Researchers develop low-cost and eco-friendly method for high efficiency CIGSSe solar cells, achieving power conversion efficiency larger than 17%, by using aqueous spray deposition in air environment.
A study analyzing DNA samples from over 200 dog breeds and nearly 50,000 pet-owner surveys pinpointed genes behind canine behavioral traits. The researchers found that common sets of genes were responsible for behaviors among dog breeds well-suited for similar tasks, such as hunting or herding.
A phase III clinical trial found that adding the AKT inhibitor capivasertib to fulvestrant doubles median progression-free survival in patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitors. This improvement is associated with a lower risk of tumor progression and manageable side effects.
A prudent approach to health and care incorporates patient values and focuses on high-impact work. By prioritizing people's needs and values, the health and social care system can tackle health inequalities and achieve better outcomes.
Researchers found non-heavy alcohol use associated with liver fibrosis and at-risk nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a large cohort of participants. The study highlights the importance of reducing alcohol intake and adherence to US Dietary Guidelines for liver health.
Research found that three to four one-minute bursts of vigorous physical activity per day can lead to significant reductions in mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer. The study, led by the University of Sydney's Charles Perkins Centre, used wrist-worn tracker data from UK Biobank to measure incidental physical activity.
A new study finds that areas with high levels of arsenic contamination in drinking water have a higher prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli in both water and child stool samples. The study highlights the potential for environmental drivers like arsenic to contribute to antimicrobial resistance.
A team led by UMass Amherst scientist Margaret Stratton is studying the calcium-sensitive protein CaMKII to understand long-term memory and its potential therapeutic applications. The research has far-reaching implications for treating neurologic diseases, cardiac dysfunction, and infertility.
A recent study found that Denisovan DNA sequences near immune-related genes in modern Papuans regulate their activity, affecting how people respond to infections. The research suggests that Denisovan DNA contributed to the adaptation of early modern humans living in New Guinea and nearby islands.
Researchers developed biocomposites from corn stover and switchgrass for 3D printing with satisfactory properties. A national hydropower testing facility network can accelerate innovation and adoption of clean energy technologies. An EV truck stop design enables megawatt-scale charging, reducing carbon emissions.
A team of scientists has developed a novel method to demonstrate a high-purity longitudinal femtosecond laser field, enabling the creation of 10nm features in sapphire with unprecedented resolution. The technique uses an 800nm wavelength femtosecond laser source and spatial light modulators to produce a high-quality annular beam with r...
A new study reveals that HOXA5 binds to protein IκB-α, boosting its cancer-suppressing properties and reducing the development of breast cancers. The presence of HOXA5 suppresses malignancy in breast epithelial cells by blunting NF-κB action.
A study found that genetic variants near ERAP2 and TICAM2 provided protection against Yersinia pestis, the bacterium responsible for the Black Death. These variants were also associated with improved detection and resistance to other pathogens, but at a cost: increased risk of autoimmune disorders like Crohn's disease.
Researchers visualized the (pro)renin receptor's protein binding site and found hand-shaped grooves allowing for multiple protein binding. The study provides new insight into disease pathogenesis and aids in exploring novel treatments.
An interdisciplinary team from Erlangen has found a new treatment for Huntington's disease by accelerating the degradation of a specific messenger molecule necessary for protein synthesis. This reduces the huntingtin level in patients, offering new hope for long-term implementation of RNA-modifying approaches for fatal diseases.
Researchers found the emerald ash borer completes its life cycle in one year in North Carolina, contrasting with a two-year cycle in northern US. This knowledge will aid in releasing parasitoid wasps to manage the insect.
A University of Houston researcher has developed a method to describe complex systems using the least number of variables possible, reducing complexity from millions to just one. This advancement speeds up science with efficiency and ability to understand and predict natural system behavior.
A University of Otago study found that rising ocean temperatures stunt spore settlement and germination in giant kelp. Temperatures above 23.8°C significantly decline germ-tube length, highlighting the vulnerability of early life stages in this valuable ecosystem engineer.
A study found that antibodies to common antibiotic gentamicin are associated with an increased risk of progression to type 1 diabetes in children already genetically at risk. The researchers also identified an association between the FUT2 gene and the production of these antibodies, which may be compounding risks for type 1 diabetes.
A team of researchers from Tsinghua University Press has developed a strategy to tackle the challenges of lithium metal anodes using hard carbon hosts. The study found that introducing lithiophilic sites and localized high-concentration electrolytes can moderate dendrite growth and inhibit volume expansion, resulting in a dendrite-free...
The special issue explores key characteristics of ethical codes, their underlying values, and challenges in implementing them. Studies highlight common ethical values across cultures, emphasizing the importance of autonomy and care in early childhood education.
A UCLA team developed a system that compresses images using AI and decodes them using an optical decoder made from a 3D-printed plastic sheet. The tech can project high-resolution 3D holograms with lower power consumption, enabling wearable technology with higher image quality.
A national US study found that people with disabilities who misuse opioid drugs are 73% more likely to attempt suicide. The study, which looked at over 38,000 adults, also found that those with disabilities were more likely to have serious thoughts of suicide and make a plan or attempt to take their own life.
Researchers analyzed 119 articles from the Lit Covid database to understand how researchers use ethnoracial categories in biomedical studies. The study found that many articles used terms 'race' or 'ethnicity' without clear definitions, leading to confusion and misinterpretation of research findings.
A new study reveals that fjords store 11-12% of the ocean's carbon, making them small but mighty planetary 'thermostats' that regulate temperature. Fjords are highly reactive, releasing carbon back into the atmosphere during glacial periods.
A Cedars-Sinai study found that even subtle forms of liver disease directly impact heart health, with elevated FIB-4 scores associated with abnormalities in heart function and vascular dimension. Cardiac MRI scans revealed that nearly 86% of patients had at least one heart abnormality.
A pilot study found that incorporating yoga into a regular exercise routine reduces systolic blood pressure and resting heart rate, improving 10-year cardiovascular risk. Yoga was more effective than stretching exercises alone in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Researchers used cryo-electron microscopy to study mitoribosome assembly in yeast and humans, revealing similarities and differences in protein involvement and RNA folding. The findings provide insights into molecular complexity and diversity, with potential implications for severe diseases such as Perrault syndrome.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have solved a long-standing puzzle about cubic silicon carbide's thermal conductivity, which is higher than previously thought. The team measured an isotropic high thermal conductivity of over 500 W m–1 K–1, ranking it second only to diamond.
Researchers at Florida State University have found that aspartame, a common artificial sweetener, can cause anxiety-like behavior in mice. The study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, suggests that aspartame's effects extend up to two generations from exposure, affecting male mice and their offspring.
The Aston University Institute for Forensic Linguistics is part of the AUTHOR research consortium, which aims to infer authorship of uncredited documents based on writing style. The project will focus on feature discovery and has promising applications in identifying counterintelligence risks and combating misinformation online.
Research at the University of British Columbia found that intensive agriculture has driven rapid evolutionary change in waterhemp, a North American native plant, turning it into a problematic weed. The study compared genetic samples from modern farms and historical specimens to track evolution over two centuries.
Research reveals significant disparities in perinatal outcomes between babies born to Black and white mothers in high-income countries, with Black women experiencing twice the neonatal mortality rate. The study analyzed 2.2 million pregnancies across 20 countries, highlighting systemic issues that need international attention.
Researchers found that when nursing mother mice are fed a low-fiber diet, their offspring's microbiome is permanently altered, resulting in gut inflammation and obesity. The study suggests that regular fiber intake helps fuel the microbiome, allowing diverse bacteria to thrive.
New research finds that White Americans' beliefs about their own poverty influence their attitudes towards the poor and support for welfare policies. These effects are strongest among those experiencing status threat from Black people, suggesting a motivation to maintain racial status quo.
Graham Collier's research aims to streamline synthetic polymer production using pyrrolopyrrole building block, reducing steps and natural resource usage. The project could lead to faster, more sustainable electronics production and contribute to KSU's mission as a top-tier research university.
A new Lancet Series reveals racism, xenophobia, and discrimination as fundamental drivers of health inequities worldwide. These social and political factors have profound effects on the health of disadvantaged populations, including higher mortality rates, poorer health outcomes, and limited access to healthcare.
Researchers discovered the cellular mechanism and molecular trajectory for formation of adult pluripotent stem cells in the acoel worm Hofstenia miamia. This study provides insight into regenerative abilities of certain animals and may lead to new understanding of how stem cells are made.
A recent study has unveiled how nucleotide excision repair (NER) is controlled at the molecular level, shedding light on its role in cancer treatment. The research revealed that TFIIH uses XPG to stimulate motor activity and locate damaged DNA, licensing XPG nuclease activity to excise it.
Scientists analyze past El Niño events to better understand climate patterns over the past 12,000 years. They found that Eastern Pacific events have increased in frequency, while Central Pacific and Coastal events have decreased, resulting in changes in hydroclimate in the tropical Pacific.
A team of researchers has discovered a new mechanism to inhibit the critical enzyme in the respiratory chain, making it effective against drug-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The findings could lead to the development of novel antibiotics with a different mechanism of action.
Researchers have synthesized 2D tin selenide nanosheets with remarkable piezoelectricity, enabling the development of self-powered wearable health tracking devices. The synthesis technique and performance of these nanosheets were improved using chemical vapor deposition.
A study by University of Liège researchers provides insight into the mechanisms of Smilodon's biting efficiency, using high-precision 3D scans and simulation methods. The results show that sabre-toothed predators can effectively hunt despite their long canine teeth.
Scientists have developed a new composite material that exhibits excellent gamma-ray shielding performance, 10 times higher than epoxy. Crystal plane engineering plays a crucial role in regulating the electron density of MAPbI3/epoxy composites, improving their ability to absorb radiation.
A recent study by Chalmers University of Technology reveals that many vegetarian meat substitutes sold in Sweden are low in iron and zinc due to phytates. The researchers analyzed 44 different products and found that even fortified ones still contain phytates, which inhibit absorption.
Research reveals that Florida's incredible plant diversity was shaped by the peninsula's repeated growth and shrinkage during ice ages. Scrub mints, a unique group of plants endemic to the southeastern US, radiated into multiple new species as they became isolated on islands due to sea level changes.
A genomic evaluation reveals human-driven genetic mutations that made waterhemp herbicide-resistant and widespread. The plant thrived under agricultural intensification, competing with crops like soy and corn.
Researchers used hydrophones to monitor two deep-sea hydrothermal vents, finding that they produce subtle sounds near the low end of human hearing range. Characterizing these sounds can help predict and prevent environmental impacts of deep-sea mining.
A new American Heart Association scientific statement highlights the potential benefits and risks of complementary and alternative therapies for heart failure. The statement advises healthcare professionals to discuss CAM use with patients, monitor medication interactions, and consider pharmacists' consultations.
A five-year project aims to restore the declining Emory oak tree population critical to Western Apache tribal communities for food and cultural purposes. The DISES initiative will support holistic landscape-level approaches to understand threats to these woodlands and inform conservation efforts.
Researchers developed a simple and accurate method for markerless gait analysis, combining RGB camera-based pose estimation with IMU sensor data. The new technique outperformed existing methods in measuring gait parameters and joint angles, showing significant promise for clinical settings and diverse applications.
A new, non-invasive malaria detection tool developed by a University of Queensland-led team can quickly identify entire villages or towns suffering from the disease. The device uses infrared-light and is chemical-free, needle-free, and detects malaria through the skin.
A new mesoscopic oblique plane microscopy method captures up to three times more resolvable image points than other similar systems, enabling whole-body volumetric recordings of neuronal activity and blood flow dynamics. The technique allows for single-cell tracking within the complete 3D circulation system for the first time.
A study found that those who had COVID-19 in early 2020 were more likely to experience clinically meaningful levels of anxiety after 13 months. The researchers also identified possible reasons for the increased risk, including pre-existing mental health conditions and lifestyle factors.
Researchers developed a new lidar technique using 3D flash lidar combined with super-resolution algorithm for hazard avoidance during landing. The technique improved the precision and safety of robotic vehicles on Mars, enabling them to navigate through challenging environments.
Researchers identified two molecularly distinct subsets of long COVID symptoms with opposing gene expression patterns during acute COVID-19. These findings suggest multiple independent processes leading to different long COVID symptoms, which are already present during the acute infection.
G-Quadruplex DNA structures play a crucial role in regulating genes and cell processes, but their visualization is challenging due to the dynamic nature of double standard DNA. Fluorescence-active small molecule probes have emerged as a real-time visualization method, enabling researchers to detect G-quadruplexes with high selectivity.
Two crops, celery and cordifolium, were cultivated using reused medium from domestic wastewater and standard Hoagland nutrient solution. The results showed that the reused medium was effective in promoting plant growth, with cordifolium exhibiting better performance than celery, despite initial salt toxicity issues.
AlphaCode demonstrates impressive code-generation abilities, solving complex programming tasks with critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It achieves an overall average ranking within the top 54.3% of human participants on Codeforces' problems, showcasing its potential to revolutionize programming productivity.
Researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University have discovered the role of a tiny cellular machine called TRiC in directing protein folding, contradicting a 70-year-old theory. The study's findings have profound implications for treating diseases linked to protein misfolding, such as certain cancers and neu...