A phase II trial found that camizestrant significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 42-67% and improved median progression-free survival by 7.2-9.2 months compared to fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, including those with ESR1 mutations.
A spatial cell atlas of the developing human lung describes 144 cell types and their interactions, uncovering new links between developmental cells and lung cancer. The atlas provides a unique resource for understanding healthy lung development and investigating disease origins.
A national study found that Americans are moving to regions with the greatest risk of wildfires and significant summer heat, despite climate change projections. The top migration destinations were cities in the Pacific Northwest, parts of the Southwest, Texas, Florida, and the Southeast, which already face significant wildfire risks.
A new study by Bayes Business School found that co-working spaces can initially support collective exploration but ultimately inhibit collaborative practices. The study suggests that firms leave the space as interactions become less meaningful and stilted over time.
Researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University discovered three novel STAT1 variants that cause Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) in response to the BCG vaccine. The variants result in loss of function of the STAT1 protein, preventing an appropriate immune response.
A new study aims to assess habitat quality by analyzing arthropod food resources in bird diets and vegetation, providing an effective and cost-efficient way for DoD land managers to monitor threatened species. The project uses advanced genetic approaches and bioinformatics expertise to measure habitat quality on military installations.
Researchers found that Kellet's whelk larvae are susceptible to developmental abnormalities and mortality at high temperatures, with half of hatchlings dying off at 27.6°C and veligers more resistant to defects at 24.9°C
Purdue University professor Klein Ileleji's startup JUA Technologies International aims to improve crop drying methods using a high-efficiency, smart solar dehydrator. The grant will support product-design improvements and manufacturing, enabling small growers to add value to their crops and increase income.
Researchers aim to provide the highest quality of care possible by understanding the sound environment of child care centers. A 48-hour monitoring period and staff evaluations helped identify factors influencing child and provider experiences.
A University of Queensland study analyzing almost three million chess moves found that wearing a mask reduces the average quality of player decisions due to annoyance caused by the masks. The effect subsides after four to six hours of playing, suggesting mask-wearing impact depends on task type and duration.
A study published in PLoS Genetics reveals the mechanism by which a selfish gene in yeast, wtf4, enables its function using a poison-antidote strategy. This strategy involves the production of poison protein that can kill spores, but is countered by an antidote protein produced only by those spores that inherit the drive allele.
A new 2D superatomic-molecule theory unifies the aromaticity rule of π-conjugated systems, explaining local aromaticity and stability through superatomic bonds. The theory provides direct chemical insights into the electronic structure of C60 and graphene, enabling band gap engineering.
Researchers at Tsinghua University Press developed a gold-based hybrid material that enhances the efficiency of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) through cucurbit[6]uril modification. The material allows for tunable CO2 enrichment and selective adsorption, leading to improved catalytic performance.
A new study published in Cell Host & Microbe found that mice offspring from fiberolean mothers gained striking amounts of weight when fed a Western-style diet. The research suggests that microbial diversity plays a crucial role in obesity development, and that fiber is only beneficial if it's metabolized by beneficial bacteria.
A global study published in Nature finds that the unvaccinated face significant prejudice in most countries, with many vaccinated people harboring discriminatory attitudes towards them. The study suggests that this prejudice could lead to severe consequences for society, including hindered vaccination uptake and increased mistrust.
A team of scientists found that Americans are moving to regions prone to wildfires, defying expectations that natural hazards would deter migration. The study suggests that economic factors play a larger role in migration decisions in metropolitan areas, where people are drawn to desirable landscapes with higher year-round temperatures.
Researchers have created a new metal alloy that boasts the highest recorded toughness, with properties that improve at lower temperatures. The alloy, CrCoNi, exhibits exceptional strength and ductility, making it ideal for structural applications, despite most materials becoming brittle at low temperatures.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers blood vessel formation in fat tissues, leading to thermogenic metabolism and significant weight loss. Blocking this process with an antiangiogenic drug restored weight loss in mice and hamsters infected with the virus.
Younger breast cancer patients who paused endocrine therapy to pursue pregnancy experienced similar short-term rates of breast cancer recurrence as those who continued therapy. The study found that many women were able to conceive and deliver healthy babies, with conception and childbirth rates comparable to the general public.
Research by the American Psychological Association reveals that gig workers relying on tips, commissions, and performance bonuses experience worse physical health symptoms, including poor sleep quality and headaches. Businesses and lawmakers are advised to consider implementing more stable forms of compensation to protect workers' health.
A team from Tohoku University has developed an efficient synthesis of (-)-quinine, a key compound in malaria treatment, enabling further medication development. The new method uses organocatalyst-mediated reactions, reducing the number of steps and chemical waste.
Researchers have developed chemically modified nanosheets that can effectively deliver drugs to diseased cells, reducing side effects. The nanosheets, made from molybdenum disulphide, can exchange natural thiols with attached ligands, allowing for targeted drug delivery.
Researchers aim to reduce disparities in dementia diagnosis and treatment with a 5-minute screening tool. The study will enroll 6,600 participants in urban and rural communities.
A new computational tool can generate an optimal design for a complex fluidic device without requiring manual assumptions about its shape. The system uses anisotropic materials to represent tiny voxels, allowing it to create smooth curves and intricate designs that other methods cannot.
Researchers developed a Sr-Nd isotope baseline for the Silk Road regions, enabling accurate provenance of plant-ash glass. The study confirmed multiple origins of the glass, including Central Asia and Mesopotamia.
Researchers in New Zealand and Australia created metallic nanocrystals by experimenting with gallium, a soft metal that liquifies at room temperature. The resulting 'metallic snowflakes' exhibit six-branched symmetry and self-assemble using atoms, offering a novel bottom-up approach to nanostructure formation.
The authors propose a new concept for MDM spectroscopy and demonstrate the first integrated mode-division demultiplexing spectrometer. The spectrometer combines mode demultiplexing and spectral detection by dispersion of structure and photocurrent measurement, achieving high spectral resolution.
Scientists at KTH Royal Institute of Technology have developed a method to harness electricity from wood placed in water, producing small amounts of bioelectricity. By nanoengineering the wood's surface area and porosity, they improved electricity generation by 10 times compared to natural wood.
Research in tropical forests reveals that nitrogen-fixing trees are vulnerable to herbivory by insects, limiting their growth and survival. This constraint could undermine reforestation efforts and the role of these trees in sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
Tricia King's project aims to create personalized treatment plans for brain cancer survivors by identifying environmental, clinical, and genetic risk factors. The research has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for patients with various types of cancer.
Researchers found that oscillations between extreme wetness and aridity in California were closely linked with wildfires during the 8.2-kiloyear event. The study suggests that hydroclimate fluctuations will become more common due to global warming, leading to an increase in wildfire activity.
A review of 75 publications found significant knowledge gaps on health inequities affecting the LGBTQ+ community and minority groups, including American Indian and Alaska Native individuals. The study emphasizes the importance of investigating barriers to clinical studies and medical trainee recruitment in under-resourced areas.
A recent guidance framework highlights substantial gaps in biosecurity policies for dual-use research of concern and work proposing to enhance pandemic pathogens. Experts suggest expanding pathogen governance and making risk assessments publicly available.
Researchers developed a two-dimensional homogeneous bias device using moderate pressure, overcoming weak interlayer coupling in magnetic materials. The device exhibits excellent exchange bias effects due to atomically smooth magnetic interfaces.
Researchers developed a novel separator using graphene oxide, acetylene black and polypropylene to suppress lithium polysulfide dissolution and improve lithium-ion transportation. The new separator enables efficient Li-S batteries with better performance and stability.
Researchers observed a gamma-ray burst that defied categorization, sparking an international investigation. The team discovered a kilonova, a smoking-gun proof of neutron star collision, which challenged existing theories on short gamma-ray bursts.
A study of 510 children with chronic kidney disease found that declining hemoglobin levels were associated with significant growth impairment even when above guideline-targeted levels. Lower hemoglobin values are linked to poorer growth, independent of kidney function and age.
Researchers have overcome the low reactivity of biobased secondary diols in polyester synthesis by incorporating an aryl alcohol. This leads to high molecular weight materials with improved mechanical- and thermal properties, outperforming existing plastics like PET.
Researchers developed a device capable of taking hundreds of times more electrochemical measurements than conventional devices, enabling the analysis of molecular mechanisms that enable microorganisms to efficiently generate electricity. The technique can also be used to analyze materials interacting with microorganisms.
The study reveals that strong exothermic reactions between dendritic lithium and dissolved higher-order polysulfides drive the temperature rise of deeply cycled lithium-sulfur pouch cells. Inhibiting the polysulfide shuttle is essential to improve thermal safety.
A nasal spray has shown promising results in treating obstructive sleep apnea by preventing airway narrowing during sleep. The treatment, which targets specific receptors on the upper airways, improved airway stability and was well-tolerated in a small clinical trial.
Using circulating tumor cell (CTC) count to guide treatment decisions between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy improved overall survival in patients with metastatic, estrogen receptor-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. CTC count-based strategies resulted in better long-term outcomes for patients with high vs. low CTC counts.
Researchers at UCSF and Arc Institute have discovered a cellular uptake pathway for larger drug molecules composed of linked subunits. This knowledge can be harnessed to create new drugs that are efficiently taken up by target cells, overcoming a fundamental challenge in drug discovery.
A research team from Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a new design for online measurement of atmospheric H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes using an open-path and anti-pollution multi-pass cell. The cell's unique coating design improved stability and durability, achieving accuracy comparable to commercial instruments.
A joint research team used an eco-morphodynamic model to predict the future landscape evolution of Naeseongcheon Stream in Korea. The model simulated vegetation growth and development, resulting in a 20% tree cover by 2031. This modeling can aid decision-making for river and vegetation management.
Researchers found that activating the non-mutated form of P53 can change the fundamental makeup of cancer stem cells in mouse models of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This new therapy approach shows promise for treating this lethal form of salivary gland cancer.
A new study published in British Journal of Sports Medicine found that former professional football players, particularly linemen, tend to develop age-related diseases earlier than the general population. The research team analyzed data from nearly 3,000 former NFL players and found their health spans were reduced by nearly a decade. T...
Lei Fang's NSF-funded project models interactions between active matter and transport barriers to improve understanding of ocean currents and drone technologies. The study uses a laboratory flow system with tiny zooplankton, brine shrimp, to examine the effect of their movement on transport barriers.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai found that estrogen can prevent symptoms of delirium in mice with urinary tract infections, reducing IL-6 levels in the blood and protecting neurons. The study suggests estrogen may be a tool to mitigate delirium, particularly in older women with UTIs.
Researchers from Kumamoto University reveal how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells orchestrate intestinal tissue repair through microbial signals. The study found that acute gut inflammation triggers the activation and expansion of immune progenitor cells, which migrate to lymph nodes to promote tissue repair.
Researchers at UCSF have uncovered a cellular uptake pathway important for larger molecules, enabling the creation of new drugs for cancer and other diseases. The discovery of an endogenous pathway involving interferon-induced transmembrane proteins promotes the efficient entry of diverse linked chemotypes into target cells.
A study by the University of Eastern Finland and Vietnam National University found that people in urban areas have better access to healthcare than suburban residents. The researchers recommend digital healthcare solutions to improve healthcare quality and accessibility in a cost-effective manner.
Researchers found that HOXA5 binds to IκB-α, boosting its cancer-suppressing properties and inhibiting NF-kappa B's transcription of cancer-causing genes. This helps prevent breast cancer formation by 'putting brakes' on an inflammatory pathway.
Research found that widespread electric vehicle adoption will significantly reduce air pollution and associated mortality in US metropolitan areas, with Los Angeles projected to see 1,163 fewer premature deaths annually. Electric vehicles could bring up to $12.61 billion in economic health benefits by 2050.
A modelling study published in Scientific Reports found that diplodocid tails were unlikely to create a supersonic boom due to their slow movement speed. The authors simulated tail movements using a model and found that adding hypothetical structures to the end of the tail did not allow it to reach the speed of sound without breaking.
A team of astronomers used JWST images to piece together the death of a 500-million-year-old star, which created shrouds of gas and left a remnant dense white dwarf. The study reveals evidence of two or three companion stars that hastened its death, with implications for supernovae and gravitational wave systems.
A nationwide retrospective study showed that adjuvant chemotherapy after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery significantly improved overall survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, regardless of lymph node status or resection margins. The study included nearly 900 patients and was published in JAMA Oncology.
In a surprising twist, researchers found that starving Argentine ants exercise caution when foraging in high-risk environments, unlike expectations. This counterintuitive strategy may contribute to their success as an invasive species and agricultural pest.
Dr. Keith Chan joins Houston Methodist to enhance chemoimmunotherapy responses in bladder cancer, while also expanding research into pancreatic and skin cancers. He will lead translational research and mentor next-generation cancer researchers.
A new study has shed light on how the most commonly used ADHD medication, methylphenidate, works in the brain. The research found that methylphenidate increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens and improves coordinated brain network activity, resulting in more stable sustained attention in children with ADHD.