Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have created a new outcome measure called 'Mitochondrial Myopathy-Composite Assessment Tool' (MM-COAST) to monitor disease severity in patients with mitochondrial disease. The tool evaluates key aspects of disease, including muscle weakness, fatigue, and exercise capacity, providing in...
Researchers found that spin-orbit coupling induces asymmetric interactions between electrons in chromium triiodide, affecting its topological excitations. This discovery could exist in other 2D van der Waals magnets and has implications for spintronics.
Researchers found that seniors moving from low-mortality areas to high-mortality areas experience a significant decrease in life expectancy. On the other hand, urban areas on the East and West Coasts have positive effects on longevity for seniors, while Midwestern metro areas score well. The study also identified parts of the deep Sout...
A new molecule discovered by researchers at University of Limerick in Ireland enables fast decision-making in computers, breaking the von Neumann bottleneck. The device can solve problems even if individual components fail, providing smaller, faster, and more energy-efficient computing.
Researchers have identified a new transport pathway for cellular waste that passes through the cell nucleus's membrane, allowing damaged proteins to be removed from the genome. This discovery has potential implications for treating cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
A team of researchers from Osaka University and international partners used intense mid-infrared laser pulses to alter magnetic anisotropy in a weak ferromagnet. They found that electronic excitation, rather than lattice heating, was responsible for the ultrafast change, enabling faster spintronics devices. This breakthrough has signif...
A study of rural schoolchildren found that behaviors leading to obesity decreased on school days compared to non-school days, while activity levels increased. The researchers recommend structured programs or schedules for children on non-school days to combat obesogenic behaviors.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a novel polymer membrane that can precisely separate ions, opening up new possibilities for technologies like water purification, mineral extraction, and energy storage. The membranes' precise control over pore size and uniformity makes them ideal for applications such as removing ions from seawater ...
Researchers discovered that cancer-associated mutations in blood progenitor cells lead to distinct changes in both cancer and non-cancer immune cells in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. This finding has potential implications for origins and therapy of the disease, suggesting a new approach to immune therapies.
The study reveals that corner states can be embedded into bulk states while being decoupled, forming bound states in the continuum. This discovery extends conventional topological BICs into higher-order cases, enabling robust and localized states in bulk spectra.
Researchers from Cleveland Clinic have published results showing that Temporally Feathered Radiation Therapy (TFRT) is a safe and feasible approach to reduce toxicity in radiation treatment. The technique optimizes radiation delivery time to improve normal tissue recovery, potentially improving patient quality of life.
Prof. Jae Youn Hwang's team developed an AI neural network module that can accurately extract buildings from aerial images for remote sensing. This technology can significantly improve the performance of extracting buildings from various aerial image domains.
A new study on Haleakala volcano's crater and great valleys proposes a landslide hypothesis to explain the formation of these features. The researchers suggest that a giant landslide on the volcano's northeastern flank displaced the surface, creating the valleys and crater. Another article presents detrital zircon research on Sierra Ne...
A study found that PAM scores were associated with lower health literacy and higher levels of depression and anxiety, but not with missed dialysis sessions or weight gain. The measurement may be picking up on other issues known to interfere with engaged care.
The study reveals that climate change affects the rate of decomposition and insect contributions to deadwood, releasing approximately 10.9 giga-tons of carbon worldwide annually
Researchers developed GripAble to improve arm function in stroke survivors with severe arm weakness. The device enables users to play arm-training games and track progress, achieving an average of 104 upper limb repetitions per day.
A Northwestern University study found that unionizing resident doctors does not reduce burnout, but provides additional benefits such as more vacation time and housing stipends. The study suggests that improving resident wellness requires a program-by-program approach, with implementing wellness toolkits being a promising solution.
The SARS-CoV-2 Lambda variant has been detected in over 30 countries worldwide, with rapid spread in Peru and low circulation in neighboring countries. The study found that the variant's infectivity is high, but its effects on clinical severity and vaccine effectiveness are poorly documented.
Researchers found a significant increase in suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and teens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency department encounters for these individuals also saw a substantial rise, highlighting the need for improved mental health support services.
A nationwide survey of US hospitals found a wide variety of approaches to newborn skincare, including the timing of the first bath. The researchers urge the formulation of more consistent guidelines built on hard evidence to improve care for babies born in US nurseries and mother-baby units.
Researchers at Yale University discovered that bacteria use hidden protein filaments called pili to pump out nanowires, which are the basis of nature's electrical grid. This finding opens up new possibilities for generating electricity, creating biofuels, and developing self-healing electronics.
Researchers at King's College London found that double vaccination significantly reduces the risk of Long COVID, with a 49% lower likelihood of contracting the virus. Fully vaccinated individuals also experience milder symptoms, fewer hospitalizations, and a lower burden of acute symptoms.
A new study found that immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective against HPV-positive head and neck cancers, with a potential therapeutic vaccination approach also being explored. Researchers discovered tumor-specific CD8 T cells in tumors from patients, which could provide a proliferative burst in response to PD-1 blockade.
Researchers from South Korea have developed a method to add metal oxides to graphene, enhancing its physical and chemical properties. This creates composite structures with unique characteristics, suitable for energy storage and flexible devices. The study's findings pave the way for biocompatible, durable, eco-friendly materials.
Researchers found that certain nanomaterials break down rapidly when exposed to light but decompose slowly in its absence. This discovery highlights the need for better understanding of nanomaterial behavior under environmental conditions.
A recent study reveals that ants, worms, spiders, and other tiny creatures have a built-in set of tools that maximize cutting efficiency thanks to the arrangement of individual atoms of zinc. This biomaterial allows animals to use less force, making their smaller muscles spend less energy.
A study of 277 drug-naive adolescents found a link between fingertip advanced glycation end products and the trajectory of psychotic symptoms. Baseline levels of these compounds predicted the risk of persistent psychotic symptoms, suggesting their involvement in the pathophysiology of early psychosis.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz have discovered that MXenes can be switched repeatedly between a flat and a rippled shape by applying femtosecond laser pulses. This discovery could lead to improved energy storage capacity, enhanced catalytic or antibiotic activity, and new applications in sensing and active plasmonic devices.
A study by Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center reveals that minor cells with mutations in the DDX41 gene can trigger a subset of inherited MDS cases. The research suggests that targeting these cells could lead to new treatment options for patients.
A team of Uppsala researchers has discovered the solution to finding a matching DNA template in the cell's busy interior, solving a 50-year-old puzzle. They use a CRISPR-based technique and microscopy to image the homologous recombination process, revealing that the search is reduced from three to two dimensions.
Fine root anatomy and function data from the FRED 3.0 database informs Earth system models predicting future climate changes. Meanwhile, 3D printed concrete smart walls demonstrate energy efficiency and potential cost savings in buildings.
Weekly saliva tests contributed to low transmission rates among students, teachers, and staff at schools serving children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Safety protocols, including masking and social distancing, helped maintain low transmission rates.
Researchers explored exosomal markers CD63 and CD9 in rectal adenocarcinoma. Higher expressions correlated with high NAR scores, suggesting prognostic significance. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation impact on exosomal marker expression was found, warranting further studies.
Researchers found that residents in San Francisco and Los Angeles reduced PM2.5 particulate matter by half indoors on smoky days, despite outdoor levels remaining three times higher. Newer homes with central air conditioning performed better at keeping wildfire smoke out.
The team designed a cascade for flow catalysis to convert glucose into trehalose in two steps using immobilised enzymes. They aim to optimise the process by improving substrate materials and making it more cost-efficient through recycling UTP.
A study found that palm phytoplasmas in Florida were transmitted by the American palm cixiid bug, originating from Jamaica. The research revealed a network of movement across the Caribbean basin, with distinct groups of insects found in different countries.
A study found that exposure to SARS-CoV-2-positive household members increased the risk of COVID-19 infection among vaccinated healthcare workers. Household exposure was associated with a higher infectious dose and contagiousness compared to casual or work-related exposure.
Researchers have discovered a uniquely shaped hot spot on a baby star 450 million light-years away, providing new clues about the formation of our solar system. The discovery confirms accretion models and sheds light on how young stars grow.
Researchers have discovered a molecular biomarker for the end-Permian plant extinction in South China, revealing synchronous extinction among continental and marine organisms. A study in Namibia reveals a preserved fjord-network morphology, allowing reconstruction of paleo-ice thicknesses and glacial dynamics.
Researchers analyzed epidemiological models to examine the impact of delayed public health orders in St. Louis, finding that a two-week delay could have resulted in nearly sevenfold more deaths by June 15. The study highlights the importance of early and coordinated implementation of local public health policies.
A novel COVID-19 vaccine candidate demonstrates high efficacy in preclinical models by stimulating the immune system and inducing a robust neutralizing antibody response. The vaccine protects against reinfection and provides better protection than natural immunity, making it a potential supplement to existing vaccines.
A UNIGE team has identified the Nf1 gene as essential for regulating the sleep-wake cycles of Drosophila. This discovery could help explain symptoms of neurofibromatosis, including sleep disturbance, and may provide new insights into the circadian rhythm.
A recent study by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment suggests that bioenergy crops can be produced on economically marginal land. The research team estimated that 1.4-2.2 million hectares in the rainfed region are suitable for bioenergy crop production on such land.
A large-scale UK study confirms that COVID-19 vaccines are effective in reducing severe illness and hospitalisation. The study found that people who received one or two vaccine doses had lower odds of severe disease or hospitalisation than unvaccinated individuals, with a significant reduction in long COVID cases.
A study published in The BMJ found that long-term exposure to air pollution below current standards is associated with higher mortality rates. Researchers analyzed data from eight European groups and found that even at low concentrations, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon were linked to increased natural deaths.
Researchers suggest that Vesta's large troughs were formed by rocks cracking apart due to the planet's weak gravity, contradicting a leading hypothesis. The study uses crater counting methods to explore the relative age of the basins and troughs, indicating they share a similar age.
Researchers found that genetically similar mice prefer each other's company, while PDE11 mutant mice show no preference for familiar friends. This discovery may indicate a biological basis for human social choices and improve healthcare outcomes.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Plant Science found that coastal grape growers in California can reduce irrigation levels by up to 50% during droughts without affecting crop yields or flavor profile. This reduction also leads to a decrease in water footprint and improved water use efficiency.
Researchers developed urine and blood biopsies to diagnose and monitor bladder cancer and peripheral nerve tumors. The tests could help patients avoid unnecessary surgeries and improve cancer management with accurate tumor detection at various stages.
Research in Saudi Arabia reveals multiple pulses of increased rainfall transformed the arid region into a hospitable route for human population movements. The discovery of thousands of stone tools shows changing human culture over time, documenting transition from Lower Palaeolithic Acheulean to Middle Palaeolithic technologies.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have found conclusive evidence that the Native Americans who built Poverty Point, a 72-foot-tall earthen mound, were highly skilled engineers with sophisticated technical knowledge.
A preclinical trial has found that boosting a naturally occurring protein family may reduce damage from ischemic strokes. The study, published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation, discovered that administering supplemental IAIP after an ischemic stroke reduced the size of the damaged area and improved functional recovery.
A Cornell-University of South Carolina-led report warns that warming oceans are driving North Atlantic right whales towards extinction. The calving rate has declined by 26% since 2010, with the population now estimated at just 356 whales.
Project 2VIDA! aims to increase access and use of COVID-19 vaccines in San Diego's most heavily affected neighborhoods. The program directly educates the public on vaccine safety and addresses health disparities through a door-to-door outreach approach.
Pengfei Cao, a polymer chemist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has been recognized for his significant contributions in polymeric materials science. He is the first ORNL scientist to win the award, which honors early-career emerging leaders who have made notable contributions within seven years of beginning their independent careers.
Two studies found that breathing humid and salt-enriched air reduced respiratory droplet generation by approximately 50% within 10 minutes. The study suggests this mechanism may contribute to the effectiveness of cotton face masks in reducing COVID-19 incidence and death.
A new USC study found a link between 'forever chemicals' and changes in glucose metabolism in Latina girls, potentially increasing their risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Researchers measured the impact of PFAS on glucose metabolism over time among adolescents and young adults.
A study by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that nearly 15% of college students were food-insecure. These students were 43% less likely to graduate from college and 61% less likely to attain a graduate or professional degree compared to non-food-insecure peers.