A 5-million-year-old sedimentary record at Charyn Canyon provides a rare insight into long-term land-climate feedback mechanisms. The analysis revealed increasing aridity over the past five million years, with short-term fluctuations influenced by westerly winds and the Siberian high-pressure system.
A novel study on young adults' heavy drinking during the pandemic reveals a reduction in problematic drinking among men and women. However, women showed significant increases in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to men.
A new engineered IgM antibody therapy has been found to be significantly more potent than standard IgG antibodies at neutralizing the COVID-19 virus in animal models. The therapy, IGM-6268, demonstrated increased potency against emerging variants of concern and variants of interest.
Researchers have successfully simulated the interaction of two quantum dots, exchanging energy controlled by light. The study's results are promising for experimental research and development in various fields, including qubit development and photocatalysis.
Researchers used base editing to convert a pathogenic hemoglobin gene to a benign variant, rescuing disease symptoms in animal models and enabling long-lasting production of healthy blood cells. The treatment successfully edited up to 80% of the mutated gene in human blood stem cells and maintained its effects in mice for 16 weeks.
Researchers developed an electrochemical system that converts a greater amount of CO2 into valuable products. The system utilizes captured carbon, water, and electricity to create high-value products like ethylene, with over 70% of CO2 being converted.
A recent study by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon found that wind farms in the North Sea experience a significant slowing down of wind speeds when built close together, leading to reduced power output and economic consequences.
A new water filter membrane made from natural raw materials has been developed to render viruses harmless. The membrane combines protein nanofibrils with iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles to eliminate a wide range of water-borne viruses, including those causing gastrointestinal infections, with great efficiency.
Researchers at Cornell University developed a minimally invasive method to measure water potential in leaves using nanoscale sensors and fiber optics. This technology enables the study of basic plant biology, advances breeding more drought-resistant crops.
The study found that rivaroxaban is safe for patients with luminal gastrointestinal cancer, while apixaban should be used cautiously due to higher bleeding risk. DOACs can also be used in non-luminal GI cancers like pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancers.
Researchers from several institutions have successfully integrated a novel on-chip hollow-core light cage into an alkali atom vapor cell, overcoming previous limitations. The device exhibits high-speed gas diffusion and long-term stability, enabling integration with other technology platforms.
Researchers found that black bears provided a top-down buffering effect, helping to protect gray foxes from coyote competition for food and space. However, this 'bear shield' was only seasonal and disappeared during bear hibernation.
Researchers found that puppies demonstrate human-like social skills from a young age, with a strong genetic component. They can reciprocate human social gaze and use information given by humans in social contexts, even before extensive experience with humans.
Researchers found that secondary infections trigger a heightened brain immune response, affecting memory and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. This over-response leads to knock-on effects on brain rhythms and cognition, similar to acute psychiatric disturbances like delirium.
A study found that North Atlantic right whales are significantly shorter today than they were 30-40 years ago, with average length decline of 7%. The researchers suggest that severe entanglements in fishing gear may be the main cause of this decline.
A computer simulation tool called PoPS predicts when and where pests and diseases will attack crops or forests, helping manage strategies and pesticide applications. The tool improves with data feedback from natural resource managers, enabling more accurate predictions of future spread.
Research suggests that heat generated by asteroid impacts could enable aqueous alteration and organic solid formation, increasing the number of potential sources of water and life's origins. The study found that craters over 1km in radius can support organic substance formation within a 2 AU distance from the impact point.
A study found that people in the US and China who believe others are being misled by misinformation are more likely to take corrective actions, such as fact-checking and reporting. The study suggests highlighting the impact of misinformation on others can increase public support for addressing it.
Entomologists say pairing solar energy with pollinator habitat has great promise, but standards are key to making it successful. Research suggests surrounding vegetation can boost solar panel efficiency, but more analysis is needed.
A new study found that beneficial arthropods are nearly twice as abundant and diverse in uncultivated field edges than in cropped areas. The edges, which were rich in flowers and broad-leaved plants, provided a winter sanctuary for the beneficial bugs, making them more useful to farmers.
The US Army is leveraging virtual reality to advance an interdisciplinary understanding of group dynamics, particularly in small special operations teams. The research aims to identify neurological signals of influencers in groups to support Army missions.
Researchers from Le Bonheur Children's Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center found no evidence of myocardial injury or myocarditis in athletes after COVID-19 infection. Most athletes had mild symptoms and normal cardiac test results.
A majority of Americans, including Democrats and Republicans, favor empowering the federal government to negotiate lower prescription drug prices under Medicare. The survey found that only a minority believe this would harm innovation or competition from the pharmaceutical industry, with 39% of Republicans among them.
A national survey of breast cancer patients and oncologists reveals that nearly three-quarters of patients use complementary medicine during treatment, yet doctors often fail to discuss integrative health with patients. Patients report finding hope and improving quality of life through these therapies.
Researchers used two methods to reconstruct ancient Antarctica temperatures, finding that parts were 10 degrees below current temps, while others were only 4-5 degrees cooler. The study improves climate modeling and sheds light on the planet's sensitivity to greenhouse gases.
Researchers found that puppies as young as 8 weeks old demonstrate social communication skills, such as following pointing gestures and engaging in eye contact. Genetics explain more than 40% of the variation in puppies' abilities, suggesting an innate capacity for human interaction.
Researchers at Skoltech have identified a type of hydroxyl defect in LiFePO4, a widely used cathode material, which can degrade its performance. Studying these defects may lead to improving the manufacturing process and enhancing battery performance.
Computer simulations reveal that DNA sequence and histone tails play crucial roles in nucleosome breathing, a motion essential for gene expression regulation. The findings provide unprecedented insights into the mechanisms that control chromatin dynamics.
Researchers found that nivolumab significantly reduced bladder cancer recurrence after surgery in high-risk patients. Disease-free survival was 21 months for nivolumab recipients compared to 10.9 months for placebo recipients.
Researchers at the University of Turku discovered a novel antibody treatment that reactivates the immune defense system in patients with advanced-stage cancer. The treatment activates killer T cells and lowers the suppressive potential of macrophages, leading to increased inflammation and white blood cell activity.
Scientists create hydrobot, a small water droplet manipulated by magnetic beads, for various applications. Hydrobot can move with precision and even stop at random, making it suitable for dust collection and surface cleaning.
Computer scientists study the role of prior knowledge in machine learning tasks, considering philosophical frameworks that combine elements of rationalism and empiricism. This approach aims to improve the accuracy of complex systems by incorporating human-like reasoning and flexibility.
Regular strength and impact-type training decreases or prevents age-related bone loss, according to a new study at the University of Jyväskylä. High-intensity training preserves trabecular bone density and cross-sectional geometry, supporting its benefits for bone health.
A study by Princess Margaret researchers found that AI-generated radiation treatments were deemed clinically acceptable for patients in most cases, with 89% of ML-treatments preferred over human-generated ones. However, physician preferences changed when actual treatment was at stake, reducing the use of ML-generated treatments to 61%....
Global clean energy technology adoption is growing at a rapid pace, particularly in niche markets like Norway and California for electric vehicles, Ireland for wind power, and China for electric buses and new nuclear. These pioneers are crucial to addressing climate change by developing and deploying low-carbon technologies.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center developed a predictive model to identify patients who may benefit from genetic testing based on routine information in electronic health records. The model accurately classified over 87% of cases and 96% of controls, and identified potential patients with rare undiagnosed diseases.
People who use methamphetamine are more likely to have health conditions, mental illness, and substance use disorders than those who do not. The study found a higher prevalence of liver disease, lung disease, and HIV/AIDS among methamphetamine users.
Researchers have found a new treatment with the potential to improve outcomes for patients with hereditary BRCA mutations and high-risk, early-stage breast cancer. The study shows that olaparib, a PARP inhibitor, significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer returning in high-risk patients following standard therapies.
Researchers at Yale-NUS College have discovered a way to produce single gyroid photonic crystals directly in feather colours of blue-winged leafbirds. This breakthrough has the potential to improve photovoltaic cells, fibre optics, and fuel cells by making them more efficient and cost-effective.
The COVID-19 pandemic initially slowed down conception rates, but a baby surge is expected as pregnancy volumes rebound. Researchers at Michigan Medicine used electronic health records to model pregnancy episodes and project changes in pregnancy volumes during the pandemic.
A large majority of the Spanish population, 85%, supports increased government investment in science and technology. The survey also reveals a higher interest in science and technology among men than women.
A massive die-off of sharks occurred 19 million years ago, with more than 70% of the world's sharks dying off - a phenomenon not seen since the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago.
A recent study has identified a constellation of genetic variants in the FTO gene that correlate with metabolic and behavioral changes linked to obesity. The research found that these variants influence the expression of IRX3 and IRX5, which collectively mediate risk of obesity.
A Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center study found that a combination of two early reading programs improved kindergarten readiness by 15.4 percentage points over three years. The Reach Out and Read/Imagination Library program boosted preliteracy skills, improving school success.
A team of engineers at UC Riverside has developed a catalyst that removes perchlorate from water, which is abundant in Martian soil. The new technology could help produce oxygen for human explorers on Mars.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have developed a new electrochemical system that converts more than 50% of CO2 into valuable products. The system runs under acidic conditions, which reduces undesired side reactions and enhances efficiency, making it an economically viable solution for carbon capture and utilization.
Scientists have recorded the most energetic radiation and longest gamma-ray afterglow of a gamma-ray burst, revealing similar spectral characteristics between X-ray and very-high energy gamma-rays. This challenge to established theory highlights the need for further studies of very-high energy GRB afterglow emission.
Researchers from UNC School of Medicine discovered that MUC5AC is more reliably associated with COPD manifestation than another mucus protein, revealing a possible biomarker for disease initiation and prognosis. Elevated levels of MUC5AC in non-smokers who developed COPD suggest it could predict disease progression.
A new study using Regional Climate Models (RCMs) at kilometer scale has shown significant improvements in simulating extreme rainfall events. The RCMs outperform lower resolution models, especially during summer months, providing more accurate predictions for policymakers to adapt to climate change.
Researchers discovered that a valence gradient can serve as a new approach for stabilizing high-nickel-content cathode materials against degradation and safety issues. By isolating the valence gradient from concentration gradient, they confirmed its critical role in battery performance.
A recent study has found that children born to mothers who took fish oil during pregnancy have faster problem-solving skills and better attention focus at age 10. The study, funded by the European Union, also showed that maternal fish oil supplementation had a lasting impact on brain function in school-aged children.
A genomic study of 194,000 females and 167,000 males in the UK Biobank finds no correlation between farming and reduced sex differences in size and shape. Genetic variations linked to physical traits show no significant increase in either males or females over the past 3,000 years.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba discovered that bovine milk contains antibodies that can neutralize SARS-CoV-2, potentially providing a natural source of immunity. The study found that consuming dairy preparations with high levels of these antibodies may help control infection and prevent disease.
A new treatment option has been developed to improve survival and disease control in men with advanced prostate cancer. The targeted radioligand therapy significantly extended survival and delayed progression, with a substantial effect given the high progression of disease despite previous treatments.
Researchers at KAUST developed an electrochemical cell using a ceramic membrane to extract lithium ions from seawater. The process yields solid lithium phosphate with minimal impurities, making it suitable for battery production.
Researchers developed a biodegradable supercapacitor that can store electricity for hours, withstand thousands of charge cycles, and degrade naturally. The device uses a combination of cellulose nanofibers, carbon, and glycerin to achieve its capabilities.
The article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the AIDS epidemic with a paper in the New England Journal of Medicine. The piece explores the experiences of American physicians who were central to the epidemic, describing their work as
Researchers found that HIV prevents oligodendrocytes from maturing, reducing myelin production. The virus secretes glutamate, which activates the integrated stress response, further disrupting cell development.
Researchers at USTC develop a multiplexed quantum repeater using absorptive quantum memories, achieving high-fidelity entanglement swapping and accelerating entanglement distribution. This breakthrough provides a feasible roadmap for practical quantum repeaters and high-speed quantum networks.
Researchers at Sinai Health have developed a new tool to better understand the organization of living human cells. By creating a detailed map of protein localization across all compartments in human cells, the team has gained valuable insights into cellular function and disease mechanisms.