Researchers used a machine-learning algorithm to identify novel gene candidates associated with immune traits in mice, including 101 new genes with over 95% chance of being required for immunity. The study's software, Candidate Explorer, helps predict causation of mutations and has already verified hundreds of genes with novel functions.
A new study found that racial wage discrimination against black English football players disappeared after the Bosman ruling introduced a free transfer market, increasing labour mobility. However, non-EU players still face wage discrimination due to restrictive contracting rules and prejudice from clubs.
A $10 million grant from The Foundation for Food & Agriculture Research will support a six-year project to measure dairy farming's greenhouse gas footprint and develop strategies to reduce emissions. The study aims to make the US dairy industry carbon neutral while supporting farmer livelihoods.
A new UK study finds racial minority students are significantly underrepresented in geology, physical geography, and environmental science. This systemic exclusion risks alienating large sections of the global population from addressing climate change.
A new modeling study suggests that randomization and early recruitment in COVID-19 clinical trials can help identify effective antiviral drugs. The researchers found that timing of treatment initiation also plays a crucial role, with treatments administered within the first day of symptom onset showing improved outcomes.
A new risk prediction model may improve the prediction of impending spontaneous preterm birth, reducing unnecessary hospital admissions and treatment costs. The model combines clinical risk factors with vaginal fluid fetal fibronectin concentration analysis, showing promising performance in predicting preterm birth within seven days.
Researchers have developed a novel strategy for tuning the light-emitting properties of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by introducing small molecular groups into their pore walls. This allows COFs to be fine-tuned to emit light at various distinct frequencies within the RGB spectrum.
A new fossil discovery has revealed that dinosaurs did not breathe in the same way, with Heterodontosaurus having unique paddle-shaped ribs and expanded belly to breathe. The study provides insight into the biology of ornithischian dinosaurs and fills gaps in knowledge about their evolution.
Scientists at the University of Leeds have developed an approach to control the structure and mechanics of synthetic biomaterials made from proteins. By removing specific chemical bonds, known as 'protein staples,' they altered the structure of a protein network, resulting in different mechanical properties.
A study by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München's researchers found that the CD40L/CD40 interaction plays a crucial role in atherogenesis. The team showed that inhibition of this interaction can reduce atherosclerosis-associated clot formation and stabilize plaques, offering new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease.
Using numerical simulations, researchers showed that satellite galaxies can retain gas and experience new episodes of star formation after passing close to their parent galaxy. This process is driven by the satellite's reserve of cold gas and minimum distance from its parent galaxy.
A multidisciplinary research team has discovered that two plant stem cell proteins, BRAVO and WOX5, physically interact to regulate each other's function in a small group of stem cells. This interaction is crucial for the plant's survival under stress factors like extreme cold, heat, or floods.
A large register-based study found adults with ADHD at higher risk of various physical conditions, particularly nervous system, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and metabolic diseases. The strongest associations were seen for alcohol-related liver disease, sleep disorders, and obesity.
A new study found that establishing safe nurse staffing standards in hospitals in Chile could significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The research revealed that private hospitals had better nurse-to-patient ratios than public hospitals, resulting in lower avoidable deaths and hospital readmissions.
Researchers developed hollow amorphous Co/C composites to activate hydrogen peroxide, generating singlet oxygen that selectively eliminates oxytetracycline in complicated water matrices. The system exhibited excellent repeatability, stability, and anti-interference ability.
The xAire project measured nitrogen dioxide levels in 725 locations, providing unprecedented information on Barcelona's air pollution. The study found that 5% of samples exceeded the WHO threshold, with significant differences between districts and streets.
A 200-million-year-old South African dinosaur, Heterodontosaurus tucki, breathed by expanding its chest and belly, unlike birds which use air sacs. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of how dinosaurs breathed and could help paleontologists understand what features allowed certain species to survive or go extinct.
Aducanumab, a monoclonal antibody approved for Alzheimer's disease, has no proven benefits in treating cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), according to doctors. The FDA approval opens the door for off-label use, but experts caution against it due to safety concerns and lack of evidence.
Acidobacteria use low-affinity terminal oxidases to 'breathe' oxygen at nanomolar concentrations, challenging traditional assumptions. These microbes also scavenge atmospheric hydrogen to survive nutrient-poor periods, playing a central role in soil microbial communities and ecological balance.
A double-blind, randomized trial found that patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome had improved insulin sensitivity after receiving a fecal microbial transplant followed by daily fibre supplements. The study, led by Professor Karen Madsen, suggests that the microbiome can be targeted to improve human health.
Dr. Linda Chang's award-winning project aims to eradicate all traces of HIV from the body and treat co-existing substance use disorders using a multi-disciplinary approach. The team will utilize gene-editing technology, CRISPR, and an MRI-guided focused ultrasound system to target hidden reservoirs of virus in the brain's immune cells.
Research shows that men with symptomatic Covid-19 and low testosterone are more likely to become severely ill and die. The lower the testosterone levels, the higher the likelihood of severe illness and death, according to a study presented at the European Association of Urology congress.
A new study reveals that boys in Australia prefer reading fiction more than non-fiction, with over half expressing high enjoyment for story books. The findings have significant implications for literacy agendas and teacher strategies to promote reading enjoyment among all students.
Researchers at UC Davis discovered that a cat's DNA influences its response to clopidogrel, a common medication for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats. Nearly 20% of cats showed resistance to the therapy, highlighting the need for personalized medicine.
A decade-long investigation reveals the continuous male line of the Da Vinci family, tracing 21 generations and five family branches. The study also provides new discoveries and family tree updates, deepening previous findings and offering a strong basis for advancing DNA research.
A clinical trial found that casts are not more effective than removable braces for treating broken ankles, with patients reporting similar levels of pain and functionality. The choice between the two should be down to cost and patient preference.
Scientists at UCSF have shown that gene-edited cellular therapeutics can effectively treat major diseases such as peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure. The study used specially engineered induced pluripotent stem cells called HIP cells to evade the immune system.
Researchers at Tel-Aviv University developed a new biological material that generates electric currents and voltage through mechanical force, enabling the creation of implantable devices without batteries. The material, similar to collagen, is non-toxic and piezoelectric, with potential applications in medicine and energy harvesting.
Researchers have found 22 lipids linked to lower symptom improvement in people with schizophrenia during treatment. The study's findings suggest a complex interplay between metabolic abnormalities and psychiatric health, highlighting the potential of lipidomics as a promising field for new discoveries.
The SAEM GRACE team developed recommendations for testing, treatment, hospital admission, and screening tools for recurrent, low-risk chest pain. Guidelines prioritize patient-important outcomes and consideration of patients' values and preferences.
A new study finds that the decline of US landfills and state bans on organic waste disposal have created a need for alternative pathways for food waste. Researchers evaluated five options, including anaerobic digestion, composting, incineration, and hydrothermal liquefaction.
Researchers found that Caenorhabditis elegans worms learn to optimise their foraging activity by switching their response to pheromones in the environment. The worms adapt to sensory cues to maximize food intake during foraging, associating pheromones with food availability and changing their movements accordingly.
Researchers have found a significant link between air pollution and an increased risk of dysmenorrhea, a common condition characterized by severe menstrual cramps. Long-term exposure to pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter was shown to raise the risk of developing the disorder by up to 33 times.
Researchers have successfully synthesized macroscopic thick three-dimensional porous graphene films using high-energy electron beams. The resulting material exhibits excellent electrochemical storage capacity and photothermal performance, making it suitable for applications in supercapacitors and solar photothermal anti-icing.
A national study published in Psychiatric Services found that nearly a quarter of US adults with depression or anxiety symptoms needed mental health counseling but were unable to access it. Women and young adults were more likely to report an unmet need for mental health support during the pandemic.
Researchers have developed a machine-learning algorithm to categorize metal-organic frameworks by oxidation state, providing a solution to the long-standing problem in chemistry. The collective knowledge of the chemistry community was used to train the model, which captured the errors and inconsistencies in existing methods.
A California program expanding public health programs to undocumented immigrant children greatly reduced disparities in coverage rates. The rate of uninsured non-citizens dropped by 34% after implementation of Health for All Kids in May 2016.
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that nearly half of people living with HIV have coronary artery plaque, even those considered at low-to-moderate risk. The plaque was linked to increased arterial inflammation and immune system activation, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Scientists at the University of Delaware have made progress on a biological containment strategy using synthetic auxotrophy, keeping a strain of E. coli stable for 100 days. The research also shows promise for treating diseases and cleaning up the environment safely.
Researchers developed a new strategy to characterize polymeric transition metal species in acidic solutions, using ESI-TOF-MS. This method visualized transformation evolutions of vanadium, chromium, tungsten, and molybdenum species, guiding reaction conditions for high-purity metal separation.
The study reveals that FBS2 protein is responsible for the lethality in NGLY1-knockout mice, causing cell growth suppression and accumulation of ubiquitinated glycoproteins. The absence of NGLY1 leads to proteasome inhibition, resulting in cell death.
A study by Duke-NUS Medical School finds that lonely older adults can expect to live a shorter life than their peers, forfeiting potential years of good health. In Singapore, where collectivistic culture and rapidly ageing population make loneliness more detrimental, loneliness among seniors has become a social and public health concern.
A study compares Medicare's payment for common generic prescriptions in Part D to prices available at Costco, finding significant savings for patients without insurance. The research found that patients paying out-of-pocket at Costco spent an average of $10 less per month on common generic drugs compared to Medicare beneficiaries.
Researchers developed a statistical model using platelet and white blood cell counts to distinguish between severe malaria and other illnesses. This model could help identify misdiagnosed children with alternative causes of illness, speeding up research on new treatments.
The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial effect on diabetes care in the US, with a decrease in health services received by patients with type 2 diabetes. This decrease was particularly pronounced among low-income individuals, highlighting the need for targeted support and resources.
Rice University scientists have isolated a biocatalyst that controls the chirality of compounds, enabling more accurate drug synthesis. The discovery could lead to improved pharmaceutical production by providing a new tool for controlling stereochemistry.
A recent study published in the Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation found that two-thirds of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remain married to their spouse 10 years after the injury. The study analyzed data from 1,423 patients and found that marital stability was higher for those who were older, female, and had no problema...
A novel molecular assay has been developed to investigate how plant fungal pathogens circumvent the bioactivity of SDHIs. The study successfully validated known mechanisms of fungicide resistance in several agriculturally important fungal pathogens.
A new study published in Autism Research found that attention training in autistic children aged 8-14 led to notable improvements in math, reading, writing, and overall attention. The researchers developed a computer programme called CPAT, which showed significant results in both immediate and long-term assessments.
Researchers inverted lunar regolith parameters using microwave radiation data from the Chang'e lunar sounder. The study reveals regolith thickness distribution and provides support for selecting sampling sites for future missions.
China's community seedbanks are conserving agricultural biodiversity by protecting crop varieties, improving farmer livelihoods, and increasing food security. These seedbanks also promote climate resilience through their focus on local environmental conditions.
The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered four new planets that are consistent with Earth-sized masses and may be free-floating in space. These findings suggest the existence of a population of free-floating planets, which could have been ejected from host stars by gravitational forces.
Scientists identify edible wild mushroom with complex reproductive structure, challenging traditional understanding of fungal reproduction. The study reveals a new type of reproduction that recombines genetic information without a mate, potentially increasing ecological fitness and adapting to previously unsuitable habitats.
A new study suggests that varying virus dynamics among patients may contribute to inconsistent clinical trial results for COVID-19 drugs. Recruiting participants shortly after symptom onset could reduce the number of participants needed to detect significant antiviral drug effects.
A recent study of over 3,500 participants found that traumatic brain injuries are increasing in the over-65 age group, with falls as the most common cause. The study highlights the need for prevention measures, such as training programs for safe walking and redesigning homes to remove tripping hazards.
Researchers found that strategic public selection and training are key to successful citizen science projects. The study highlights the importance of reproducibility and integration of essential elements such as participant contribution and assessment.
A Duke University research team used metabolomics to compare the nutritional content of plant-based meat alternatives and grass-fed beef, finding large differences despite comparable nutrition facts labels. The study highlights the need for consumers to understand that these products are not nutritionally interchangeable.
Researchers at Kumamoto University discovered that muscles and satellite cells retain positional memory from fetal life, based on the expression pattern of the homeobox (Hox) gene cluster. This finding is expected to provide insights into the pathogenesis of muscle diseases and develop regenerative medicine.
A new study led by a University at Buffalo researcher shows that the way news media talk about science focuses too much attention on individuals, leading to inaccurate perceptions of scientific accuracy and reliability. The study suggests that contextualizing failure stories within the scientific process can help ameliorate harm to sci...
Research from University of Exeter found that light pollution impacts moths' ability to see flower colours, while birds' vision is improved by artificial lighting. The study highlights the need for a nuanced approach to lighting, especially for nocturnal species like moths.