Researchers from Argonne National Laboratory have created a set of new practices to guide the curation of high energy physics datasets, making them more FAIR and reusable. The goal is to automate the finding and use of data for humans and streamline the development of AI tools for scientific discovery.
Researchers at MIT and China developed a desalination system that is both more efficient and less expensive than previous methods. The system uses natural convection to draw salt from the water, eliminating the need for wicks or power sources.
Scientists demonstrate a definitive link between mitochondrial oxidative damage and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease using a transgenic mouse model. The study found that Aβ1-42 aggregation in the hippocampus caused cognitive impairment, while oxidation led to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Researchers developed Inducible Directed Evolution (IDE), a new technique for controlling directed evolution in bacteria, allowing up to 30 gene modifications at a time. This approach enables finely tuned changes to bacteria, making it suitable for biopharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing industries.
Researchers at the University of Southern Denmark have dated artifacts from a forgotten cave near the Dead Sea, revealing that it was likely used as a refuge during both the first and second Jewish uprisings. The findings, published in the scientific journal Heritage Science, provide new insights into the origins of Judaism and the con...
Researchers investigated formaldehyde levels in Ghanaian market fabrics, finding some exceeded standard limits before and after washing. Washing significantly reduced formaldehyde levels, emphasizing the importance of pre-use washing to minimize health risks.
Researchers identified a powerful combination of antivirals that inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 virus in human lung cells and mice. The combination of brequinar with either remdesivir or molnupiravir was found to be more potent than individual drugs, suggesting potential for reducing hospitalizations and deaths.
New research suggests that asteroid 16 Psyche is likely harboring a hidden rocky component, contradicting initial assumptions about its iron-rich composition. The study's findings indicate that the asteroid's porosity would be unlikely to remain stable over time, and alternative explanations for its metallic surface must be explored.
A study by Washington State University found that social support can mitigate the risk of heart disease and death in older American Indians. Higher rates of depression symptoms, poor quality of life, and social isolation were linked to increased mortality, but instrumental social support reversed this effect.
The University of Strathclyde will lead two international quantum technology networks, tackling space-based quantum communication and the development of fully-integrated atomic sensors. The networks aim to bring together global experts and institutions to overcome challenges in taking quantum technologies into space.
Researchers discovered two dominant strategies among flatworms: reciprocal males receive more resources, while hypodermic mated species invest heavily in female organs. Self-fertilization in these species increases with hypodermic mating, suggesting a common evolutionary principle between plants and worms.
According to new research published in the American Heart Association's Circulation journal, only about 40% of women in the US had good heart health before getting pregnant. Poor pre-pregnancy health is linked to poor outcomes for babies at birth and can also lead to poor heart health later in life.
Researchers at Fralin Biomedical Research Institute determine CASK gene disorder is caused by damage to neurons, not abnormal brain development. The finding has potential to inform treatment strategies for this rare genetic disease.
A Caltech-led team of researchers discovered that a bacterial metabolite can travel to the brain and alter its function, leading to increased anxiety in mice. The study provides a molecular explanation for recent observations linking gut microbiome changes to complex emotional behaviors.
Researchers found that modulating immune cell activity via TREM2 receptor may impact neurodegenerative disease processes. Hyperactive microglia were shown to retain certain neuroprotective functions, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.
Researchers investigated cytokine production in healthy Tanzanian adults, revealing genetic and immunological differences with European populations. The study highlights the need for more research on non-European populations to gain a full understanding of human immune system diversity.
Grackles' ability to inhibit previous behavior is linked to their flexibility, according to researchers. The study used various tests, including a touchscreen computer test, to assess inhibition and flexibility in grackles.
Researchers have created an environmentally friendly packaging material from apple waste, offering a potential alternative to plastic. The new material is made from apple pomace and has improved water resistance thanks to the incorporation of polymers and compounds.
Researchers have discovered a new solid electrolyte composed of lithium, scandium, indium, and chlorine that offers several advantages. The electrolyte conducts lithium ions well but electrons poorly, making it suitable for all-solid-state batteries with improved safety and energy density.
Researchers examine the complex relationship between bushmeat consumption and global health, finding that Western definitions of progress may overlook local cultures. By reframing conservation perspectives, they aim to create a more balanced narrative around this contentious trade.
A new study found COVID-19 hotspots in Canadian cities are concentrated along social determinants of health, including visible minority status. Prioritizing public health supports to specific neighborhoods can help curb transmission and improve pandemic response.
A retrospective cohort study of patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes found that non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) were associated with a lower risk of diabetes complications and mortality than warfarin. The study suggests that NOAC may be a better therapeutic choice for this patient population.
According to a new study, lifting over 1 billion people out of poverty worldwide would increase global carbon emissions by 1.6-2.1%. The main reason for this is the huge inequality in carbon footprint between rich and poor nations. Rich countries emit significantly more carbon than poor ones.
A new study on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) has found that group-level scores lack significance on an individual level. The normative study recommends a higher cut-off score for SDMT to accurately assess changes over time and predict disease progression.
New research suggests nuclear power can provide low-cost energy and replace natural gas as a backup source, enabling faster decarbonization in countries with poor wind resources. The analysis found that nuclear is the cheapest way to eliminate all electricity-system carbon emissions nearly everywhere.
Research published in BMJ Open found that older women with higher oestrogen levels had a lower risk of severe COVID-19 infection and death. Women taking hormone replacement therapy also showed a significantly reduced risk of dying from COVID-19, highlighting the potential benefits of hormonal treatment in reducing infection severity.
Researchers at Lancaster University developed a prototype that monitors brain signals while colouring mandalas, providing real-time feedback on mindfulness levels. The study found that technology could support emotional memory reflection and recolouring of completed mandalas.
A global study highlights inadequate information from healthcare professionals and lack of sensitivity leading to child vaccine hesitancy. Expectant parents are seeking alternative sources due to concerns about adverse reactions and long-term side effects, with some fearing measles as a minor childhood illness.
Three new rare bacterial phyla, Candidatus Qinglongiota, Heilongiota, and Canglongiota, were discovered by Shenzhen University researchers. They have diverse metabolic capabilities, including anaerobic fermentation and respiration processes.
Scientists at the University of Hamburg have calculated for the first time the future balance of Arctic coastal erosion, which increases by up to three meters per year with each degree of temperature increase. A shift towards greater sustainability could slow this process, but it's unlikely to stop land loss entirely.
A new study from the University of Waterloo provides a roadmap for faster improvements in water quality by tackling nitrogen legacies. The research recommends six steps to address this critical issue, which has persisted for decades due to excess nitrogen fertilizers.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic Cancer Center developed a machine learning algorithm that integrates genetic data from over 5,000 patients to predict patient benefit from chemotherapy and immunotherapy. A 32-gene molecular signature was identified, providing prognostic information and predicting patient response to immunotherapy.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have made a groundbreaking discovery about the origin of lightning using radio telescopes. They found that the sources of lightning are indeed the streamers, or tiny spark-like discharges, supporting one of two competing theories on how lightning begins.
A new daily drought index, DEDI, is developed to characterize spatiotemporal evolution of regional droughts. It outperforms existing indices in depicting onset, cessation, and intensity peaks of drought events.
A study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers finds that corn ethanol's environmental impacts are worse than expected, with carbon emissions potentially negating any climate advantages. The analysis suggests a shift towards next-generation biofuels made from perennial plants could be necessary.
Researchers have achieved triple-wave cloaking for both sound and light using computational inverse design method. This breakthrough expands the functionality of biphysical cloaks, enabling a wider range of materials to be used, including those beyond traditional metals.
A recent study found that people are equally convinced by false and true expert consensus, but provide source information can strengthen the latter. Researchers at UNSW Science's School of Psychology tested this phenomenon and developed strategies to combat misinformation. By providing context on how original sources used evidence to a...
A research team at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics synthesized renewable nylon monomers from poplar wood using a Pd/C catalyst. The total carbon yield was found to be 39.2%, enabling further conversion to valuable chemicals.
Researchers analyzed the 2018-2019 Bungo Channel slow slip event to gain insight into megathrust earthquake behavior. Despite its short duration, this event was larger in terms of slippage amount and slip velocity compared to past events, providing valuable information for predicting future earthquakes.
A recent study found that women have a 34% higher risk of severe toxicity than men in cancer treatment, with higher risks for immunotherapy and targeted therapies. The analysis of over 20,000 patients from more than 200 clinical trials supports the idea that sex may independently modulate drug toxicity.
Researchers from the University of Warsaw have developed a quantum processor that can efficiently provide information on matter hidden in light, improving spectroscopy measurements. The device achieves high resolution (15 kHz) using a small amount of light, surpassing classical limits.
A new study identifies COVID-19 hotspots in Canadian cities across four provinces, with concentrations of cases linked to social determinants of health such as income, housing and visible minority status. The study calls for city-specific public health supports tailored to communities at disproportionate risk of COVID-19.
A team of scientists has identified specific interferon-alpha subtypes that elicit a strong immune response against Sars-Cov-2. These subtypes were found to be highly effective in suppressing the virus, even when combined with antiviral drugs like remdesivir.
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Kansas has analyzed the cost of two commonly used interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder. The results showed that implementing emerging or ineffective interventions can consume valuable resources without promising positive outcomes. The study's goal was to p...
A team of researchers developed an enhanced version of a modern forensic test to solve a 5000-year-old cold case. The test confirmed the cause of death for a Neolithic man whose remains were found in a mass grave on the coast of Northern Chile, suggesting he died by drowning in shallow saltwater.
Scientists have simulated the growth of ultra-thin polycrystalline diamond films with promising results. The two-dimensional simulations revealed interesting geometric structures and shed light on how to create robust materials. The research has implications for biomedical science, quantum devices, and other applications.
Researchers compared two treatment methods for wide-neck aneurysms: microsurgery with clips and coils/stents deployed via catheters. Microsurgery was found to be longer-lasting, but endovascular therapy showed superior clinical outcomes in unruptured aneurysms.
Researchers at the University of Toronto have identified hundreds of new proteins associated with cystic fibrosis, including those that interact with the CFTR protein. These discoveries may shed light on why some patients respond better than others to current therapies.
The BRIGHTER project develops a new 3D bioprinting technology that creates complex and accurate human tissues, reducing the need for animal models. The technology uses light-sheet lithography to fabricate human skin and other tissues with high resolution and accuracy.
A small study found statistically significant improvements in various symptoms, including fatigue and chest discomfort, after EECP therapy in long COVID patients. Researchers believe this is the most plausible explanation for the benefits derived from EECP and its link to long COVID.
Researchers find that familiar stimuli quiet down brain activity in fruit flies, allowing for clearer processing of specific odors. This mechanism applies to neural circuits in other animals, including humans, and is essential for filtering out distractions to focus on relevant information.
Researchers discovered that cells in moving group push the front of their group, contrary to previous findings that they pull with their front edges. The discovery sheds light on how tissues apply force in groups to generate motion in living organisms, which could have implications for cancer spread.
Researchers found that loneliness is driven by different brain states than social anxiety, with distinct neural activity patterns. People with social anxiety showed increased amygdala activation and reduced nucleus accumbens activation, while those with high loneliness did not display these patterns.
A new study finds that federally funded comprehensive sex education programs led to a significant decline in teenage pregnancy rates, with an average reduction of over 3 percent. The research analyzed data from 55 counties that received funding and compared them to over 2,800 unfunded counties.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science have developed bionanoparticles derived from corn that selectively target and inhibit the growth of cancer cells, inducing tumor necrosis factor-α release. These findings suggest a novel, economical, and safe anti-cancer therapy approach.
A recent study published in the Journal of Wildlife Management found that vulture declines are linked to increased disease risks due to their absence. With no natural clean-up crew, diseases spread rapidly among scavenger communities, including feral dogs, which fill the ecological gap left by vultures.
New studies from Michigan Medicine researchers aim to remove financial barriers for patients who receive abnormal test results, enabling them to complete the diagnostic process. The findings suggest that removing cost barriers could save lives by increasing screening uptake, particularly among women and underserved populations.
A new study on nematode worms reveals that physical contact can help prevent neuromuscular decline in simulated microgravity. Researchers found that administering dopamine restored normal movement and body length in space-grown worms.
A new study found that businesses run by minorities, women, and veterans were more likely to experience negative effects from the pandemic than non-HUGO businesses. The researchers analyzed responses from over 1,350 businesses and found that demographic factors played a significant role in determining a business's resilience during the...
Researchers have discovered that altering the interface between two materials in time can lead to new opportunities for wave manipulation. This breakthrough enables novel concepts and applications in photonics, including nonreciprocal gain, power steering, and optical drag.
A team of researchers from Shinshu University has developed a precise numerical model of butterfly flight dynamics, revealing the intricate relationship between wing movement and air flow. The study's findings have significant implications for designing micro air vehicles (MAVs), which could lead to breakthroughs in aerospace engineering.
Researchers have developed a new approach to fabricate ultrathin solar cells using disorder-engineered AgBiS2 nanocrystals, achieving absorption coefficients up to 5-10 times greater than existing materials. This breakthrough enables the creation of high-efficiency, low-cost, and lightweight solar cells.
A new study reveals that roots are the true engine of terrestrial nutrient cycling, driving biodiversity in South Africa's Fynbos and Afrotemperate Forest biomes. The research found that Fynbos plants use thinnest roots to limit nutrient availability for trees, allowing them to outcompete forest species.
This issue of Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B presents several studies on drug-induced liver injury, including the role of p62/SQSTM1 in acetaminophen-induced liver injury and the importance of gut barrier function in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatotoxicity. The journal also explores mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated...
A new study examines the toxic impact of bio-based substances and innovative technologies on the environment, finding both biosurfactants and microgels as highly promising candidates for use in sustainable products. The results highlight the importance of integrating green toxicology into bioeconomy strategies.
Researchers at RIT have created a biophysical model that can predict changes in cartilage mechanics and function during disease pathways. The model, informed by experimental data, enables noninvasive predictions using MRI scans, potentially reducing the need for invasive procedures.
Assistant Professor Emily Cohen at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science received a $750,000 NSF CAREER Award to study migrating birds as communities. This research aims to fill critical gaps in understanding animal migration by considering migratory animals as networks of ecological interactions.
Researchers found that different types of ornaments in male yellowthroats are linked to the same superior genes that enhance survival of offspring. Females prefer larger-sized features such as a large black mask or large yellow 'bibs' depending on their location.
In a groundbreaking study, UCI scientists discovered how galaxies can strip smaller ones of their dark matter during collisions. This mechanism has the potential to explain how galaxies might be able to exist without dark matter, challenging long-held theories.
Trauma centers in the US are increasingly screening and intervening for patients with alcohol and substance abuse issues, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicidal ideation. A survey found that over 95% of trauma centers screen and intervene for high-risk patients, leading to significant reductions in re-entry rates.
USTC researchers develop a method named SCUBA for de novo protein design, employing a novel statistical learning strategy to generate protein main chain structures with high designability. This approach enables the creation of novel protein structures not observed in nature, expanding the diversity of accessible protein geometries.
Magnesium-based batteries offer a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries, with several significant advantages. However, developing cost-effective and high-performance batteries requires further research on electrolyte development, anode design, and cathode structure.
The KATRIN experiment has constrained the mass of neutrinos to a new upper limit of 0.8 eV, breaking into the sub-eV mass range relevant to cosmology and particle physics. This achievement demonstrates unprecedented precision in determining the mass of neutrinos.
Researchers adapted cancer models to predict effective drug combinations for treating Covid-19 at different stages of the disease. The study identified existing therapeutics that might be suitable for treating severe cases, and could help lower Covid-19 related deaths.
A new study by Dr. Brian Stansfield and Dr. Jessica Gancar found a clear linear relationship between mortality and red blood cell transfusion volume in newborns on ECMO, with a 14% decrease in survival chances for every transfusion. The study suggests that reducing transfusion volumes may improve outcomes.
New research from the University of East Anglia and partner institutions highlights the need for locally led research and equitable funding to address the loss and damage of heritage from climate change. The study suggests that decolonial approaches can strengthen adaptation action globally and recognize the breadth of heritage.
Researchers have updated the lunar chronology model using radiometric ages of new Chang'E-5 samples and crater counting data from the landing area. The new model provides a more accurate timescale, essential for understanding lunar and planetary history.
Researchers have developed a way to change the atomic structure of tin selenide using intense pulses of near-infrared laser light, creating materials with dramatic new properties. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for improving thermoelectrics and other materials by controlling their structure.
A study published in Trends in Cognitive Sciences found that older adults tend to store irrelevant information, making it harder to remember specific details. This can lead to a 'flood' of information, but also benefits like improved prior knowledge utilization and decision-making.
Researchers at the University of Bonn and Tübingen discovered specific brain cells that fire during mathematical operations. The study found unique neurons for addition and subtraction tasks, suggesting a complex coding system in the human brain.
A new method called DisCo enhances the efficiency of single-cell RNA sequencing by actively detecting and capturing cells using machine-vision. This approach allows for continuous operation and high capture efficiency, making it suitable for processing small cell samples such as tissues or patient biopsies.
A study of 3099 older Italians found that increasing physical activity levels between 65-75 years old can lower cardiovascular disease risks in late old age. Maintaining an active lifestyle over time was associated with a 52% lower risk of cardiovascular disease among men.
A 10-year study found that illicit amphetamine users were 5 times more likely to experience psychosis than non-users, with the risk increasing with age, number of arrests, and severity of addiction. Rehab was found to be effective in reducing this risk.
The Hastings Center Report examines four key considerations for assessing risk-trade-offs in the pandemic, including education, economies, healthcare, travel, social engagement, and medical countermeasures. The report also challenges traditional notions of advance directives in end-of-life care, proposing a new principle of patient aut...
Research reveals that approximately 3 out of 4 Fusarium infections of northern Vietnamese bananas are caused by F. tardichlamydosporum and F. odoratissimum, with wild bananas potentially acting as a sink for the disease. The study's findings suggest that concrete measures can be taken to control the future spreading of the disease.
A new method to produce hydrogen from water has been discovered, using cobalt and manganese as catalysts. This breakthrough could lead to a cleaner and more sustainable hydrogen economy, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
A team of researchers found that many marine phytoplankton are voracious predators, consuming bacteria like Prochlorococcus and other primary production. This discovery reveals the complexity of ocean ecosystems and challenges traditional views of phytoplankton as solely photosynthetic organisms.
A new study suggests that China's pursuit of carbon neutrality could lead to significant water savings, with 24% of industrial water use expected to be saved by 2060. However, some provinces may struggle to meet their water-use targets, and coordinated climate-water strategies are needed to address these challenges.
A new study found that physicians' attitudes about racism's effects on health predict their willingness to intervene when observing racist incidents. Fewer than half of respondents spoke up against racism they observed in the hospital, highlighting the need for training and support.
A new pathway has been discovered to explain how excessive alcohol consumption damages the liver, specifically through mitochondrial dysfunction. By targeting an enzyme called MATα1, researchers believe they can develop a new treatment for people suffering from alcohol-associated liver disease.
A University of Toronto study found high levels of hazardous chemicals in Canadian nail salons, with exposures up to 30 times higher than in homes and 10 times higher than in e-waste handling facilities. The study urges government and product manufacturers to make safer personal care products and safer spaces for workers and customers.
A study published in The Journal of Finance and Data Science found that using machine learning to estimate reward and risk improves portfolio performance. Machine learning helps provide accurate estimates by taking advantage of complex non-linear relationships between market variables, outperforming linear methods.
A team of geoscientists has discovered several dozen small impact craters in southeastern Wyoming, dating back to the Permian period. The craters, estimated to be formed by blocks ejected from a primary crater, provide new insights into Earth's asteroid impact history.
A genetic database has been created in El Salvador to help identify missing persons and victims of the country's civil war. The database, which includes 400 individuals, uses advanced sequencing technologies to assess genetic relationships between remains and relatives.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a new method to generate sulphur pharmacophores, which are crucial for drug discovery. The method uses a catalyst called pentanidium and can produce multiple variations of pharmacophores, making the process more efficient and fruitful.
Researchers found that healthcare providers who validated patients' emotions and explained outcomes led to 73% compliance with palliative care recommendations. Providers also reframed patients' emotions around hope and guilt to optimize quality of life, improving patient compliance.
Swine waste lagoon construction dates have been established for the first time using satellite imagery, providing insights into their environmental impact. The study focused on North Carolina and found that approximately 16% of lagoons were already in place before 1987.
Researchers developed a methodology to compress extensive genetic data libraries, reducing their size while preserving essential information.
A team of researchers from Skoltech and universities developed a neural network-based solution for automated recognition of chemical formulas on research paper scans. The algorithm combines molecules, functional groups, fonts, styles, and printing defects to mimic existing molecular template depiction styles.
Researchers at TU Darmstadt and Universitat Politècnica de València used HPC resources to develop a new symmetry-based turbulence theory, resolving the closure problem of turbulence. This approach allows for reduced computational grid size and direct access to mean values like air pressure and speed.
Researchers led by Charles Carter will investigate how critical molecules interacted and evolved together, leading to the emergence of life on Earth billions of years ago. They aim to characterize an ancestral alphabet and establish how it grew into the twenty-letter coding alphabet used in genes.
This study reveals melatonin's potential as an antibacterial agent against Gram-negative pathogens, particularly through the inhibition of citrate synthase. By damaging bacterial membranes and inducing leakage of intracellular contents, melatonin demonstrates its effectiveness in reducing bacterial loads.
A meta-analysis of 63 studies and 89,000 participants found that only a minority of young children worldwide adhere to recommended screen time limits. The study's findings highlight the need for improved parental guidance and regulation to protect children's health and development.
A multi-faceted intervention resulted in timelier lung cancer surgery for Black patients, with median times of 23 days compared to 43 days for historical groups. The ACCURE trial improved treatment rates and reduced treatment delays, demonstrating the effectiveness of addressing racial inequities in care.
The study identifies NEURL4, a mitochondrial ADP-ribosyltransferase enzyme, which plays a critical role in maintaining mitochondrial DNA integrity. The research suggests potential new strategies for treating diseases with a mitochondrial component, such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers from Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research discovered a previously unknown localisation of the porcine sperm protein 'AWN', strengthening its involvement in sperm-egg fusion. The findings are crucial for improving assisted reproduction methods, including artificial insemination.
A recent study found that early detection of type 1 diabetes in children can effectively monitor and treat the disease. The cost analysis shows that standard screening could reduce costs from 28 euros to 22 euros per child, while also preventing metabolic derailments and their consequences.
A Rutgers study found that hospital patients with repeated negative RT-PCR tests but exhibiting COVID-19 signs and/or symptoms were half as likely to receive treatment as those who tested positive. The study suggests that clinicians should not solely rely on RT-PCR tests for COVID-19 diagnosis.
A recent study found that Australian international border restrictions had a negative impact on mental health, with participants reporting high levels of psychological distress. The study highlights the need for policymakers to consider the toll of pandemic policies on people's mental health and wellbeing.
A study by University of Pittsburgh researchers found that blood levels of seven out of ten commonly used anticonvulsant medications dropped dramatically during pregnancy, leading to breakthrough seizures. The study aims to improve outcomes in women with epilepsy by better managing their medications over the course of pregnancy.
Researchers found that epigenetic inheritance can affect the genetic composition of a population for multiple generations. Exposure to high temperatures accelerated the rate of evolution, increasing the spread of genes through mating.
A team of researchers used computer modeling to discover that water-rich magmas are more buoyant and fluid than previously thought, allowing them to rise through the upper mantle towards the surface. This discovery provides new insight into the deep Earth water cycle and its connection to Earth's habitability.
Researchers identified that the changing weight of ice sheets caused the entire landscape to tilt, changing the course of the Missoula megafloods. This finding provides a new perspective on Washington state's Channeled Scablands, carved by massive floods at the end of the last ice age.
The UK has allocated £40 million to support four major research studies tackling key global environmental challenges. The projects will develop solutions for net zero cities, improve biodiversity, help rural communities adapt to climate change, and provide evidence for policy decisions.
Researchers at University of California - Riverside observe time crystals in a system not isolated from its environment, achieving a major breakthrough. The all-optical time crystal uses a disk-shaped magnesium fluoride glass resonator and has potential applications in accurate measurements and precision timekeeping.
A Kaiser Permanente study found that a third dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine significantly improved protection against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. The study's results suggest that three doses of the vaccine provide greater benefit than two doses in preventing these outcomes.
A new study found that audio music consumption decreased by over 12% during the pandemic, while people turned to video platforms for entertainment. The researchers attributed this shift to human mobility playing a larger role in music consumption than previously thought.
The COXEN GC score was a significant predictor of overall survival when looking at both treatment groups combined. The study found no association between COXEN scores and progression-free survival, but the biomarker may serve as a potential tool to improve patient outcomes.
A new electrocatalyst, Co2MnO4 spinel, shows high stability in acid environments for the oxygen evolution reaction. The researchers used density functional theoretical calculations and multi-dissolution pathways to explain its high stability.
A new Northwestern Medicine study reveals that more than half of young women in the US have at least one risk factor for poor heart health before pregnancy. Optimizing heart health before and during pregnancy can prevent complications, deliver a healthy baby, and even reduce the risk of heart disease years later.
A new study analyzed data from over 27,000 patients with multiple sclerosis to understand the impact of relapses on long-term outcomes. The research found that progression independent of relapse activity can start early in relapsing remitting MS and becomes the dominant driver of disability accumulation as the disease evolves.
A study found that individuals with lower-income levels and those without health insurance tend to incur higher out-of-pocket expenses for COVID-19 hospital care. The magnitude of these expenses was also influenced by the patient's insurance status, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to mitigate financial burdens.
A new study by Oregon State University found that kelp forests tend towards stability in areas with high substrate complexity, which retains 'drift algae' that urchins prefer to eat. This suggests that restoration efforts targeting these areas could create 'hotspots of resilience.'
Researchers have discovered a gene variant that protects against Alzheimer's disease by increasing the activity of brain immune cells called microglia. The P522R variant also enhances the activation of other important aspects of immune function, suggesting potential new strategies for treating or preventing the disease.
Researchers at Eötvös Loránd University have identified the molecular mechanism behind an important form of RNA modification, which can lead to genetic disorders. The discovery could pave the way for targeted RNA modifications and gene therapies.
Scientists resolve decades-long debate on Antarctic Ice Sheet sensitivity, finding it vulnerable to small CO2 fluctuations. Research shows that large portions of the ice sheet could have disappeared under current CO2 levels.
Researchers have discovered a strange new type of star with surfaces composed of carbon and oxygen, the by-product of helium burning. The stars' unusual composition suggests they may have formed through rare stellar mergers, but current models cannot fully explain their origins.
Zhisheng Yan at George Mason University has received a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to develop a cyberinfrastructure for panoramic video analytics. The project aims to enable online analytics and innovative applications in science and engineering monitoring.
Seagrasses form methane from methylated compounds, which persist in plant tissue for decades, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is highly efficient and robust against environmental stresses in seagrass meadows.
Researchers found AI-synthesized faces to be nearly indistinguishable from real faces and rated as more trustworthy. The study's results have significant implications for the spread of manipulated images, including potential use in revenge porn and propaganda.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 27 studies found that individuals with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder have an increased risk of mortality. The study suggests that understanding the underlying reasons for these associations could lead to targeted strategies to prevent avoidable deaths.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have developed a process to synthesize ammonia from its constituent molecules of nitrogen and hydrogen at ambient pressure, paving the way for efficient use in renewable energy applications. The new method utilizes lithium hydride as a molecular scaffold to prevent clumping and increase reaction speed.
A new study published in PNAS reveals that the environmental impacts of corn ethanol far outweigh its benefits, with carbon emissions potentially negating any climate advantages. The research highlights the need to shift towards next-generation biofuels and improve efficiency, electrification, and policy-making.
A new study found concentrations of pharmaceuticals at potentially toxic levels in over a quarter of the world's rivers, including major waterways like the Thames and Amazon. The research highlights the need for increased monitoring to mitigate environmental impacts.
New research links structural sexism and anti-LGB stigma with increased risk of preterm birth and decreased birth weight, regardless of the mother's sexual orientation. The study found that these systemic issues can limit access to reproductive health care and socioeconomic opportunities, contributing to adverse birth outcomes.
The review suggests that Telenomus remus has high potential to successfully suppress fall armyworm and related pests. A regional approach could work well, and the use of T. remus will be best done as part of an Integrated Pest Management programme.
Researchers will test the effectiveness of WeCAN, a group-based treatment designed to teach long-lasting management skills to individuals with traumatic brain injury and dementia. The study aims to identify behavioral, neuroimaging, and blood biomarkers that correlate with treatment efficacy.
The KATRIN experiment has achieved a new upper limit on neutrino mass of 0.8 eV, entering the cosmologically and particle-physically important sub-eV mass range. This is the first time that a direct neutrino mass experiment has reached this sensitivity.
A team of scientists used genetic testing to uncover the tactics of international criminal networks behind ivory trafficking out of Africa. The analysis linked most large ivory shipments to a handful of interconnected smuggling networks, expanding efforts to track and seize illicit shipments.
Results from the Phase III EMPOWER trial demonstrate the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitor cemiplimab in improving overall survival for women with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical cancer. The study showed a 31% lower risk of death in patients receiving cemiplimab compared to chemotherapy.
Researchers are developing systems to detect, characterize and track objects in cislunar space, or the space between Earth and the moon, to prevent lunar traffic jams and congestion.
Yi-Ching Lee, a George Mason University Assistant Professor, has received funding from the U.S. Department of Transportation for his graduate fellowship in transportation-related disciplines. He will conduct research on vehicle-to-interface communication systems to improve the deployment and design of these systems.
The study of Mercury's dynamic magnetosphere reveals large variations in the solar wind at perihelion and aphelion. Magnetic reconnection events, including flux transfer event 'showers', significantly contribute to the Dungey cycle and magnetosphere-surface-exosphere coupling.
Researchers designed a nanocleaner that specifically targets the blood-brain barrier at lesions to clean toxic proteins like A± and regulate inflammation in Alzheimer's disease. The nanocleaner, containing rapamycin and KLVFF peptide, accelerates ± degradation and alleviates oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory response.