Researchers and community members collaborate to develop a program promoting healthy eating habits in infants, addressing real barriers faced by families. The study aims to improve nutrition and behavior outcomes, with the goal of reducing obesity risk later in childhood and adulthood.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that colorectal cancer screening after age 75 reduces incidence and death from the disease in most individuals. Screening is particularly beneficial for those without cardiovascular disease or multiple health conditions.
Researchers discovered that type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) promote progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by inducing inflammatory and aggressive behavior in T cells. Blocking or genetically modifying cDC1 alleviates symptoms in mice, suggesting a potential new approach to prevent serious liver damage.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found a gene responsible for reinstalling beneficial epigenetic modifications in plants. This process helps prevent the transmission of harmful genetic traits to offspring, allowing plants to evolve and diversify.
A new study published in Disability and Health Journal found that COVID-19 death rates are higher for people with IDD who live in congregate settings. The research team analyzed data from 12 US jurisdictions and compared COVID-19 case-fatality rates among people with IDD to those in the general population.
A study of 100 transgender adolescents found that gender-affirming hormone therapy does not increase cardiovascular disease risk. The treatment was associated with reduced symptoms of gender dysphoria and improved mental health outcomes.
A global survey of fossil pollen reveals Earth's plant communities are changing at least as quickly today as they did when the last ice sheets retreated around 10,000 years ago. Human influence on ecosystems began with early civilizations and agriculture, deforestation, and urbanization.
Research identifies two critical thresholds for stream flow and salmon survival, with a historic mean flow of 10,712 cfs providing an important target for managing water resources. Enacting flows to match this threshold could increase salmon survival rates by doubling or tripling in some years.
A national study found nearly 90,000 people taking immunosuppressive drugs, including steroids, may have a slower or weaker response to COVID-19 vaccines. Researchers are exploring strategies to improve vaccine efficacy in this vulnerable population.
A new analysis by the West Health Policy Center estimates that the Elijah E. Cummings Lower Drug Costs Now Act (H.R. 3) could result in hundreds of billions of dollars in lower commercial health insurance costs by 2030, primarily due to a $195 billion reduction in employer costs and $98 billion in savings for workers.
Researchers are developing a bio-inspired hydrofoil turbine that harnesses the power of natural river flows to generate electricity. The system aims to provide a more efficient, environmentally friendly alternative to traditional renewable energy sources.
Researchers found genetic differences between city and rural great tits, with changes linked to cognition, aggression, and circadian rhythms. These adaptations enabled the birds to cope with urban stressors like noise pollution, lights at night, and air pollution.
A new study from the University of Southern California finds that a Medicaid-Medicare partnership could save $1 to $1.1 billion over 25 years while treating hepatitis C cases. The model suggests that joint coverage of treatment would improve patient outcomes and reduce future healthcare costs.
A survey conducted by Elizabeth Papautsky at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak found that 48% of respondents experienced delayed health care, with the top reasons being fear of infection and discouragement from healthcare providers.
Researchers found that fly brains use prediction to guide behavior, making them more efficient in evading predators. The visual system uses an information bottleneck to filter out unnecessary sensory data and preserve necessary information for predictions.
Research at Uppsala University discovered an epigenetic mechanism linking bisphenol F (BPF) exposure during fetal development to lower IQ levels in children. The study found that higher BPF levels were associated with increased DNA methylation in the GRIN2B gene, which plays a key role in neurological development.
Research suggests that spending moderate amounts of time watching television during midlife is associated with greater cognitive decline and lower brain volume. This could be due to prolonged sedentary behavior affecting brain health, which may impact overall well-being in later life.
The University of Maryland's interdisciplinary collaboration aims to understand the complexities of valuing pollination services. Researchers examine the economic value of managed and wild pollinators, revealing the need for a more holistic approach to assessing pollinator health and resilience.
A study reveals that secreted cell factors, particularly TGFβ1, inhibit hematopoiesis in humans with acute myeloid leukemia. Blocking TGFβ1 could improve hematopoiesis in AML patients.
Face masks are highly effective in preventing the spread of COVID-19 in virus-limited environments, but more advanced masks and ventilation are required in virus-rich settings. High compliance is necessary for mask effectiveness, with at least 60-70% required for surgical masks.
The Skoltech team created a genome-wide atlas of developmental alternative splicing changes in seven organs across six mammal species and chicken. Alternative splicing plays a crucial role in forming organs like the brain, heart, and testes, but is less significant for others like the liver and kidneys.
Research presents evidence that social isolation and loneliness are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. The study found that measures of social isolation and loneliness should be incorporated into standard care to better understand cardiovascular risk and develop solutions.
Researchers have discovered a way to manipulate terahertz polarization using ultrathin, highly aligned carbon nanotube films. The phenomenon occurs at a specific angle, known as the 'magic angle,' and allows for precise control over light polarization.
A University of Michigan climate scientist and his colleague argue that planting trees won't curb climate change due to its inevitable effects on vegetation. Keeping existing forests healthy is key, while proactive forest management can help mitigate the crisis.
Researchers have successfully detected groundwater beneath Hiawatha Glacier in Greenland using airborne ice-penetrating radar. The discovery could greatly impact sea-level rise projections by enabling the study of water flow through ice sheets at a continental scale.
A new study found that older adults with functional impairments are at higher risk of using prescription opioids, tranquilizers/sedatives, and medical cannabis. This population is more susceptible to substance use disorders and mental health issues due to chronic pain, insomnia, or anxiety.
A new class of diabetes medication, GLP-1 receptor agonists, has been shown to improve asthma symptoms and reduce lung inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study found that these medications can help control asthma exacerbations and reduce breathing symptoms.
An international research team, including the University of Jena, has developed a new method for studying atomic structures on material surfaces. The technique uses short-wavelength laser pulses to observe chemical reactions and interfaces at the atomic level.
Researchers analyzed global pollen data to study the global rate of change in vegetation, finding a worldwide acceleration in compositional change between 4.6 and 2.9 thousand years ago. Human influence on terrestrial ecosystems exceeds climate-driven transformation during this period.
Researchers found that analyzing local networks within brain regions provides superior results to traditional fiber tract connectivity approaches for predicting disease progression and surgery outcomes in epilepsy patients.
UVA Children's is part of a national network aiming to improve autism care by quickly applying the latest research and best practices. The network focuses on managing common symptoms like hyperactivity, irritability, and anxiety in children with autism.
A team of researchers has proposed a revised mechanism for adding functional groups onto simple hydrocarbons like methane, highlighting the essential role of chlorine atoms. This new understanding is crucial for designing next-generation catalysts and finding scalable approaches to turn greenhouse gases into value-added chemicals.
The study investigates chirality in magnetic structures, revealing a memory effect for helicity after phase transition to achiral state. Coauthors describe the importance of chirality in defects and dislocations.
A nationwide study found that high levels of television exposure in early childhood can lead to visual acuity problems later on. Parents' concerns about their child's eyesight increased as the child aged from 7 to 12 years.
New research uses M87* data to test Einstein-based and string-inspired theories, constraining the validity of these models. The study suggests that current data aligns well with Einstein's theory and has limitations for string-based theories.
Researchers tracked swifts using miniature technology and found they can migrate 570 kilometers a day, with some journeys reaching over 830 kilometers. The birds use a 'fly-and-forage' strategy, fueling and foraging along the way to reduce fuel costs and maximize speed.
Young male and female orangutans exhibit distinct preferences for role models, with males learning from immigrant adults and females from their mothers. These differences reflect the animals' ecological needs and adaptability, highlighting the significance of social learning in shaping behavior.
A new study finds that cultural collectivism is a strong predictor of mask usage in the US and globally, with high collectivistic cultures encouraging masking. The study analyzed datasets from the US and 29 countries, controlling for other factors to confirm the link between collectivism and mask use.
Researchers discovered a galaxy with a spiral structure 1.4 billion years after the Big Bang using ALMA data. The galaxy's estimated mass is roughly equal to that of the Milky Way and contains a large amount of dust, making it difficult to study in visible light.
Research from Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences found that people changed their behavior in response to national guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a uniform rise in mobility across the country when the guidelines expired.
Scientists tracked individual honeybee drones using radar technology, revealing their mating behaviors and finding that they move between multiple congregation areas during a single flight. This discovery suggests the existence of a new type of animal mating system in honeybees.
A new survey suggests that Leave voters in Cornwall wanted to regain control over the UK due to concerns about EU influence, while immigration was a key factor for many. However, the issue of immigration was not a significant concern in Cornwall itself, with only six people citing it as an issue.
Researchers found that a protein called CXCL12 attracts growing nerve fibers and keeps them entrapped at the injury site. This prevents regeneration in the central nervous system. Eliminating the receptor for CXCL12 improved axonal regeneration, offering a potential starting point for new drugs.
Researchers develop a new technique to control the transport of small molecules in gas-permeable nanoslits, which enables various applications such as molecule-valving, -concentrating and -pumping. The study shows that evaporation flux and nanoslit length govern the transport of small molecules.
A new study by researchers at NYU School of Global Public Health found that most US states have passed laws preserving state authority over firearms policies. The vast majority of these states use preemption to support gun rights and remove communities' authority to enact gun control protections.
Researchers have developed novel immune checkpoint proteins that can combat autoimmune diseases and immunosuppression in cancer patients. These proteins, which include recombinant proteins and antibodies, show promise in animal models of autoimmune disease and inhibit tumor growth in cancer patients.
The emergence of highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses has led to significant mortality in wild and farmed birds, with at least one spillover event reported in Russia. Global surveillance and rigorous infection control measures are crucial to prevent further human infections and devastating pandemics.
Archivist Sarah Buchanan assesses and preserves artifacts to better understand their origin and cultural heritage. Her research reveals the importance of provenance in authenticating collections and shedding light on cultural history.
Scientists at PNNL have demonstrated the potential of low-cost organic compounds for storing massive amounts of energy to be fed into the electric grid. The researchers showed that fluorenone, a common compound found in candles, can operate continuously for 120 days and lose less than 3% of its energy capacity after 1,111 full cycles.
A Spanish research team has developed a low-cost, easy-to-use biosensor to detect breast cancer in its earliest stages. The biosensor provides results in under an hour and can help address limitations of current diagnostic methods.
Scientists have identified areas at high risk for conflicts between humans and elephants and lions in Africa. The study estimates that mitigation fences could provide considerable return on investment via reduced cattle loss and crop damage.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute presented numerous studies on various types of cancer, including kidney cancer, melanoma, and lung cancer. The studies focused on innovative treatments, diagnostic advances, and patient outcomes.
Research reveals US cardiovascular disease death rates have decreased nationwide over the past few decades, however disparities between high- and low-mortality counties persist. Counties with higher initial mortality rates remained worse off, while those with lower rates maintained their advantage.
A new smartphone app developed by Cornell University engineers can predict grape yields up to 24% more accurately than traditional methods. The app uses computer-vision technology to analyze video footage of grape vines, allowing farmers to secure labor and equipment in advance and reduce profits.
A University of Tsukuba study found that Japan's south foehn is driven by dynamic mechanisms, not thermodynamic effects. Dangerously hot windstorms occurred when a typhoon was present, highlighting the need for predictive models to mitigate harm.
A new study estimates that US COVID-19 deaths may be 20% higher than reported, with excess deaths not attributed to the virus more common in low-socioeconomic counties. The research emphasizes the need for policy changes addressing widening health and racial inequities.
The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has doubled the percentage of Black participants in cancer clinical trials through community outreach and engagement efforts. The initiative improved access and treatment for historically underrepresented groups, with significant increases observed in non-therapeutic interventional and ...
Mathematical models predict that COVID-19 severity will decrease as populations develop immunity, with mild cases becoming the norm. The research suggests adaptations in immune response over time rather than virus changes may drive this shift.
A new type of coronary artery stent is being developed with ultra-low profile struts and a smart surface that can help improve healing and prevent blood clots. The stents aim to reduce the risk of restenosis and thrombosis, which occur in 3-10% of cases.
A new framework connects climate mitigation scenarios and financial risk assessment, enabling a more accurate understanding of the financial system's impact on the transition. By integrating climate-financial risk assessments into IAMs, investors' expectations can be adjusted to enable or hamper the low-carbon transition.