Research reveals that nursing homes in disadvantaged neighborhoods have lower clinical staff hours compared to those in more well-off areas. This disparity is particularly pronounced for registered nurses and physical therapists.
Researchers have discovered a new molecule, fabimycin, that effectively treats over 300 drug-resistant bacteria in lab experiments and mice with pneumonia and urinary tract infections. The compound reduces the amount of drug-resistant bacteria to pre-infection levels or below, outperforming existing antibiotics at similar doses.
A new technique discovered by Boise State University researchers can create novel lithium-ion battery materials with exceptional Li storage and fast cycling. The process starts from an amorphous material, like niobium oxide, which is cycled with lithium to induce a transformation to a crystalline material.
Climate change is driving the expansion of invasive insect species, such as the oak gall wasp, into more northerly oak savannas. This can lead to an imbalance in the ecosystem, as these insects can overwhelm native species without natural predators or competitors.
Simultaneous extreme heat and drought events have significant consequences on various sectors, including economy, health, and food production. The analysis of eight extreme events in Europe, Australia, and Africa highlights the need for more systematic risk assessments to improve adaptability and resilience.
Boosting with either Janssen or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boosts humoral and cellular immune responses. Boosting with Janssen vaccine provides durable antibody and T-cell responses for at least four months.
A new drug, TB31F, has been shown to block the transmission of malaria parasites by mosquitoes, preventing further malaria cases. The antibody was tested in humans and found safe with no important side effects.
Researchers at ICFO successfully simulated a topological gauge theory using ultracold potassium atoms dressed with laser light, moving beyond previous electromagnetism simulations. This breakthrough allows for better understanding of exotic quantum behavior in materials and error correction codes for future quantum computers.
A new study found that people with multiple sclerosis may experience varying levels of physical and mental quality of life depending on factors such as age at diagnosis, income, and disability level. Researchers identified specific subgroups with distinct profiles, highlighting the need for early interventions to improve outcomes.
A new study reveals that a multiple sclerosis treatment, interferon beta, reduces the binding of key molecules to red blood cells, thereby decreasing inflammation and slowing disease progression. This breakthrough discovery has significant implications for the treatment of this debilitating autoimmune disease.
A graphene photodetector with a double slot structure exhibits high responsivity of 603.92 mA/W and large bandwidth of 78 GHz, addressing the limitations of graphene's low optical absorption. The novel design promotes graphene absorption while minimizing metallic absorption, providing a competitive solution for photodetection on silicon.
A new study suggests that tocolytics can safely delay preterm births and reduce neonatal deaths worldwide. The analysis of 122 clinical trials found benefits for all preterm delay treatments, with some side effects noted.
Intrinsically-stretchable optoelectronic devices can endure mechanical deformations without additional structural engineering. The devices have potential for remote diagnosis, ubiquitous healthcare, and continuous monitoring of personal biometric information.
Researchers identify small molecules that can restore wild-type p53 tumor suppression function to mutated p53 in both lab and mouse models. The approach has potential for developing new pharmaceuticals for treating cancers with p53 mutations.
Researchers have created and observed novel vortices in an ultracold gas, exhibiting unexpected properties due to hidden discrete symmetries. The discovery may lead to breakthroughs in quantum computing and information processing.
A new study published in Nature reveals that microglia cells change their molecular state to match neighboring neurons, influencing neural circuit function. The researchers found that different types of cortical neurons recruit specific numbers of microglia, which then adapt to the neuron's environment.
Researchers found that lidocaine injections reduced Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores by 35-70% and maintained improvements for at least 24 weeks. The study suggests targeting sensory nerves as a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis treatment.
Researchers found a strong association between atrial cardiopathy and dementia in a study of over 15,000 participants. The study revealed that even those without atrial fibrillation or stroke were at higher risk for dementia, highlighting the need to better understand the mechanisms behind this link.
A new study led by Dr. Renee Goodwin found that adults who use cannabis daily perceive pack a day cigarette use as less harmful than non-users, highlighting the role of perception in predicting substance use. The study suggests that increased tobacco use may be one possibility of cannabis legalization.
Researchers from Griffith University and UNSW Sydney developed a robust and functional material system that overcomes the challenges of long-term implantation in biofluids. The system consists of silicon carbide nanomembranes as the contact surface and silicon dioxide as the protective encapsulation, showing unrivalled stability.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a critical mechanism in the replication of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The NiRAN domain plays a crucial role in synthesizing the RNA cap, which is essential for viral replication.
A study by Tel Aviv University researchers found a unique oral microbiotic signature in the saliva of veteran soldiers with PTSD, which may help diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder objectively. The study also showed that people with PTSD exhibit the same picture of bacteria in their saliva as those who have experienced combat stres...
Researchers identify PRC1 as key to establishing and maintaining ovarian reserve, providing insights into female reproductive health and lifespan. The study's findings may help explain premature ovarian failure and infertility in humans.
Brazilian researchers used computer simulations to investigate the superconducting behavior of a dimolybdenum nitride monolayer, finding that it became superconductive at relatively high temperatures and showed strong correlation with strain applied.
The study analyzed 400 million voter records from 2014 and 2016 elections to find large and persistent gaps in voter turnout by race, age, and political affiliation. Minority citizens, young people, and Democrats are less likely to vote than whites, older citizens, and Republicans.
A study published in Science Advances reports that the Moon inherited helium and neon from Earth's mantle, supporting the Giant Impact theory. The discovery was made possible by the use of a state-of-the-art noble gas mass spectrometer, Tom Dooley, which detected high concentrations of these gases in lunar meteorites.
Researchers at IISc identified a way to estimate ancient seawater temperature by analyzing otoliths from fish ears, which hold clues to water type and age. By correlating calcium isotope ratios with seawater temperatures, they found a powerful tracer of water temperature that can be applied to fossilized samples.
Researchers have developed a new way to deliver vaccines through mucosal tissues in the nose, generating strong immune responses in mice and non-human primates. The technology bypasses traditional barriers to delivery by engineering antigens to bind onto albumin, allowing them to effectively target immune tissues.
Pregnant women are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including heart attack, arrhythmias, and long-haul symptoms from COVID-19. Vaccination is critical to ensuring safe pregnancy and birth in the COVID-19 era.
New research shows that the Amazon rainforest's growth rate is limited by a lack of phosphorus in the soil, which could reduce its ability to store carbon and increase vulnerability to climate change. Phosphorus availability played a critical role in increasing productivity in a recent experiment.
Researchers have discovered a broadly neutralising antibody, ZCB11, that protects against all SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants. Administration of ZCB11 either prophylactically or therapeutically shields lung infection in golden Syrian hamsters from Omicron viral challenge.
A graphene/silicon hybrid photodetector is developed using a novel double slot structure, exhibiting improved performance. The device achieves a response time of 7.2 ms and a refresh rate of 60 Hz, suitable for real-time holographic displays.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science develop a method to determine the number of samples required for accurate assessment of microplastic contamination in urban rivers. The study found that at high MP concentrations, two replicate samples are sufficient to measure MP concentrations accurately.
Researchers found 87 genes affected by deletions or short insertions in the woolly mammoth genome, potentially impacting its adaptability to cold environments. These changes may have contributed to unique traits such as fur growth and hair shape.
A team of researchers developed a unified model to predict human movement during large-scale extreme events. The model reveals 'spatiotemporal decay' and 'temporal decay,' showing people limit their mobility near disaster zones and exhibit faster changes in lower income areas.
Researchers have made significant progress in perovskite-transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures, offering tunable optical and electronic properties. These materials show great potential for high-performance optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors and solar cells.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that children conceived through IVF have small differences in growth and weight compared to naturally conceived peers. The study of over 6000 children showed that these differences were negligible by late adolescence and unlikely to have health implications.
A new study published in Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology found that 36% of YouTube videos on hay fever contained misleading information, leading to increased user interaction. Medical associations were the most reliable source of information, with only 32% of TV show/YouTube channel videos classified as useful.
Scientists at Scripps Research have identified antibodies that induce broad immunity against SARS viruses, including emerging variants. The discovery reveals the antibody structures that produce this more comprehensive immune response and could inform the development of next-generation vaccines.
A meta-analysis found that leisure activities overall were linked to a reduced risk of dementia. Mental activities like reading or watching TV had the greatest impact, followed by physical activities such as walking or sports.
A new University of Michigan study finds that local wind and solar jobs can fully replace the 80,000 coal-plant jobs in the US by 2030, with operations and maintenance jobs accounting for 57% to 92% of replacement employment.
A recent study published in Cancer Research identified a unique vulnerability in certain high-risk cancers that can be exploited for targeted therapy. Researchers found that cancer cells with alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) have a common weakness, leading to resistance to DNA-damaging agents and chemotherapy.
Researchers analyzed four pesticides' effects on earthworms and springtails in Northern, Central, and Southern Europe. They found varying risks depending on soil compartment and pesticide characteristics. The study highlights the need to consider regional variability when regulating agricultural practices.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that combining deep-learning reconstruction with a subtraction technique yielded optimal diagnostic performance for detecting in-stent restenosis by coronary CT angiography. This approach reduced radiation exposure while maintaining high image quality.
A fungus called Ustilago maydis manipulates the corn plant's auxin signaling pathway by binding to a protein called Topless, suppressing certain pathways while promoting growth and division. This precise control enables the fungus to thrive in infected plants.
University of Cincinnati researchers are studying whether targeting an inflammation pathway can improve patient results for soldiers with burn injuries combined with traumatic brain injuries. The research focuses on a specific protein that causes inflammation, which can lead to complications such as anemia and death.
Western gorillas in zoos have developed a novel vocalization to get attention and food from their human caregivers. Researchers observed this unique behavior in response to food availability and interaction with zoo staff.
Researchers at HKUMed & CityU discover that transcorneal electrical stimulation can alleviate depression-like symptoms and improve cognitive function in animal models. The technique also induced the expression of genes involved in brain cell growth, offering a potential new treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
The article reviews the physics and progress of THz generation from laser-induced plasmas, highlighting three scenarios in air, liquid, and solid configurations. Strong terahertz generation via plasma is discussed with challenges and future perspectives.
Scientists discovered evidence of giant meteorite impacts that formed Earth's continents through the study of zircon crystals in Western Australia. The research provides strong support for the theory that these impacts played a key role in shaping the planet's geography.
Researchers developed a blood test tool that predicts patient outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with 87% accuracy for predicting death and 86% for predicting severe disability. The tests are diagnostic and prognostic, easy to administer, swift, and inexpensive.
Researchers analyzed data from over 3,000 participants and found no association between electrocardiogram measures and telomere length. The study suggests that ECG prolongation is age-dependent but not a marker of biological aging.
A recent UK-based study has revealed that vegetarian women have a 33% higher risk of hip fracture compared to regular meat-eaters. The research found that vegetarians had lower intakes of protein, calcium, and other micronutrients, which are crucial for bone and muscle health.
A new study by the American Cancer Society reports nearly 123,000 cancer deaths due to cigarette smoking in the US, resulting in over two million Person-Years of Lost Life (PYLL) and $21 billion in annual lost earnings. The losses were disproportionately higher in states with weaker tobacco control policies.
The study found that plants have a transport route for calcium ions into their mitochondria, which is essential for signal transmission. The researchers also discovered a link between calcium ion transport and the regulation of the plant hormone jasmonic acid, which controls defense against herbivores and senescence.
A self-pollinating monkeyflower plant lost 13-24% of its genetic variation within nine generations when isolated from bumble bees. This rapid loss of genetic variation could have devastating impacts on the plant's ability to adapt to changing environments, highlighting the importance of pollinators for plant survival.
A recent study published in Construction and Building Materials has found that heat treatment can significantly improve the strength of recycled concrete, reducing its environmental impact. The researchers developed an energy-efficient means of improving recycled concrete outcomes through thermal treatment.
Medical students who participated in simulated experience of caring for a dying patient reported a marked increase in confidence, which was sustained six months later. The study found that simulation training improved their ability to communicate with patients and families, as well as manage patient care effectively.
The €15.7 million AUFRANDE project aims to generate industry-relevant research by employing 64 early career doctoral researchers from French and Australian universities. Researchers will receive training and support, including annual workshops and group events, to foster high-performing early-stage researchers.
Researchers from Vancouver, British Columbia found a significant association between cumulative three-year versus 20-year exposure to air pollution and the risk of developing lung cancer in women who have never smoked. The study showed that even a 3-year exposure significantly underestimates lifetime exposure to PM2.5 prior to diagnosis.