A Tohoku University researcher has increased the performance of a high-power electrodeless plasma thruster, moving closer to deeper space explorations. The breakthrough enables more efficient use of radiofrequency power to generate thrust energy in magnetic nozzle plasma thrusters.
A new strategy has been developed to inhibit creep in metals by creating stable grain boundary networks. This approach enhances creep resistance, outperforming conventional superalloys. The research aims to improve high-temperature creep resistance in advanced alloys for industries such as energy and chemical processing.
A new study on rhesus macaques reveals a strong link between social connections and the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria. Monkeys with more sociable behavior have a higher presence of microbes like Faecalibacterium, which has anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers found variable voltages in breast cancer cell membranes, which may indicate an electrical communication network between cells. This discovery could lead to new treatments by disrupting this network, potentially making cancer cells easier to treat.
A case study reports an HIV-positive patient with a painful ulcer at the corner of their mouth as the first sign of monkeypox infection. The patient received antiviral treatment and made a recovery.
The Society for Neuroscience is supporting a record 272 neuroscience trainees through the Trainee Professional Development Award (TPDA) program. The awardees will receive registration, travel stipends, and opportunities to network with peers and senior researchers.
Researchers discovered that Inonotus obliquus conks parasitizing on Alnus incana contain bioactive compounds similar to those found on Betula species, including betulinic acid with potent anti-cancer effects. The study also highlights the potential economic value of cultivating this fungus on alder trees.
Researchers from Aarhus University found that seal pups can distinguish and react differently to various rhythms. This study provides a significant step forward in understanding human musicality and language development.
Researchers at UTA developed a novel spectroscopic tool using auger-mediated positron sticking to measure electronic structure of surface materials selectively. This technique allows for selective measurement of top-layer properties, enabling researchers to understand material's conductivity and behavior.
A new project at Aarhus University aims to develop Denmark's first reactor for carbon-negative hydrogen production from biogas using catalytic pyrolysis. The technology converts captured CO2 into solid form while producing hydrogen, reducing energy consumption by one-fifth compared to green hydrogen production.
A new tool predicts the risk of hospital readmission for children before discharge, utilizing electronic health record data. This comprehensive prediction model can be implemented in real-time during a hospital stay to tailor discharge planning, potentially reducing readmission rates and freeing up scarce pediatric beds.
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a new material made from egg whites that can efficiently remove salt and microplastics from seawater. The aerogel material has significant benefits due to its low cost, energy efficiency, and effectiveness in water filtration.
A recent study examines the environmental sustainability practices of dialysis facilities in Australia and New Zealand, revealing multiple areas for improvement. The survey-based study identified opportunities to reduce waste and resource consumption, with only 33% of facilities responding to the survey indicating a lack of prioritizat...
A new study at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience has examined how the dopamine system processes aversive events. The researchers found that the release of dopamine gradually decreased during exposure to unpleasant stimuli, and stimuli preceding such exposure began to have a similar depressing effect on dopamine neurons.
Researchers have introduced novel ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots that efficiently drive challenging organic transformations with low toxicity. The secret to their success lies in their core/shell structure and variable coatings that can store light energy.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo found that rats can move their heads in time to music, demonstrating innate beat synchronization. The optimal tempo for nodding along depends on the brain's time constant, similar across species, suggesting a widespread ability among animals to interact with music.
Researchers found drastic differences in microglia marker Iba1 and factors influencing Sirt1 levels and activity between elder groups. Preserving microglia and Sirt1 functional efficiency is crucial for longevity.
This cross-sectional study investigated emergency department clinicians' concerns about medical errors resulting in either patient harm or malpractice litigation. The findings highlight the emotional toll of these errors on clinicians, including feelings of guilt, anxiety, and burnout.
Despite Illinois' strong stock inhaler laws, school administrators cite difficulty obtaining prescriptions and liability concerns as barriers to implementation. A study found that 35% of stakeholders cited prescription issues and liability fears, highlighting the need for enhanced education and verbiage to alleviate these concerns.
Researchers at Duke University have developed a new method called 3D Tracking and Imaging Microscopy (3D-TrIm) to capture real-time 3D footage of viruses approaching cells. This technique combines two microscopes in one, allowing scientists to study the early moments before infection begins and how viruses navigate complex barriers.
A Rice University bioengineer has developed a noninvasive technology to measure gene expression in deep tissues, particularly in the brain. This innovation could improve the monitoring of gene therapy treating neurodegenerative disorders such as epilepsy, ALS, and Huntington's disease.
A new study found that repeat SARS-CoV-2 infections contribute significant additional risk of adverse health conditions in multiple organ systems, including hospitalization, lung problems, heart conditions, and death. The researchers recommend strategies to prevent or reduce the risk of reinfection.
Astronomers used the Young Supernova Experiment to detect an intermediate-mass black hole in a dwarf galaxy, revealing its mass and providing insight into supermassive black hole growth. The study aims to improve understanding of black hole-galaxy relationships and inform theories on supermassive black hole formation.
The discovery pushes back the timeline of pre-Neanderthal hominins in Europe by 200,000 years, with the site yielding over 300 well-preserved footprints. The findings have significant implications for our understanding of human evolution and dispersal in the Middle Pleistocene.
Speckle-correlation imaging technique extends its field of view by considering a limited memory effect. Researchers proposed an algorithm to extrapolate the correlation in reconstruction, estimating object and decay simultaneously.
A new study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that a PET/MRI machine learning model can reliably distinguish between patients with and without lymph node metastases. This breakthrough technology has the potential to eliminate sentinel lymph node biopsy, a common procedure for breast cancer treatment.
Researchers identified Spns2, an S1P transporter, as a novel drug target for Multiple Sclerosis treatment. Targeting this protein may improve safety profiles and reduce side effects associated with current therapies.
Engineers and chemists at the University of Illinois have combined electron microscopy and data mining to visualize chemical and physical alteration within ion batteries. The study reveals patterns of nucleation, growth, and coalescence that can inform the development of better rechargeable battery performance.
Researchers from SickKids have uncovered new genes and genetic changes associated with autism spectrum disorder, including 134 linked genes and gene copy number variations. The study offers a better understanding of the 'genomic architecture' underlying this disorder.
Researchers develop acoustic assembly method to create stretchable conductive circuits using liquid metal particles. The approach overcomes manufacturing challenges in GaLM-polymer composites, enabling universal assembly in various polymer matrices.
Researchers at ETH Zurich introduce a novel single-cavity architecture for a dual-comb laser, enabling fast and precise scanning of optical delays. The system achieves high precision (2-fs) and stability (up to 500 Hz) for an optical delay of 12.5 ns, opening up new possibilities for practical applications.
A new study argues that India's expanding energy sector needs to balance climate change, air pollution, and social inequality. The analysis found that current policies are insufficient to cut emissions or reduce air quality inequities nationwide.
A new study from the Indian Institute of Science sheds light on blackbucks' genetic diversity and survival strategies. Despite human activities restricting their habitats, male blackbucks disperse more than expected, contributing to geneflow, while females stay within native population ranges.
ISB researchers found that the gut microbiome is responsible for variation in circulating blood metabolites across people. The study examined 930 blood metabolites and found that over 60% were associated with either host genetics or the gut microbiome.
A recent study found that deforestation and grassland conversion are the biggest drivers of biodiversity loss, while climate change ranks fourth in global biodiversity change. The research highlights the need for a holistic approach to tackle both climate change and biodiversity loss.
Researchers found a significant increase in Kaposi's sarcoma incidence among young Black men in the South, with rates jumping by 3.3% per year. The study suggests that HIV infection and social determinants like poverty and lack of access to medical care contribute to this disparity.
New research suggests that the world will probably warm beyond the 1.5-degree limit set by the 2015 Paris Agreement, but peak warming can be minimized by adopting more ambitious climate pledges and decarbonizing faster. The study models scenarios to explore what degree of warming would likely follow different courses of action, highlig...
The study reveals the structure of the 15-subunit IFT-B complex, a crucial component in cilia formation and maintenance. The complex's elongated and flexible nature is consistent with previous low-resolution reconstructions, and two configurations are identified that may drive bi-directional movement.
The NHS faces exceptional workforce issues due to Brexit and junior doctors' contract disputes, leading to a need for more international medical graduates. A proposed scheme to increase the cap on Tier 5 visas could help address these shortages and bring valuable expertise from countries like India and Nigeria.
Researchers demonstrate world's first 55-mode transmission at 1.53 petabits per second, outperforming previous records by three times in spectral efficiency. The technology holds promise for future high-capacity backbone networks and the development of Beyond 5G infrastructure.
The study demonstrates that Wilms'tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) plays an essential role in the postnatal development and maturation of brown adipose tissue. WTAP expression is significantly increased in BAT after birth, and its deletion impairs postnatal development and leads to cold intolerance and reduced energy expenditure.
Researchers found that MK256 induced differentiation and maturation in leukemia stem cells, inhibiting proliferation of AML cell lines. The study also showed dose-dependent inhibition of the STAT pathway in both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Researchers have developed a method for centimeter-scale color printing using grayscale laser writing, achieving vivid and fine-tunable colors. The technique leverages pixelated optical cavities to generate transmission colors with a transmission efficiency of 39-50%.
Research reveals sub-hourly rainfall extremes are becoming more intense due to climate change, causing flash floods and landslides. In the Sydney area, extreme rainfall events have risen by at least 20% per decade, highlighting the need for effective climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Researchers found that blocking DHODH enzyme halts cancer growth in mouse models, sparing healthy brain cells. This potential treatment pathway shows promise for future clinical trials, offering a non-toxic alternative to current treatments.
A new treatment approach using surgery or radiation therapy has been shown to slow cancer progression in patients with solitary prostate cancer metastases. The study found that this approach, called metastasis-directed therapy (MDT), can delay the need for hormone-blocking treatments and improve survival rates.
In northern China, about 4,000 years ago, farmers adopted a practice of purposeful water management to grow new grains. The results showed that the majority of wheat samples had isotopic values above an optimal watering threshold, indicating their growth was not limited by water availability.
Researchers discovered that the Memo1 protein binds copper ions, blocking toxic redox reactions that damage or kill cancer cells. The protein's interaction with copper also protects against metastasis formation in breast cancer cells. This finding opens up potential new treatments for cancer.
The study aims to assess the effectiveness of recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in decreasing bleeding in the brain of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is a deadly stroke type with no effective treatment, and this trial seeks to improve outcomes.
During the Devonian Period, six significant marine extinctions occurred, coinciding with the rapid evolution and spread of complex land plants. Elevated phosphorus levels in ancient lake deposits suggest a massive increase in terrestrial nutrient export, potentially leading to eutrophication and catastrophic ocean oxygen depletion.
A new study presented at the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology Annual Scientific Meeting found that most infants with anaphylaxis were treated appropriately with a single dose of epinephrine. The study reviewed charts for 169 patients under 2 years old who presented with anaphylaxis symptoms in various systems.
A team of researchers used images from the Hubble Space Telescope to determine the age and composition of a distant supernova. The study suggests that the heavier atomic elements necessary for life were created inside stars and released during supernovae explosions.
A five-year review of focused ultrasound treatment for essential tremor found that patients experienced significant reductions in tremor symptoms, with benefits lasting long-term and no reported progressive or delayed complications. The study represents the largest long-term assessment yet conducted on the procedure.
A new study found that planting and managing improved grass in tropical savannas can increase soil carbon stocks by 15% compared to degraded pasture. The use of Koronivia grass also reduced nitrous oxide emissions from grazing cattle by a factor of 10.
The Research Training Group 2861 aims to create a standard approach to PCL education through an interdisciplinary program combining chemistry, physics, and materials science. The group will develop open-access online lectures and tutorials, as well as an open-access textbook on PCLs.
The NATURE FIRST project combines forensic intelligence and remote sensing technologies to monitor protected areas and detect human activities threatening biodiversity. The project aims to halt and reverse the decline of biodiversity in Europe by using predictive, proactive, and preventative capabilities.
Researchers have created a chemical tag that can be added to drugs, allowing them to enter blood circulation via the intestines. The tag, called EPP6, is a neutral peptide that can deliver drugs orally, potentially replacing injections for diabetes and cancer patients.
According to a new study published in the Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, parental reporting of racism experienced by children in minority groups in the USA increased from 6.7% in 2016 to 9.3% in 2020. Indigenous and Black children were particularly affected, with rates ranging from 10.8% to 15.7% and 9.69% to 15.04%, respectively.
Researcher William Thompson's winning essay explores how social interactions shape human cognitive algorithms, shedding light on the evolutionary process of cognition. His studies show that accumulated generational knowledge is essential for adapting to new situations.
A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators finds that Enterococcus faecalis enhances its protective outer layer to resist natural immune defenses and antibiotics. The research suggests possible new ways to target these bacterial infections.