A UVA-led research team is working on a photonics-based radar and GPS system that can operate at frequencies up to 110 gigahertz, three times higher than current 5G systems. The system has the potential to provide ultra-stable signals for applications like communications, positioning, and ranging.
Researchers found that fluctuating levels of autonomy led to efficiency and innovation at Lamborghini, suggesting a middle road for parent companies. By understanding internal bargaining processes, businesses can create and maintain competitive advantage and customer value with subsidiaries.
Researchers have identified helpful and unhelpful aspects of the immune response that determine whether TB infections can be kept under control. The findings may help design a more effective vaccine by targeting specific cell subsets and modulating intercellular signaling.
Research from the University of California San Diego finds a significant partisan shift in birth rates among Republicans and Democrats after Trump's 2016 election. Republican-leaning counties experienced a sharp rise in birth rates, while Democratic counties saw a baby slump, with differences amounting to 1-2% of national birth rates.
Researchers discovered near-zero index materials where light's momentum becomes zero, altering fundamental processes like atomic recoil and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. These materials could enable perfect cloaking and have potential applications in quantum computing and optics.
For 18 out of 21 analyzed conditions, patients with telehealth consults did not require more unplanned hospitalizations or emergency department visits within 14 days compared to those making an initial in-person visit. However, patients with upper respiratory infections and bronchitis were more likely to need follow-up visits.
Scientists create artificial lattice structure with infinite topological charge numbers by coupling photons' spin-orbit coupling to internal degrees of freedom. The setup allows direct measurement of physical quantities and paves the way for exploring high-dimension topological physics.
Researchers developed an enzyme that can break down plastic waste in hours, making it a promising solution for the world's plastic problem. The enzyme, called FAST-PETase, has the potential to revolutionize recycling and reduce global landfill waste by billions of tons.
Researchers have developed a new silver-ion releasing coating that effectively prevents bacteria from adhering to implants and killing them. The coating, dubbed "SAFE", was tested on rats and showed promising results, with no signs of toxicity or wear and tear.
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification's Global Land Outlook 2 report warns that up to 40% of the planet's land is degraded, threatening half of humanity and roughly 1/2 of world GDP. The report offers hundreds of practical ways to restore land and ecosystem health.
A recent study found that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces the risk of infection, hospitalization, and death among heart transplant recipients. The study, published in JAMA Cardiology, compared vaccinated and unvaccinated patients at a single center and showed a notable difference in outcomes.
A new study published in Neurology found that women with multiple sclerosis (MS) are less likely to have breast cancer detected through routine screenings, despite being twice as likely to have colorectal cancer detected at an early stage. The researchers also found a higher rate of disability among MS patients, which may affect their ...
Yale University psychologists have developed a mathematical theory of flow that can be used to enhance immersion and engagement in almost any task. The theory is based on the concept of mutual information between desired end states and means of attaining them, and suggests that more informative means lead to greater flow experience.
The study found that T-cell immunity was effective against Omicron variants in approximately 90% of vaccinated Europeans. The researchers identified a specific HLA-DRB1*03:01 variant that allowed the virus to evade immune recognition, particularly affecting individuals with this genetic variation.
Researchers develop less-corrosive solutions using methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and oleum acids to separate and process nanotubes. The new method enables scalable production of advanced materials with excellent electrical and mechanical properties.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes have discovered that reducing protein tau levels soon after birth can prevent autism and epilepsy in an experimental model. The study pinpointed the crucial brain cells where tau levels must be reduced to avoid these problems, and showed that lowering tau is still effective when initiated after birth.
Researchers have identified a genetic cause of lupus, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 50,000 people in the UK. The TLR7 gene mutation causes inflammation in organs and joints, leading to debilitating symptoms. This discovery paves the way for new treatments targeting the mutated gene.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed an engineered ACE2 decoy that effectively reduces the rate and severity of infection with the Omicron variant under laboratory conditions. The decoy mimics the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, preventing the virus from binding to cells and entering them.
Scientists at Delft University of Technology have discovered one-way superconductivity using 2D quantum materials, enabling superconducting computing and reducing energy loss. This breakthrough could lead to faster electronics, greener IT systems, and significant energy savings.
A new study systematically reviews data on PFAS exposure and liver damage, linking three commonly detected PFAS to elevated levels of a liver enzyme, ALT. The research suggests a potential link between PFAS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a growing public health crisis affecting 25% of adults worldwide.
A study published in Cell reveals that individuals with gum disease are more susceptible to developing arthritis due to alterations in immune cell precursors in the bone marrow. The researchers also found that this association may prompt a reconsideration of how bone marrow donors are selected.
A recent study found a consistent decline in the mental health of college students across the US over eight years, with significant increases in depression and anxiety among racial and ethnic minority students. The study also revealed a gap between symptom onset and treatment access, particularly for students of color.
A study by Durham University found that 90% of bidi workers are women who face numerous health issues and limited job options. Researchers suggest alternative employment like spice or fabric production could provide better working conditions and personal circumstances.
The program aims to increase trained cancer researchers in Tanzania and prepare them for HIV-associated cancer diagnostics, genomics, and therapy. It will focus on molecular detection, epidemiology, and biology of common HIV-associated malignancies.
Researchers at Binghamton University have discovered that human skin's unique structure allows it to maximize both durability and flexibility. The team created artificial skin membranes that mimicked the structure of mammalian skin, testing their puncture toughness and deformability.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a combination therapy that targets both tumor cells and macrophages to treat triple-negative breast cancer. The therapy resulted in durable tumor regression and immune memory in animal models, suggesting potential for improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers studied twisted trilayer graphene, discovering a phase diagram that decouples into product states of graphene and bilayer graphene. The system exhibits unique insulating and semi-metallic phases in the presence of an electric field.
Researchers have successfully developed a fishmeal and fish oil-free feed for largemouth bass that delivers excellent growth, survival, feed conversion, and fillet quality. The alternative diet uses locally sourced ingredients like soybean meal and algae oil, reducing costs by up to 90%.
A new study by UC Berkeley scientists finds that solar photovoltaics can provide sufficient power for extended Mars missions, outperforming nuclear fusion reactors in over 50% of the planet's surface. This breakthrough provides a more practical solution for long-term human settlements on Mars.
The Uralic language family's history is reevaluated, with research suggesting the languages' westward spread began in western Siberia during the early Metal Age. The dispersal of the family is linked to three episodes: a natural environment shift, cross-cultural archaeological phenomena, and contact with Indo-Iranian languages.
A new study published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience reveals that nine out of ten autistic women in France have suffered sexual violence, with most victims being assaulted multiple times at a young age. The findings highlight the need for improved prevention and care programs to address this vulnerable population.
A new study from the University of Texas at Austin finds that asking a single question about article truthfulness can activate the brain's critical thinking centers, challenging biases and encouraging more critical evaluation of content. This finding has implications for social media companies looking to curb the spread of misinformation.
Researchers identified P-tau181 as a blood biomarker for predicting dementia before symptoms develop. The study found that elevated levels of P-tau181 were associated with greater accumulation of ß-amyloid on brain scans, indicating early signs of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers analyzed 451 bacterial strains of C. difficile, identifying 9,924 distinct gene clusters and categorizing them into 176 genetically distinct groups. The study provides new insights into the genetic diversity and evolution of this pathogen, shedding light on its virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants.
A research team from the University of Bayreuth investigated the progressive degradation of low-density polyethylene in the environment. They found that isolated nanoplastic particles are rare and instead aggregate rapidly to larger colloidal systems, preventing individual nanoparticles from being freely available.
A Boston University study found that living in areas with more greenery may boost cognitive function, particularly in middle-aged women. The research suggests that exposure to greenspace could improve processing speed and attention, as well as reduce depression, a risk factor for dementia.
A new Rutgers study found that younger mothers with children by multiple fathers are more likely to experience psychological or physical harassment, economic abuse, and sexual violence. The study, published in the journal Family Relations, suggests a strong link between intimate partner violence and multiple partner fertility.
A new SMU study suggests that precipitation played a more direct role in shaping large herbivore populations than temperature in ancient Alaska. The research provides historical insights into the consequences of climate change and may help inform modern strategies to mitigate its effects.
Researchers developed a 3D imaging technique that captures thin peripheral blood vessels, aiding in diagnosing and treating peripheral vascular diseases. The new modality provides functional diagnostic values for blood supply to tissues without contrast agents.
Researchers used single-molecule imaging to study GPCR activation, gaining insight into cellular signal relay and potential drug targets for various disorders. The findings show that the receptor tail plays an autoinhibitory role, controlled by agonist binding, which affects signaling intensity and duration.
The study investigates the role of physical principles in quantum Darwinism, finding that it relies on non-classical features, specifically entanglement, to emerge via natural selection. The researchers employed generalized probabilistic theories to analyze and compare different physical theories.
Researchers have developed Fe³⁺-activated Sr₂InSbO₆ broadband NIR-emitting phosphor materials with tunable emission from 885 to 1005 nm. The Ca2InSbO6:Fe3+ phosphor peaking at 935 nm shows an ultra-high IQE of 87%, making it suitable for NIR spectroscopy detection.
A new study has found that adults with asthma are more likely to become obese later in life. The research, which included over 8,700 participants from 11 European countries and Australia, revealed that non-allergic asthma, longer disease duration, and corticosteroid treatment were associated with increased obesity risk.
A new theory offers an explanation for the formation and evolution of gas giants in our solar system, proposing that a 'rebound' effect triggered their current paths. Researchers found that the primordial gas disk dissipated from the inside out, providing a natural trigger for the instability.
Eukaryotes emerged in an anoxic environment in the ocean, and their mitochondria-bearing cells likely resulted from a merger between archaea and bacteria. This finding contradicts the long-held view that oxygenation of Earth's surface environment led to eukaryogenesis.
Research finds that bat box design and landscape placement significantly impact the energetic balance of endangered Indiana bats. A study by University of Illinois researchers tested five bat box designs and four landscape placements to determine their effects on bat metabolism, development, and survival.
Researchers developed a sustainable jet fuel from agricultural waste that increases energy density and replaces aromatics, reducing soot emissions and contrails. The fuel's properties make it suitable for blending with conventional fuels to meet aviation industry demands.
A breakthrough in green technology has successfully produced both hydrogen gas and hydrogen peroxide simultaneously from sunlight and water using a hematite photocatalyst. This innovation could lead to a solar water-splitting utilization system with greater added value, enabling the widespread adoption of carbon-neutral energy sources.
Researchers at the Babraham Institute found that two RNA binding proteins, ZFP36 and ZFP36L1, play a crucial role in T cell development and function. The absence of these proteins enhances the potency of T cells during viral infections, leading to improved cytotoxic immune responses.
Chronic pain causes maladaptive emotional states and is often comorbid with psychiatric disorders. Researchers identified the neuronal circuit involved in chronic pain-induced anxiety in mice, finding that restoring its activity attenuates anxiety.
Astronomers have used observations from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope to better understand how massive stars live and die. The study of supernova 2014C revealed a unique process where the hydrogen envelopes of two stars merged, forming a common-envelope configuration that shed light on the stellar explosion.
Researchers are developing innovative ways to reuse automotive glass, crushing it into small pieces and purifying the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) for industrial use. This approach aims to reduce waste and conserve resources as the demand for automotive glass continues to grow.
A multidisciplinary team at CSIC introduces silicon chips into living cells, allowing study of cell division processes and potential for interfering with the cell cycle. This research opens new lines of investigation in nanomedicine.
Researchers from Uppsala University developed a new method to predict temperature tolerance in individual microalgae symbionts, enabling the identification of climate resilient cells. This study aims to accelerate coral reef restoration efforts by introducing more robust coral symbionts to combat climate change.
A new study published in BMC Public Health found that people who reported feeling lonely often were significantly more likely to encounter unemployment later. The research also confirmed previous findings that the reverse is true – people who were unemployed were more likely to experience loneliness later.
A large US study found that counties with high vaccination coverage had a more than 80% reduction in death rates from COVID-19 compared to largely unvaccinated counties. The study, based on data from over 30 million cases and 400,000 deaths, suggests that increasing vaccination coverage can reduce COVID-19 related mortality and cases.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive imaging method to examine conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) in live rabbit eyes, which are similar to human eyes. The study found that CGC density decreased with dry eye disease (DED) and recovered over time.
A threatened South American coati was recorded in Canoas, Brazil's fourth most populous city, using a camera trap at a remaining green space. The finding underscores the significance of urban areas for species adaptation and highlights the need for conservation efforts beyond protected zones.
Researchers found a significant association between residential green space and improved cognitive function in middle-age women. The study, published in JAMA Network Open, analyzed data from over 13,000 participants and discovered that those with greater access to green spaces performed better on cognitive tests.
Researchers investigated habitat conditions at Blick Mead site, finding partially open woodland conditions that would have supported large grazing herbivores. The study suggests hunter-gatherers used this space for 4,000 years before early farmers and monument-builders arrived in the region.