A review of 23 studies found AI systems were less accurate than humans and radiologists in detecting breast cancer. The quality of methods used was poor, and the applicability to European or UK breast cancer screening programmes was low.
Researchers at Yale University found that aging immune cells within fat tissue lose their ability to produce heat in cold temperatures. Stimulating new production of these cells actually makes older mice more prone to cold-induced death.
Climate change is altering flooding patterns, with moderate storms producing less runoff due to increased soil moisture, but extreme storms causing more devastating flooding. The study's findings have significant implications for infrastructure design and flood risk mitigation strategies.
Researchers found that dogs respond differently to food rewards withheld intentionally versus unintentionally. Dogs waited longer in the 'unwilling' condition, indicating they can differentiate between purposeful and accidental actions.
A new study found that Arctic cod biomass and distribution will decline dramatically by the end of the century, while smaller fish like capelin and sand lance will become more prevalent. This shift may leave predators with less energy gained during foraging, forcing them to spend more energy to catch smaller fish.
A study by Greta Wengert and colleagues found that illegal cannabis farms overlap with habitat ranges of endangered Pacific fisher, threatened Humboldt marten, and northern spotted owl. The researchers mapped 1469 illicit cultivation sites using location data and compared them to habitat distribution models.
Research reveals a significant decline in kidney function among COVID-19 long-haulers and even those with mild infections. The study highlights the critical need for paying attention to kidney function and disease in caring for patients who have had COVID-19, as kidney problems can be silent and untreated until it's too late.
Researchers from India and Saudi Arabia have combined oxidation and photocatalysis to create a heterogeneous photo-Fenton system that degrades phenols at higher rates than individual approaches. The system is highly photostable and reusable, making it promising for practical applications in wastewater purification.
A study of 20 US cities reveals that urban intensity, characterized by paved landscapes and high population density, is a stronger correlate with mammal biodiversity than income. While the 'luxury effect' shows some correlation between income and biodiversity, it's not strong enough to explain the observed patterns.
A new analytics platform, RDCA-DAP, will be launched to accelerate rare disease treatment innovation by hosting and standardizing rare diseases data. The platform is expected to empower patients and families to drive innovation in the field.
A study published in BMJ Open found that brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on Twitter can deter adult smokers from considering using e-cigarettes. Conversely, some US adult smokers may be encouraged to use e-cigarettes after being exposed to tweets that claim they are completely harmless.
Researchers have genetically engineered cells that can deliver a biologic drug in response to inflammation, reducing inflammation and preventing bone damage in mice with rheumatoid arthritis. This approach could provide personalized treatments for arthritis patients, limiting side effects associated with current therapies.
Researchers from the University of Basel have found that nasal cartilage cells can withstand chronic inflammatory conditions and counteract inflammation in osteoarthritis. The approach involves using engineered cartilage tissue to repair or replace damaged joints, offering a promising alternative to joint prostheses.
Researchers created a bionic arm that combines intuitive motor control with touch and hand movement sensation, enabling wearers to think and behave like a person without an amputation. The system's bi-directional feedback and control allowed study participants to perform tasks with similar accuracy as non-disabled people.
A Swiss research team created a nanogenerator made from functionalized wood, generating 80 times more electricity than natural wood. The device can power household LED lamps and small electronic devices, demonstrating a potential sustainable energy source for smart buildings.
The Welch Institute has appointed Matthew Tirrell, a renowned material scientist, to chair its Scientific Advisory Board. His expertise in nanotechnology and biomolecular engineering will help the institute accelerate discovery and innovation in advanced materials.
Adults with heart disease living in rural areas experience higher levels of hopelessness and an increased risk of death. The study found that living in a rural setting is a significant risk factor for feelings of hopelessness among people with heart disease, which can more than triple the risk of death or heart attack.
A new study demonstrates that temporarily anesthetizing the retina of the non-amblyopic eye can lastingly improve vision in the amblyopic eye even after the critical period. The approach has shown promising results in two different mammal species, offering a potential pathway for a new and more effective treatment for amblyopia.
A study in the American Journal of Psychiatry found that women, combat medics, and those with an anxiety disorder diagnosis were at higher risk. The study identified factors that may help assess suicide risk in soldiers, including sociodemographic and service-related characteristics.
Researchers develop novel models to investigate the impact of drug-eluting stents on arterial tissue permeability and blood flow. The study identifies key factors contributing to restenosis near stent edges, highlighting potential avenues for design improvements.
A new USC study found that infants with histories of reported maltreatment are two to three times more likely to die from medical causes. Foster care placement was also found to reduce the risk of infant death due to medical causes by roughly half.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba reviewed the scientific literature on swimming hydrodynamics and identified key areas for improvement. They found that certain biomechanical aspects, such as velocity and drag forces, are not fully understood, but optimizing technique can lead to a competitive edge.
The sand industry is unsustainable due to rapid consumption, conflicting with eight of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Environmental and local human consequences are significant, including erosion, flooding, and polluted drinking water.
A new study assesses the impact of environmental policies on Amazon biodiversity, finding that 40-73,400 square miles of rainforest have been affected by fires since 2001. The research highlights the need for strong antideforestation policies and recognition of Indigenous lands to protect the region's biodiversity.
A large observational study in Scotland found that teachers and their household members had a lower risk of hospital admission with Covid-19 compared to the general population. The risk was around 50% lower during periods of school closure, but increased slightly when schools were open.
A new study finds that distinctive license plates in Greece are more likely to appear on luxury cars, suggesting a market for bribery to obtain more desirable plates. This phenomenon is seen as a form of conspicuous corruption, where the value of the plate lies not in its price but in the hint of rule-breaking.
A new machine learning technology can rapidly screen for genetic syndromes in children, considering facial variability related to sex, age, racial and ethnic background. This innovation has the potential to reduce health inequality in under-resourced areas worldwide.
A study by CHOP researchers reveals that children with autism on the autism spectrum who have impaired executive functioning skills face specific challenges in a school setting. The findings suggest that these challenges worsen as children experience adolescence, emphasizing the need for early intervention supports.
Researchers have discovered a new pathway in the brain that plays a key role in rewards and reinforcement. GABA neurons from the ventral tegmental area project to the nucleus accumbens shell, promoting reward processing. This finding offers new avenues for understanding psychiatric diseases such as depression and addiction.
Researchers analyzed skunk DNA to determine the correct number of species, revealing seven species, including the previously recognized four. The revised family tree highlights the distinct evolutionary lineages of each species, making conservation efforts more effective.
A UMD researcher has been awarded a $6 million grant from the US Department of Energy to create sustainable products like biofuels and bioplastics from food waste. The project aims to understand waste sources, characterize municipal solid waste, and produce renewable resources.
A new study by NYU researchers reveals that knowledge of an individual's personality can affect facial recognition, leading to biased perceptions. The study found that when participants believed two individuals had similar personalities, their faces were perceived as more similar, even if they lacked physical resemblance.
A study published in Science Robotics found that mutual gaze with a humanoid robot affects human neural activity and delays decision-making processes. Participants were slower to respond when the robot established mutual gaze during decision making, relative to averted gaze.
Moving experienced engineers between units reduces costs by 4.2% and $12.2 million, making it an effective way to promote learning and diffuse best practices
A systematic review of 169 conservation projects worldwide reveals that Indigenous and local communities are crucial for successful nature conservation. The study found that equitable conservation approaches, empowering local communities, yield positive outcomes for both humans and the environment. However, complex factors such as comm...
Researchers found a significant link between antibiotic use and an increased risk of developing colon cancer within five to ten years. The risk was highest for those taking antibiotics for over six months, with a 17% greater likelihood of colon cancer in the ascending colon compared to non-users.
The CAPTIVA trial will enroll 1,683 patients with symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis and determine if two new prospective therapies are more effective than aspirin plus clopidogrel at reducing the risk of a second stroke. Intensive medical management and lifestyle modifications will also be provided to all patients.
Physicists have developed a new method to identify and address imperfections in materials for quantum computing. The technique, terahertz scanning near-field optical microscopy, has been used to optimize fabrication protocols and reduce decoherence.
Severe eczema was associated with symptoms of depression and internalizing behaviors throughout childhood and adolescence. The observational study included 11,000 children from the United Kingdom.
A study by UC Berkeley researchers and Salinas Valley teens found that switching to green cleaning products can reduce users' exposure to up to 17 different harmful chemicals. The study, led by co-author Jessica Cabrera, showed an 86% decrease in chloroform exposure after making the switch.
A study found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received the rheumatoid arthritis drug baricitinib, in combination with the standard of care, died less often than those receiving only the standard of care. The COV-BARRIER trial showed a 5% reduction in 28-day and 60-day mortality.
Researchers develop efficient Ni-Co alloy nanoparticle catalysts for HDO reactions, achieving 100% selectivity and conversion efficiency. The synergistic effect of alloyed nanoparticles enhances deoxygenation activity and selectivity.
Researchers at the University of Central Florida developed a nanoparticle-based disinfectant that continuously kills viruses on surfaces for up to seven days. The discovery has antiviral activity against multiple viruses and could be a powerful tool against COVID-19 and emerging pathogenic viruses.
Researchers at Technical University of Munich have developed a new machine learning algorithm that can analyze complex markets and their equilibrium strategies. This breakthrough has potential applications in auction theory, wireless spectrum auctions, and more.
A new assessment indicates that higher emissions will significantly impact Venice's flood risk, emphasizing the need for improved projections and protection infrastructure. The study highlights the importance of accurate sea level projections and the potential for extreme events like meteotsunamis to exacerbate flooding.
After 7 days of recovery, participants did not fully recover on measures of attention, memory, and brain activity. Only reaction speed returned to baseline levels, highlighting the complexity of recovery from chronic sleep loss.
Researchers found that invasive shrubs absorb more sunlight and lower air temperatures on the forest floor, giving them a competitive advantage. This phenomenon may explain why invasive plants negatively impact bees, butterflies, and amphibians in forest understories.
A study of over 14,000 children found Midwestern kids have the highest body mass index (BMI) levels, while Western kids have the lowest. The research suggests regional influences may play a role in childhood obesity, with factors such as environmental exposures and mother's education also contributing to BMI.
A new study published in Neurology shows that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and depression are more likely to die over the next decade than those with MS alone or neither condition. The study also found a higher risk of developing vascular disease, such as heart attack and stroke, among individuals with both MS and depression.
A new study introduces a wild-grass chromosome segment that inhibits nitrification, reducing fertilizer use and nitrous oxide emissions in wheat crops. The technology has the potential to increase yields and grain quality in both well-fertilized and nitrogen-poor soils.
Researchers design a new strategy for producing pentanoic biofuels by synthesizing Ru metal nanoclusters confined within zeolite Y. This approach boosts chemoselectivity and promotes catalytic activity. The findings extend the notion of 'the closer, the better' into biomass catalysis.
A new study at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that individuals who choose their own exercise goals and start immediately are more likely to achieve significant increases in physical activity, with an average increase of 1,384 steps per day. This approach also leads to sustained high activity periods and maintai...
A study found that water dispensers could be a source of organophosphate ester exposure, with OPEs detected in the majority of samples. The researchers estimated daily consumption levels to be below health-risk thresholds, but highlighted the need for future research on suitable tubing materials.
Studies on mice and septic patients show that a specific B lymphocyte subpopulation produces large amounts of CD39, leading to increased adenosine levels and reduced macrophage activity. This results in heightened susceptibility to opportunistic infections, with survivors experiencing a sevenfold higher risk of severe infections.
A University at Buffalo researcher proposes that humpback whale songs are not similar to bird songs but rather dynamic and freeform vocalizations. The study reveals changes in the units within whale songs over time, suggesting a vocal flexibility that demonstrates the inadequacy of using human labels for sound production.
Researchers developed a method to scale up nanocages to trap noble gases like krypton and xenon. The team used commercial materials and found the optimal temperature range for trapping gas atoms inside the cages.
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) has released a new position statement on the management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The guidelines emphasize an individualized approach with regular follow-up to prevent fractures and maintain mobility and independence. Key findings include recommendations for calcium, vitamin D,...
A new brain model developed by researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital has identified specific forms of amyloid beta-protein and tau protein associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. The model uses induced pluripotent stem cell lines from over 50 individuals, providing a powerful experimental system for understandi...
Researchers created a novel molecular device that can be reconfigured multiple times using varying applied voltages, similar to the human brain's plasticity. The device retains information for future retrieval and processing, offering a potential solution to the von Neumann bottleneck.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified the PANoptosome, a complex that integrates multiple cell death pathways to protect against infections. This discovery offers new insights into the functional role of inflammasome sensors in innate immune responses.