The study found that integrated interventions, which prioritize people and nature coexistence, positively impact local human wellbeing. In contrast, single-sector interventions like high-input conventional agriculture and strict protected areas have negative impacts on human health and ecosystems.
A team of Japanese researchers used reinforcement learning to study fluid mixing during laminar flow, achieving exponentially fast mixing without prior knowledge. The method also enabled effective transfer learning, reducing training time for new mixing problems, and has potential applications across various industries.
Researchers have found that human antibodies can incorporate foreign genetic material from the mitochondria and ends of chromosomes, leading to increased immune diversity. This discovery challenges the long-held assumption that antibody diversity results solely from gene mutations.
A large number of patients received anti–SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies despite FDA deauthorization due to their limited effectiveness against the Omicron variant. This widespread use resulted in significant Medicare spending, estimated at over $71 million.
A new study from the University of South Australia shows that captive frogs can be protected from the deadly fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) through natural skin shedding processes. However, captivity also reduces skin bacteria diversity and richness, potentially affecting the frogs' resilience to pathogens.
A*STAR scientists have developed VarNet, an AI-based method that identifies cancer mutations in tumor samples with high accuracy. This breakthrough allows for personalized treatment strategies and better understanding of cancer.
The study proposes merging bound states in continuum (BICs) using higher topological charges, significantly enhancing Q factors and suppressing scattering loss. The approach enables steerable BICs with designed momentum, improving performance for direction-related applications.
Researchers studied heat movement near North Pole and under Arctic sea ice, providing insights into the mechanisms of Arctic sea ice decline. Their findings suggest that strong winds cause mixing of water where ice and ocean meet, leading to enhanced heat transfer and changes in seawater salinity.
A new study using cellphone location data found that visits to Black-owned restaurants dropped off after initial spikes and were inconsistent across 20 US cities. The study raises questions about the effectiveness of labelling campaigns and how tech companies can better support communities of color.
Scientists have developed a method to control chemical reactions in a single molecule by applying voltage pulses, resulting in unprecedented selectivity. By fine-tuning the voltage, researchers can interconvert different products formed during the reaction.
Researchers create a mathematical framework for probabilistic computing using magnetic tunnel junctions, which can infer potential answers from complex input. This technology could revolutionize data interpretation and pattern recognition.
A recent study examines the comprehensive effects of the GATT/WTO trading system on welfare and distribution across member states from 1950 to 2015. The analysis reveals a robust pattern of welfare gains for member states through trade liberalization, with non-member states experiencing losses after 1980.
The MALDI mass spectrometer will enable faster turnaround times, novel capabilities such as mass spectrometric imaging, and in-house training for researchers. This instrument will support critical research on neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious disease outbreaks, and energy needs.
A new module at SMU aims to integrate mindfulness with positive psychology, focusing on personal mastery, autonomy, and flourishing. Regular practice is emphasized, with techniques such as meditation and journaling, to help students develop self-regulatory skills and achieve holistic learning.
A new risk score can help predict mortality for patients with atrial fibrillation who have undergone successful TAVR and been discharged home. The risk score was developed using data from the ENVISAGE-TAVI AF trial, which found that patients with certain clinical risks were more likely to die within a year of discharge.
A meta-analysis of clinical trials found that SGLT2 inhibitors, like dapagliflozin and empagliflozin, reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization in patients with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction heart failure. These drugs may benefit a wide range of patients, regardless of age, sex, or medical history.
Scientists develop a method to produce atomically thin seams of light using in-plane heterostructures, enabling customizable strain and circularly polarized light. This technology has the potential to create efficient and chiral electroluminescence for applications in quantum optoelectronics.
A study of 22 million patients found that those with autoimmune disorders have a substantially higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The excess risk is similar to that of type 2 diabetes and affects the entire cardiovascular disease spectrum.
New research from the University of East Anglia finds that hydropower developments lead to flooding forests, driving biodiversity loss and ecosystem disruptions. The study reveals widespread species extinction, especially among large-bodied species, highlighting the need for sustainable energy security and biodiversity conservation.
Researchers discovered that stony corals actively transport oxygen away from areas with high photosynthetic activity to reduce oxidative stress. This targeted ventilation system, facilitated by the tiny hairs on their surface, helps corals mitigate coral bleaching caused by environmental stressors.
A recent study found three distinct themes in slogans protesting federal COVID-19 vaccine mandates: Support for individual freedom/rights, opposition to government control, and anti-science misinformation/disinformation. The majority of slogans opposing vaccines were about individual rights or resistance to government control.
A new treatment approach for triple-negative breast cancer is being developed using nitric oxide scavengers. The study found that converting nitric oxide into nitrogen centred free radicals inhibits the migration of cancer cells in the tumor environment, suggesting a potential use of modified hyaluronic acid as a key material.
A study of over 3,400 adult twins found that residents in states where cannabis is legal use it 24% more frequently than those in illegal states. This trend holds true for identical twins, with those living in legal states using cannabis 20% more often.
A UTHSC-led team has received a $3.16 million National Cancer Institute grant to develop a cancer immunotherapy drug that boosts the immune system response to destroy tumor cells.
Researchers found that mothers' higher depressive symptoms did not predict increases in children's behavior problems, including those with autism. The study suggests that maternal depression may have a complex impact on caregiving families.
Researchers pinpointed the anterior cingulate cortex gyrus (ACCg) as the brain area involved in effortful altruistic behaviour. Individuals with high empathy levels showed stronger effort patterns in ACCg, suggesting a link between emotional connection and helping behaviour.
A study in China reveals high infection probabilities for populations exposed to reclaimed water aerosols containing Legionella, exceeding WHO thresholds. To mitigate the risk, researchers recommend disinfecting reclaimed water before use and setting up warning signs in parks.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University found that toyocamycin's mode of uptake is key to its effectiveness against Candida albicans. By targeting the concentrative nucleoside transporter protein, new antifungal drugs may be developed with unprecedented modes of action.
Research finds that liver transplant recipients with a BMI of 30 or higher and those who drank heavily have a high risk of needing a second surgery within 48 hours. Coagulopathy, or decreased blood clotting, is also linked to this risk. The study aims to reduce the number of return-to-operating-room cases by mitigating these factors.
A new model developed by MSU researchers uses low-cost data about abundant species to generate insights on harder-to-find neighbors, helping monitor and preserve biodiversity. The model can be particularly helpful for rare and elusive species, providing valuable information with minimal data.
Researchers developed a silicon photodiode array for in-sensor processing, allowing for real-time image filtering and extraction of relevant visual information. The technology has potential applications in machine vision, bio-inspired systems, and intelligent imaging devices.
Seismologists have identified hundreds of thousands of microearthquakes along previously unknown fault structures in Oklahoma and Kansas, allowing them to map and measure earthquake clusters. The study found that nearly a 5% chance that a cluster would host a magnitude 4 or larger earthquake within a year if it reached a certain length...
A study found that self-collected nasal swabs in children and adolescents have comparable SARS-CoV-2 detection rates to those collected by healthcare workers. This simple method could improve COVID-19 testing accessibility, particularly in resource-constrained settings.
Dielectric metalenses have made significant progress in compact imaging systems, offering aberration-correction and dispersion-engineering capabilities. However, challenges such as phase discretization, diffraction constraints, and crosstalk among sub-units need to be addressed for practical development.
Researchers have developed a fibre-optic transmission system that integrates SDM, PDM, and DWDM over a 34-km long fibre, achieving a raw capacity of 1.223 Pb/s with a spectral efficiency of 156.8 bit/s/Hz. The system utilizes OAM modes to reduce MIMO complexity, enabling low power consumption and scalability.
Extracellular vesicles and exosomes are membrane-bound vesicles that facilitate intercellular exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material. They will be highlighted in upcoming events focusing on mitochondrial quality control, skin ageing, and microbiota.
Researchers found that many proteins thought to be monomeric exist as hexamers or other shapes, with some even forming tetramers. This discovery suggests a high degree of structural plasticity among proteins.
A digital platform was used in six communities to report COVID-19 self-test results to health departments, resulting in increased reporting rates among household beneficiaries. The study suggests that this approach could be an effective way to improve public health surveillance and tracking of COVID-19 cases.
Physicists have developed a 'master equation' to understand feedback control at the quantum level, enabling precise real-time control over quantum systems. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize quantum technologies by exploiting quantum effects and mitigating fragile system properties.
A recent study found that nearly 72% of primary care, dental, and behavioral health clinicians in US safety net clinics reported experiencing moral distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The distress was mainly caused by limitations on patient care, witnessing patients' struggles, and challenges in their work situations.
Researchers at Georgia State University have discovered a novel way to treat ulcerative colitis using lipid nanoparticles that target the colon with nucleic acids. The treatment showed accelerated healing and reduced inflammation in mice with acute colitis, offering a new gene therapy strategy for IBD treatment.
A new study demonstrates bound vortex light on optical chips by simulating gauge fields of cosmic strings. The research team created a deformed photonic graphene inspired by cosmic strings, which can generate and transport optical vortices and control photon orbital angular momentum.
A study found that academics worldwide increased their working hours by an average of three hours per week during the pandemic. The main reasons for this increase were teaching and administrative responsibilities, with most scholars reporting difficulties in adapting to online learning platforms and new assessment methods.
A new study suggests that high-quality care is available in Medicare Advantage plans across all premium levels. Despite some improvements in average quality of care, the analysis reveals a mixed picture of quality and patient experience in these plans.
A team of scientists has discovered that adult female leopard seals are 1.5 times larger and longer than males, while females spend more time on ice and land to rest. The study also found high variability in movement patterns and dive behavior among the seals.
Researchers found that states with increased Medicaid managed care coverage of substance use services saw a decrease in treatment admissions for substance use disorders. Increased coverage led to better access to substance use treatment, resulting in improved health outcomes.
A study found that air and water temperatures are reliable predictors of fish mass mortality events. The researchers predict an approximate six-fold increase in the frequency of fish mortality events by 2100 based on local water temperature projections, and a 34-fold increase based on air temperature projections.
A University of Massachusetts Amherst psychologist is using a $428,000 NIH grant to develop a home-based system that tracks preschoolers' tantrums and predicts mental illness risk. The system uses wearable devices and machine learning algorithms to identify high-risk children and provide critical information to parents.
This study demonstrates that ENSO combination mode is a stable relationship with the WNPAC during El Niô decaying summer, regardless of changes in ENSO evolution features. The C-mode mechanism appears invulnerable to changes in ENSO decaying speed, suggesting its crucial role in maintaining the WNPAC.
Research finds that a single dose of alcohol permanently changes brain structure and function, leading to increased risk of addiction. The study used fruit flies and mice models to show that ethanol-induced changes in mitochondrial dynamics and synapse balance contribute to long-lasting behavioral changes.
Scientists at Kyushu University have developed organic molecules that align in the same direction, creating a 'giant surface potential' when evaporated onto a surface. This alignment leads to a significant electric field, which can improve OLED efficiency and open new routes for realizing devices that convert vibrations into electricity.
A UC Davis Health study found that tecovirimat appears to be safe and effective for treating monkeypox symptoms and skin lesions. The study, which included 25 patients with confirmed monkeypox infection, showed that 92% of patients had lesions in their genital or anal area, while 40% healed from their lesions within a week of treatment.
Researchers at the University of Kentucky are developing strategies to decrease antibiotic resistance and combat medical device infections through NSF-funded engineering research. Biofilms can form on implant surfaces, making them difficult to remove and contributing to disease progression.
Researchers develop a quantum scale heat pump using photons, amplifying cold signals and cooling hot photons. This device enables closer measurement of hard-to-detect frequencies, including those used in dark matter hunts.
The research team reviewed mineral-microbe interactions, proposing future research opportunities and challenges. Microbes dissolve, precipitate, and transform minerals through metabolism, producing biosignatures in the geological record.
The SECURE trial found that the polypill, containing aspirin, ramipril, and atorvastatin, achieves clinically relevant reductions in recurrent cardiovascular events among patients recovering from a heart attack. This simplified approach improves treatment adherence, leading to a 33% reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
Researchers found that in almost two-thirds of cases, agricultural diversity had a positive effect on food security. However, the relationship was mixed or showed no effect in about one-third of cases. The study highlights the importance of preserving agrobiodiversity to ensure food systems can adapt to climate change and other stresses.
A team of researchers at the University of Vienna has found a new mechanism that fundamentally alters the interaction between optically levitated nanoparticles. By applying coherent scattering, they were able to create non-reciprocal forces and improve coupling in arrays of particles, enabling new ways to study complex physical phenomena.
Researchers developed a technique for controlling ENZ media by introducing multiple dielectric rods, called photonic dopants. This allows for independent control of responses at specific frequencies, enabling applications such as optical tagging and digitally reconfigurable filters.
The Fannie and John Hertz Foundation is accepting applications for the 2023 Hertz Fellowship, offering five years of funding to support research that advances the nation's security and economic vitality. Past recipients include Nobel laureates and notable leaders in science and technology.