Researchers designed cpLOV2 using circular permutation to simplify optogenetic device design. The new photoswitch maintained structural integrity and function, providing more choices for optogenetic application developments. It was successfully used to gate ORAI1 Ca2+ channel and control cell activities in a mouse model.
Scientists have developed a solution that synergistically couples photorespiration and C4 metabolism in plants, conserving nitrogen and accumulating C4 metabolites. This breakthrough connects two main targets in plant metabolism and has the potential to improve agricultural productivity and climate resilience.
International experts will debate five key concepts in global literary studies: space, scale, time, connectivity, and agency. The symposium aims to decentralize literary history and increase the visibility of minorities, such as women who played a key role in cultural mediation.
The team achieved the first experimental demonstration of quantum information masking, a new protocol for transferring quantum information between multiple carriers. The fidelity of the entangled state was 97.7%, enabling secure transmission of simple images for three-party quantum secret sharing.
Researchers propose sensory referenced suppression theory, where brain corrects for changes in sensory input to isolate familiar activation. This could have implications for treating memory-impairing diseases like Alzheimer's and developing AI systems that work similarly to human brains.
Scientists at City of Hope and Griffith University have developed a novel direct-acting antiviral therapy that targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, reducing viral load by 99.9%. The treatment uses siRNA technology and lipid nanoparticles to deliver the RNA to lung cells, where it silences viral genes.
Researchers at Tokyo Tech have developed a straightforward strategy to produce organic thin films with controllable shapes and thickness distributions. The novel approach combines bipolar electrochemistry with electrolytic micelle disruption, resulting in inexpensive and customizable thin films.
A new study found that Connecticut's MAT programs have higher-than-average patient retention rates, with 58.9% of participants remaining in the program at six months. However, younger patients and those using cocaine or crack alongside opioids had lower retention rates, highlighting the need for targeted strategies.
A mathematical model predicts how bacterial mutations impact antibiotic success. The study suggests measuring mutation levels is crucial for determining treatment failure and informs novel strategies. Multiple mutations limit drug resistance evolution substantially, depending on drug type and administration route.
A study of over half a million people found that certain mid-life cardiovascular risk factors are associated with dementia in both men and women. However, the relationship between blood pressure and dementia risk varies by sex, with higher blood pressure linked to increased risk in women.
A new x-ray technique developed by Berkeley Lab scientists may revolutionize COVID-19 testing. The method uses small angle X-ray scattering to identify highly sensitive antibody pairs for detection, promising fast and accurate results.
Grazing by cattle and small herbivores reduces salt marsh erosion, contributing to nature-based coastal defense. Artificial mowing also increases erosion resistance by excluding burying animals from the soil.
Scientists have created elements comparable to brain neurons and synapses using spins, a magnetic property of electrons. This breakthrough could lead to the development of brain-like computer hardware that can interface with standard silicon-based circuits.
During the winter wave of COVID-19, anaesthetic and critical care staff in the UK faced immense pressure due to a surge in newly admitted infected patients. Surgery rates plummeted by one quarter compared to previous years, with many hospitals expanding ICUs to accommodate the influx.
Researchers at Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University developed a new approach to determine the best electrode materials composition for solid-state lithium-ion batteries. The results demonstrated high charge capacity at high current densities using transition metal oxides.
Scientists have discovered that poor DNA compaction in mammary glands can lead to increased accessibility of retrotransposons, triggering an immune response and disrupting milk secretion. The findings highlight the importance of proper chromatin condensation for tissue development and function.
A new study by Stevens Institute of Technology researcher finds that human-caused sea level rise contributed $8.1 billion to Hurricane Sandy's damage, with an additional 71,000 people and 36,000 homes affected. The research uses novel modeling techniques to quantify the costs of storm damage caused by climate change.
The Alvis tool helps bioinformaticians analyze DNA sequence data and reference genome databases for more accurate assembly results. It detects chimeric sequences, which can affect data accuracy, and produces efficient vector images for human interpretation.
A new AI algorithm accurately predicts lung cancer risk from low-dose CT scans, outperforming established models and human clinicians. The algorithm may aid in optimizing follow-up recommendations for lung cancer screening participants.
Researchers found that patients were more likely to complete hepatitis C screenings when the test was already ordered for them, with completion rates doubling. The study also showed that traditional mail notifications resulted in higher screening rates than online patient portals, particularly among Black patients.
New research reveals autonomous vehicles will increase energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions across all categories studied. However, electric autonomous vehicles can change this outcome, particularly if adoption rates exceed 40%.
A multidisciplinary group of experts has created a 'Consensus Document' to guide pharmacy teams in wound management and dressing selection. The document addresses the current lack of written information about pharmacist roles and responsibilities in wound care, providing principles and evidence-based guidelines.
A new study shows that horse populations on North America and Eurasia remained connected through the Bering Land Bridge, interbreeding multiple times over hundreds of thousands of years. The findings demonstrate genetic continuity between the horses that died out in North America and those domesticated in Eurasia.
A study using a mouse model of eccentric contraction revealed that icing injured muscles delays muscle regeneration. The phenomenon is linked to pro-inflammatory macrophages' ability to infiltrate damaged cells, delaying the healing process.
Fossils of land animals from South America found in Antilles, with species migrating via giant sunken islands. Researchers reconstructed Caribbean geography over 40 million years, revealing archipelagos and island connections.
A doctor and mother recounts her COVID-19 experience on ECMO respiratory support, spending 150 days in the hospital. She details her long battle to recover, including multiple lung complications, swallowing difficulties, and psychological trauma, but ultimately finds hope for a full recovery.
Concordia researchers report that over three-quarters of Iran's land is under extreme groundwater overdraft, primarily driven by agricultural demands. Urgent action is needed to address the growing crisis and prevent irreversible impacts on land and the environment.
A new approach to modeling infectious diseases considers ecological and anthropological contexts, predicting disease emergence and spread. This framework integrates disease agents into general ecosystem models, enabling scientists to simulate pathogen behavior and predict risk.
Researchers discovered a four-layered exoskeleton with distinctive micro-structure and chemical characteristics that restrict crack propagation and maximize strain energy release during deformation. Bio-mimetic structures fabricated via 3D printing demonstrated improved toughness and strength, guiding high-performance composites fabric...
A new study by University of Tsukuba researchers reveals how two receptors, DNAM-1 and TIGIT, maintain the necessary balance between immune activation and suppression to prevent autoimmune diseases. The findings suggest that an imbalance in this mechanism may contribute to autoimmunity, providing potential targets for treatment.
Researchers at the University of Oregon have discovered a cell division machinery in fruit flies that produces brain cells, revealing a mechanical cycle involved in differentiation. The study provides insights into brain development and potential regenerative therapies for injuries.
A randomized trial comparing a new, thin-strut bioresorbable scaffold with a metallic stent showed non-inferiority of the bioresorbable scaffold in terms of late lumen loss and covered struts. The trial's results may revitalize the concept of bioresorbable scaffolds.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that universal and selective interventions targeting young people can reduce the risk of most mental disorders. These interventions, such as psychoeducation and therapy, showed promise in preventing symptoms like ADHD, anxiety, and interpersonal violence.
Researchers have developed crystalline supermirrors with ultra-low optical absorption losses, opening up new applications in respiratory gas analysis, greenhouse gas detection, and molecular spectroscopy. These mirrors absorb less than 10 out of a million photons, significantly improving sensitivity for detecting trace gases.
A new study reveals that breast cancer survivors have a 20-44% higher risk of developing new cancer diagnoses compared to healthy individuals. The research identifies specific breast cancer subtypes and diagnosis ages associated with increased risk of subsequent primary cancers.
The Fannie and John Hertz Foundation has announced the 2021 recipients of the Hertz Fellowship, funding 12 PhD students working on groundbreaking projects. The fellows will receive five years of graduate research support, with a focus on improving treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
A Boston University study finds that state-level racial disparities in COVID-19 deaths are greater when accounting for age, revealing a significant impact of structural racism. The study quantifies these disparities and models their relationship with structural racism at the state level.
Researchers have uncovered genes that enable plants to make three key things: transport water and nutrients via xylem, produce lignin and suberin for drought protection, and regulate root meristem growth. These findings can be applied to crops like tomatoes and rice, potentially increasing their drought tolerance.
Graphene nanoribbons exhibit structural disorder due to missing carbon atoms, known as 'bite' defects. These imperfections degrade electronic device performance but offer promising opportunities for spintronic applications with unique magnetic properties.
A Salk study reveals the connection between CRTC3 and melanin production, finding that eliminating the protein can reduce melanoma cell aggression. The researchers also discovered two cellular communications systems converge on CRTC3, suggesting it as a potential target for developing new treatments.
A $1.2 million NSF EPSCoR grant will establish a new faculty position, support postdoctoral researchers and graduate students, and fund work on neutrino detection at IceCube and RNO-G observatories. The research aims to improve calibration of massive instruments and develop advanced data analysis techniques.
A new study by the University of Texas at Dallas examines the gray area between lobbying and bribery among multinational companies, especially in countries with weak institutional development. Firms from developed countries are more likely to influence host countries through lobbying, even when bribery is expected.
Researchers at Harvard Medical School analyze the genetic makeup of gut bacteria and find links to various diseases including coronary artery disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and liver cirrhosis. The study identifies groups of bacterial genes that can predict disease risk or identify presence, paving the way for developing tests.
COVID-19 patients are at risk of developing another bacterial, viral, or fungal infection simultaneously or subsequently. Research reveals that such co-infections can lead to poorer health outcomes for these patients.
A study by the University of Córdoba has identified holm oak trees that exhibit greater resistance and tolerance to drought stress, root rot, and high temperatures. These 'elite' specimens may be used as molecular markers for drought-tolerant trees in reforestation programs.
A NYITCOM researcher has secured a $1.6 million NIH grant to study the role of brain cells called astrocytes in regulating dopamine signaling. The study aims to identify new therapeutic treatments for clinical depression, which affects over 260 million people worldwide.
The summit will discuss strategies for Biden's infrastructure programs, their implications on the Korean New Deal, and opportunities for grand economic collaboration. It will also feature talks on integration of US national infrastructure investment plans and Korea's Digital Green New Deal.
A new mathematical model provides unique insights into the multiscale biological alterations in the elderly and neurodegenerative brain, linking genetic changes to cognitive decline. The study identified genes contributing to healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease progression, with implications for future treatment targets.
Researchers develop therapeutic strategy to disrupt sticky biofilm that causes early childhood caries, a severe form of dental decay. The treatment targets the bonds between bacteria and yeast, reducing biofilm volume and making it easier to remove.
Researchers found a predicted average annual production gain of 0.8% for large sampling of commercial US wind plants using wake steering. This technique increases power output by nearly 70% while maintaining energy generation costs.
Research from Brigham Young University found that providing social support to medical patients through group meetings and family sessions promotes healthy behaviors and increases survival rates. The study analyzed data from 106 trials involving over 40,000 patients, showing a significant impact on patient outcomes.
Researchers developed a tool using AI and text mining to analyze inspection reports, identifying urgent roof repairs and prioritizing spending. The 'Moneyball' approach uses data on buildings instead of subjective opinions to make informed decisions with limited budgets.
The global temperature rise will increase cooling degree days, leading to a higher energy demand for cooling buildings. In Switzerland, the energy demand for cooling is expected to increase significantly, with potential peaks on hot days.
Academic institutions must improve support for disabled faculty members, including those with visible and invisible disabilities. The commentary highlights the challenges created by high demands for grant money and frequent research publications, which can lead to reduced funding and staff retention.
A nanofiber filter made from polymer nanothreads captured 99.9% of coronavirus aerosols in an experiment, surpassing the effectiveness of commercial masks and air filters. The production technique, electrospinning, is cost-effective and scalable.
Researchers at Cornell University have identified DNA markers that determine grape flower sex and pinpointed the genetic origins of the perfect flower. This study provides breeders with a tool to screen seedlings for flower sex, reducing waste and increasing efficiency in breeding programs.
Researchers have discovered a new oxygen-coordinated molybdenum single atom catalyst that exhibits high nitrogen reduction reaction activity and stability in producing ammonia. The catalyst, anchored on activated carbon, shows promising results for efficient electrosynthesis of ammonia.
Researchers developed a novel method for labeling DNA bases using electrochemical detection and redox labels. This approach allows for the identification of individual nucleotides in a single strand of DNA, enabling faster and more affordable DNA sequencing and diagnostic applications.
Researchers have developed a new approach to analysing the forces at play behind diseased heart vessels, which could help cardiologists predict heart attacks in patients. The study used optical coherence tomography images to generate patient-specific reconstructions of coronary plaques and analyse stress concentrations.
A Washington State University study links alterations in hatchery-raised steelhead trout's epigenetic programming to reduced fertility and abnormal health. The research suggests that faster growth practices and environmental factors can lead to epigenetic changes passed down through generations, impacting wild fish populations.