Researchers discovered that Wolbachia's growth affects its cost for the host and its transmission efficiency. The team found that protection against viruses depends on the amount of Wolbachia at the moment of infection, while longevity relates to its speed of growth in adult hosts.
Scientists successfully engineered a 'vaccine' using harmless commensal bacteria to prepare immune cells for a life-threatening disease. The approach showed promise in inducing immunity without adverse effects, paving the way for novel treatments and applications.
Faster EV adoption and renewable energy generation will significantly reduce CO2 emissions in Hawaii, with a potential decrease of up to 93% by 2050. This is made possible through mathematical models created by University of Hawaii at Manoa faculty member Katherine McKenzie.
Three major national nursing organizations issued position statements on racism, addressing six key themes. Most schools of nursing also released statements, but varying degrees of alignment with national statements were observed.
Physicists at MIT have successfully measured a neutron's tiny effect in a radioactive molecule, revealing small nuclear effects and providing a chance to search for subtle symmetry violations related to dark matter and the Big Bang. The team used heavy radioactive molecules with extreme sensitivity to nuclear phenomena.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology developed ultra-short collimating metalens that can manipulate terahertz waves, enhancing directivity by three times. The technology has promising applications for short-range data exchanges and may support emerging 6G wireless communications.
Researchers discovered the molecular mechanism behind vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), a rare but fatal blood clotting disorder. The findings will enable the development of rapid diagnostic tests and new strategies to prevent VITT, making vaccines safer.
A new 'nomogram' helps predict which men with advanced metastatic prostate cancer will respond favorably to LuPSMA, a targeted therapy. The tool analyzes imaging and clinical data to stratify patients into high-risk or low-risk groups, enabling more personalized treatments.
A new study published in Scientific Reports found that a handful of dogs learn multiple toy names effortlessly, despite struggling with object labels. The research suggests that talent in a specific field may not be exclusively human, with gifted word learner dogs displaying exceptional learning capacity.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered an enzyme inhibitor, Q-VD-OPH, that boosts the immune system to fight antibiotic-resistant MRSA and other skin infections. The treatment works by reducing apoptosis of neutrophils and monocytes, leaving them in plentiful numbers to remove bacteria.
A new open-source software, GI4RAQ Platform, enables practitioners to estimate pollutant concentration changes resulting from different planting schemes in streets. It focuses on key pollutants from road transport and provides a detailed analysis of the urban form and planting specified by users.
Researchers developed hybrid membrane nanovaccines that educate patients' immune systems to distinguish tumor components as 'non-self', preventing recurrence and metastasis. The vaccines induce robust innate and adaptive immune responses, offering a new opportunity for individualized cancer vaccines.
Researchers have found evidence of a 'magneto-rotational hypernova', a previously unknown type of cataclysm that could explain the presence of high amounts of uranium and zinc in ancient stars. The discovery, published in Nature, reveals a new pathway for the formation of heavy elements in the infant universe.
Researchers have created a new mouse model that facilitates study of bladder cancer progression and immune-system activation. The model allows for investigation of gender differences in bladder cancer development and response to immunotherapy, with potential implications for improving treatment strategies.
Researchers found that larger male mosquitofish are preferred by females and produce more sperm. They also excel at driving off rivals and using forced mating strategies due to their small size and agility. The study analyzed 36 studies and provided new insights into the relationship between body size and reproductive success in fish.
A new study published in Emerging Infectious Diseases found that mathematical models informed early statewide policies in Colorado, avoiding 97% of potential hospitalizations. The modeling team developed a SEIR model calibrated to Colorado COVID-19 data and provided real-time estimates to policymakers.
A new study predicts that climate change could increase the global population at risk of malaria and dengue by up to 4.7 billion people by 2100, particularly in lowlands and urban areas. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions could prevent millions from contracting these diseases.
A recent study has identified specific miRNA signatures associated with EGFRI-induced skin rash, suggesting potential treatment-dependent biomarkers for this common side effect. The research found that miR-21 and miR-520e serum concentrations were negatively correlated with the severity of skin rash.
A study examining US ICE detention facility deaths from 2011 to 2018 found that inadequate healthcare, poor living conditions, and mental health issues were key factors contributing to these deaths. The study highlights the need for improved healthcare and living conditions in ICE facilities to prevent unnecessary deaths.
A study of 3,013 participants found that people with disabilities cite concerns about medical conditions, functional limitations, and workplace culture as major barriers to employment. The research highlights the importance of addressing negative perceptions to develop effective return-to-work or employment interventions.
A study by Nicolette Sullivan and Scott Huettel found that the brain processes taste information first, followed by health information, leading to unhealthy snack choices. Slowing down the decision-making process can help individuals make healthier options.
Researchers identified a novel binding site on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's N-terminal domain, which is targeted by heparan sulphate and its mimetics. This finding suggests that anti-coagulant drugs like heparin could be repurposed as potential antiviral treatments for COVID-19 variants.
Researchers found that plants don't quite achieve 'equal pay' for microbes, instead allocating resources based on the quality of service. The plant-microbe exchanges follow a square-root model, where low-performing microbes receive more resources than expected.
Researchers from RUDN University and Australia found that citizens in Moscow and Perth valued access to green spaces for physical and mental health, as well as socialization and sense of unity with nature. During the pandemic, residents' contact with natural objects decreased, especially in cities with restricted access.
A new study finds that electoral districts with a larger gender pay gap tend to have fewer female candidates, as voters' biases against women candidates can lead to lower vote shares. The Parity Law has had limited impact in reducing this disparity, with parties strategically allocating female candidates to less competitive districts.
A new AI-powered diagnostic tool can spot asymptomatic prostate cancer in routine CT scans, allowing for earlier diagnosis and improved treatment outcomes. The technology, developed at RMIT University, has been shown to perform better than human radiologists in detecting cancerous growths.
A new study concludes that wastewater disposal has not significantly altered the orientation of stress in the Earth's crust in southern Kansas. The researchers analyzed shear wave splitting data and found no evidence for a significant rotation in the fast direction, contradicting previous estimates.
Researchers found diabetics use half as much force to hold objects, unlike those with other neurological diseases. The study developed a new methodology to measure grip force, providing potential for quick and easy diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy.
A new study published in the American Political Science Review found that public diplomacy accompanying a high-level visit by a national leader increases public approval in the host country. The effect lasts up to two and a half weeks and is especially strong when covered by news media.
A decade's worth of data shows a significant decrease in mechanical ventilation use and an increase in non-invasive respiratory support, such as CPAP, for preterm infants. This shift is associated with improved health outcomes, including reduced lung injury and neurodevelopmental risks.
Researchers at Rice University have created a coating made of soft polymer that can help keep knotty ceramic structures from shattering. The coating was tested on complex lattices called schwarzites, which were found to be up to 4.5 times more resistant to catastrophic fractures.
Researchers have discovered two ancient bat fossil teeth in Asia, dating back to the Eocene epoch and pushing the evolutionary record for bats on that continent back by 55 million years. The findings suggest that bats may have originated in Asia before spreading globally, but the exact characteristics of these early bats remain unclear.
A University of Pennsylvania-led study found that protein actin's nucleotide sequences, not amino acid sequences, govern its functions in cells. The faster translation rate of beta-actin mRNA causes it to attach to substrates more strongly, slowing down cell movement.
Climatologists tested a solar geoengineering scenario using the MAR climate model to reduce Greenland's mass loss by 6% locally. However, the researchers warn that this approach is not sufficient to stabilize the ice cap by the end of the century and poses risks to the ozone layer and water cycles.
Research reveals that elevated DLST expression predicts poor patient outcomes and disease aggression in human neuroblastoma. Conversely, reducing DLST levels impairs tumor initiation and suppresses aggression.
Scientists discovered that changes in Earth's orbit allowed for ice-free regions to develop on 'Snowball Earth', enabling periodic survival of animal life. The research found evidence of iron-rich sedimentary rocks forming in the icy ocean near colossal ice sheets, providing a sanctuary for complex multicellular life.
A Cornell University-led team developed a machine learning tool called Correlation Convolutional Neural Networks (CCNN) to parse quantum matter and make distinctions in the data. CCNN can identify relationships among microscopic properties that are impossible to determine at the scale of quantum systems.
Scientists have created two types of composites based on PVDF polymers and a PVDF-based copolymer with magnetic nanoparticles, showing enhanced magnetoelectric response. The addition of barium titanate particles significantly amplifies the effect.
A global study found that abnormal hot and cold temperatures cause over 9.43% of global deaths, with most deaths caused by cold exposure. The study revealed geographic differences in temperature-related mortality, with Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa having the highest heat and cold-related excess death rates.
Researchers found a protein called FLOE1 that allows seeds to directly perceive their hydration state and act upon it. This discovery has major implications for understanding plant ecology and designing drought-resistant crops to combat climate change.
Cancer screenings experienced a sharp increase in the last quarter of 2020, following a decline during the early pandemic months. Racial and socioeconomic disparities were found to persist among users of some screening tests, with mammography showing significant shifts in patient distribution.
A team of MIT and Harvard University researchers has developed a modified version of two-photon imaging that can image deeper within tissue and perform the imaging much more quickly than what was previously possible. This technique allows for high-resolution images of structures such as blood vessels and individual neurons within the b...
A new study found that double-dose algebra significantly increased semesters of college attended and college degree attainment among median-skill students. Implementing the policy in schools with lower-skilled students led to no impact, highlighting the need for more intensive math interventions.
Researchers uncover how seamounts lubricate tectonic plates, preventing large earthquakes. The study suggests a key difference in the northern and southern parts of the Hikurangi Margin, which contributes to the region's high earthquake activity.
A new study predicts that global warming will lead to a sharp increase in heat-related deaths, outstripping the decline in cold-related mortality, unless strong mitigation measures are taken immediately. The Mediterranean Basin is expected to be disproportionately affected due to its greater vulnerability to heat.
A new grant is expanding a Texas tobacco program to target substance use patients in rural communities. The program aims to reduce smoking rates among individuals with psychiatric disorders and substance dependencies.
Researchers developed a miniature 3D bone-like tissue model to investigate the effects of anti-androgen therapies on prostate cancer bone tumours. The study found that traditional therapy had limited effect, with interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment significantly impacting disease progress.
A new AI tool automatically measures fat around the heart from MRI scan images, linking it to increased diabetes risk. The tool was tested on over 45,000 people and accurately calculated their risk of developing diabetes.
A new study from Cardiff University found that the UK public views COVID-19 as a threat primarily because of government-imposed lockdowns. People who judged the risk based on this fact were more likely to support lockdown measures. Once restrictions are lifted, public perception may shift, and the threat may be downplayed.
Climate scientists have developed an improved three-month preseasonal forecast for the Indian monsoon onset using machine learning. The predictions show accuracy of +/- 4.8 days and cover climate changes since 1948, offering a promising basis for future research.
Researchers used digital pens to capture participants' performance during cognitive tests, identifying patterns that correlate with physical function. They found groups of participants who had similar patterns of writing and thinking times, which were linked to poorer physical function or memory/executive function scores.
A nationwide study found mRNA COVID-19 vaccines significantly reduce the risk of infection by up to 91% in fully vaccinated individuals. For those who develop breakthrough cases, vaccines also shorten symptom duration and severity.
Research found a significant correlation between lower UVB light exposure and higher rates of colorectal cancer across all age groups. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in this association, particularly for people over 45, who may reduce their risk by correcting deficiencies in vitamin D.
The European Society of Cardiology has announced the ESC Congress 2021 press programme, featuring live hot line sessions and embargoed press conferences. The programme will showcase new data on heart failure, valvular heart disease, cardiac arrest, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation.
Scientists from Würzburg, Germany, have identified a protein in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana that detects and translates acidic conditions into an electrical signal. This discovery could lead to more tolerant crops for waterlogging conditions.
Plant-based diets are recommended for healthy adults, with low consumption of salt and animal products, and increased intake of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. Fermented dairy products like yogurt and cheese can also have a protective effect on cardiovascular health.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH) have synthesized two new thermally stable zeolites with improved catalytic activity. PST-32 and PST-2 exhibit higher activity than zeolite Y in producing ethylene and propylene, key raw materials for chemical products.
A new study reveals that microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, play a crucial role in regulating brain wiring by sculpting inhibitory neurons. The research showed that microglia interact with GABA-emitting inhibitory synapses through direct physical contact, a process enabled by advanced imaging techniques.
Researchers are investigating social factors that protect or increase Indigenous peoples' vulnerability to COVID-19 and VOCs. Eight projects, funded by CoVaRR-Net, aim to create a Canadian Wastewater Surveillance Database to track variant spread and vaccine effectiveness.
Researchers found that certain personality types excel in specific countries and years due to environmental factors like predator presence and beechmast availability. This suggests that spatial and temporal variation in selection promotes the maintenance of behavioral differences within species.