Researchers are developing novel biomaterials to promote new blood vessel and axon formation after a stroke, aiming to improve neurological conditions. The project targets post-stroke immune response and aims to enhance the healing process.
Scientists from Tokyo Tech have developed a reusable catalyst for oxidative C–H functionalization, making the process faster and more efficient. The catalyst, murdochite-type Mg6MnO8 nanoparticles, can catalyze the selective oxidation of alkylarene compounds under mild reaction conditions.
A study published by Hiroshima University researchers reveals that the TAB1 gene is essential for rice grain formation. The gene plays a critical role in maintaining stem cells until the last stage of flower development, leading to ovule formation and seed production.
A study of 74 healthy individuals found correlations between spleen volume and gender, age, and certain blood parameters such as HGB, HCT, RBC, ALT, but not others like LYM%, PLT. Spleen volume was estimated using the Cavalieri principle and stereological method.
University of Missouri researchers are using a video game to teach middle schoolers about science and improving literacy outcomes for second graders through speech recognition software. The programs aim to increase student engagement and prepare them for future careers in various fields.
A new study suggests that preventing pandemics could save around 1.6 million lives and reduce mortality costs by $10 trillion annually by investing just 5% of the estimated annual economic losses associated with human deaths from COVID into environmental protection and early-stage disease surveillance.
The SAPIENS Podcast Season 4 explores how Black and Indigenous voices are changing the stories of archaeology, sharing experiences of Black and Indigenous archaeologists. This season delves into areas such as slave ships, museums, boarding schools, and culinary legacies.
Scientists discovered oscillatory bifurcation patterns on liquid metal surfaces, mirroring the cyclic power blocs in 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms.' The unusual patterns emerge due to surface instability, with potential applications in plasmonic sensing and high-efficiency electronics.
A highly virulent subtype-B HIV-1 variant has been found to cause exceptionally high viral loads and rapid CD4 T cell decline, making it more infectious. The 'VB variant' emerged de novo around the millennium with over 300 significant genome changes, making its mechanisms of elevated virulence unclear.
A recent study from the University of Kansas found that college students' self-reported attitudes towards sex on dates do not match their actual behavior. When men initiated dates, sex was more restricted than when women asked for a date. In contrast, female-initiated dates saw genital contact occurring on 63% of occasions, while tradi...
The NRG-GOG 0281/LOGS trial demonstrated that trametinib significantly reduces disease progression and improves response rates in women with recurrent low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary/peritoneum. The study found a trend towards higher overall survival rates when compared to standard of care options.
A study by Washington State University researcher Soobin Seo found that people are more comfortable talking to female robots working in service roles in hotels. The preference is stronger when the robots are described as having more human features, with participants rating female robot interactions as more pleasant and satisfying.
Researchers found sublingual immunotherapy with house dust mite extract to be effective in reducing signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The treatment, administered over 18 months, resulted in significant improvements in pruritus and lesions, with rare side effects.
A comprehensive quality-improvement initiative in a NICU reduced death and severe brain bleeding in extremely preterm infants from 27.4% to 15%. The program introduced evidence-based practices, including electronic order sets, improved monitoring of blood carbon dioxide and pH levels, and standardized delivery room practices.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco have developed a CRISPR activation method that allows them to activate genes in human immune cells, revealing key regulators of cytokine production. This breakthrough accelerates immunotherapy research and may lead to more powerful cancer treatments.
Researchers discover unique bat-pollination system in Fiji's kuluva trees, highlighting co-dependence between species and urgent conservation needs. The novel chiropteropisteusis system sheds light on the evolution of flowering plants and threatens tree and bat species.
Researchers from the Complexity Science Hub Vienna propose that homophily, or interacting with like-minded individuals, automatically leads to social balance and stability. They demonstrate this using data from the Massive Multiplayer Online Game Pardus, where players tend to form friendships with those who share similar characteristics.
Neurobiologists demonstrated that humans can unconsciously distinguish between even very similar sounds, but often don't recognize these differences. The study used EEG to measure brain responses to stimuli and found that the brain reacts differently to local and global irregularities in sound sequences.
Scientists at the University of Bonn discovered the structure of the NLRP3 protein's binding site for CRID3 inhibitor, which can target inflammatory diseases like gout and Alzheimer's. The study provides a powerful therapeutic tool against chronic inflammatory diseases.
A new simulation suggests that energy released near a black hole's event horizon during magnetic field line reconnection powers the intense flares. The process involves interactions between the magnetic field and material falling into the black hole, releasing hot plasma particles that radiate away as photons.
The first US peer-reviewed study on omicron patient outcomes found significant differences in infection behavior. Ominron patients are significantly younger, have increased vaccine breakthrough rates, and are less likely to be hospitalized compared to patients with alpha or delta variants.
Research from the University of Sheffield and University of Glasgow found that lockdown restrictions led to an increase in drinking at home, particularly among those living alone. The study suggests that these new habits should be closely monitored as restrictions ease, with potential long-term consequences for health.
Climate change projections indicate a dramatic increase in extreme rainfall-surge events along the US East and Gulf coasts, with compound flooding events expected to worsen flood risks. Sea level rise and storm intensification are identified as key drivers of this phenomenon.
A large-scale study of UK twins found that identical twins shared a greater affinity for nature and frequent visits to natural spaces compared to fraternal twins. Heritability estimates ranged from 46% for nature orientation to 34% for garden visits, suggesting a moderate genetic influence.
Researchers identified two classes of DNA elements: tethering and insulators, which work together to regulate gene expression. Tethering elements facilitate timely activation by bringing enhancers close to target genes, while insulators prevent interference between neighboring genetic loci.
A high-quality diet during pregnancy is associated with a lower risk of fetal growth restriction, according to new research. The study found that individuals with a healthier diet scored higher on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Healthy Eating Index, resulting in reduced risk of FGR and gestational hypertension.
A study published in Science Advances reveals that individuals with less memory loss in old age tend to gain more knowledge, contrary to the previously assumed compensatory power of crystallized abilities. The findings suggest a strong dependency between changes in fluid and crystallized abilities.
The authors argue that lethal mutagenesis, which introduces errors into viral genetic code, could be an important antiviral strategy. However, its long-term effects on human health are unclear and require further study.
A groundbreaking genome-wide association study identified 123 genetic regions linked to migraine risk, including two specific genes targeted by recently developed drugs. The study provides insight into the biological basis of migraine and its subtypes, paving the way for new treatments.
A study published in Nature Communications reveals that Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system generate pain signals during migraines. Blocking these signaling pathways using nanoparticles offers promise for novel migraine treatments.
Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have developed a way to interfere with the energy pathway that allows liver cancer to grow and spread by targeting the pyruvate kinase protein. This approach uses antisense oligonucleotides, which reduce tumor development in mouse models, offering a potential treatment for liver cancer.
Researchers developed a method called 6mASCOPE that measures DNA tagging system accuracy and distinguishes bacterial from human DNA. The study found high levels of methylation in plant, fly, mouse, and human cells, but mostly attributed to contamination.
Astronomers have detected two mini-Neptune planets losing their atmospheres due to stellar radiation. The finding provides evidence that these worlds may be transforming into super-Earths. The study uses data from W. M. Keck Observatory and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope.
A new high-temperature polymer fuel cell operates at 80-160 degrees Celsius, solving the overheating issue in medium-and heavy-duty fuel cells. The new technology achieves a nearly 800 milliwatts per square centimeter rated power density, improving upon state-of-the-art fuel cells.
A new study found that pregnant people on Medicaid who received intensive care management had lower preterm birth rates compared to those who did not. This initiative, known as Pregnancy Medical Home (PMH), provided comprehensive care from a team of professionals, including social and economic support.
A new study by UC Santa Cruz found that many California cities still lack meaningful discussion of equity in their climate action plans. The research team analyzed 170 plans and identified common pitfalls, including a focus on aesthetically
The probe measures salinity, temperature and pressure, making three measurements per metre before returning to the surface. The successful deployment provides valuable insights into freshwater input to the marine Arctic ecosystems and its effects on global ocean currents.
A study by Bar-Ilan University and Galilee Medical Center found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with severe COVID-19 cases and high mortality rates. Patients with low vitamin D levels were 14 times more likely to have severe or critical cases than those with normal levels.
Researchers explored pigeons' categorization strategies using computer-generated stimuli and machine learning analysis. The study found that pigeons attach importance to specific characteristics of stimuli, leading to individualized categorization preferences.
Researchers propose using NFT digital contracts to enable patients to specify who can access their personal health information and track sharing. This could help democratize health data and give individuals more control over their health information.
A new study found that automated smart technology, including video engagement, can increase mean hand-washing duration and the number of users who achieve recommended 20 seconds of hand washing. However, researchers suggest that video content should be refreshed every 3 months to sustain engagement.
A new cloud-based data resource has been developed to help identify new subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal neurological disorder. The tool, part of the Answer ALS collaborative effort, uses biological and clinical data from over 1,000 patients to better understand the disease.
The February issues of The American Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Services highlight new research on the opioid crisis, with a focus on improving treatment outcomes. Additionally, the latest issue of Focus features articles on novel neurotherapeutics and practice guidelines for peer specialists and supervisors.
A study led by Przemyslaw Nogly at PSI has detailed insight into the mechanism of a light-driven chloride pump in bacteria, revealing how light energy converts to kinetic energy and transports chloride ions inside cells. The pump uses two molecular gates to ensure one-way transport, with the process taking around 100 milliseconds.
Cornell University chemists have developed a class of nonprecious metal derivatives that can efficiently power cars and generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. The breakthrough could enable wider deployment of hydrogen fuel cells, replacing combustion engines and reducing waste.
Research from the University of Bath finds that companies with strong diversity and inclusion climates can spur support for trans staff, even among those initially hesitant. The study emphasizes the importance of practical frameworks, leadership, and authentic allyship initiatives to create a more inclusive work environment.
Researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology identified a chemical substance responsible for the resistance of Nicotiana attenuata plants to sucking leafhoppers. The study used field research, molecular biology and chemical analyses to uncover a new defense mechanism in tobacco plants.
A new study will focus on the biological mechanisms causing cataracts, potentially leading to new treatments. The research team, led by Nicholas Delamere, PhD, will investigate the role of protein ion channels TRPV1 and TRPV4 in age-related lens cell changes.
Researchers successfully fabricate CNT transistors with controlled quantum transport at room temperature by altering the helical structure of metallic CNTs. This breakthrough may lead to the creation of energy-efficient nanoscale electronic devices.
Researchers found two gas reservoirs, one containing solar gas and the other with terrestrial water signature, in the earliest stages of our solar system. This discovery suggests that Earth's water was present before the accretion of its constituent blocks.
Researchers found that young adults with cannabis use disorder are more likely to experience recurrent strokes compared to those without the condition. The study suggests that chronic marijuana use may impair blood vessel function and increase the risk of future strokes.
Researchers found no notable differences in early hospital arrival time or use of EMS for first-time and recurrent strokes, despite varying patient characteristics. The study highlights the need for more information about stroke signs and symptoms to improve hospital arrival times and reduce disability.
Researchers at the University of Massachusetts Amherst developed a physical model that yields unprecedented high-resolution look at slip rates of faults, determining likelihood of earthquakes. The study reveals fault lines in kitchen sinks can predict earthquake-causing forces.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that reducing air pollution exposure can slow cognitive decline in older women, with benefits seen across various demographics. The research followed 2,232 women for up to 20 years, revealing a significant association between improved air quality and reduced cognitive decline.
Scientists at Technical University of Munich discovered a promising combination therapy for mesenchymal PDAC subtype, showing improved T-cell infiltration and cell cycle arrest when using nintedanib with trametinib. The treatment significantly improves the response of highly aggressive mesenchymal PDAC subtypes in mice.
A mathematical modeling study predicts that routine immunization with TCV could avert 46-74% of all typhoid fever cases in 73 countries. Vaccination is also expected to reduce the relative prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid by 16%, preventing millions of cases and deaths.
A new telehealth strategy for post-stroke care improved patient engagement and blood pressure control among stroke survivors living in underserved communities. The study found that remote blood pressure monitoring with mobile devices and video visits led to better health outcomes.
Researchers created three computer models to optimize housing and service provider locations, ensuring former offenders can access necessary services efficiently. The tool addresses limited public transportation options, a major barrier to successful reentry.
A study found that severe COVID-19 is associated with endothelial dysfunction, strong inflammatory processes, and a dysfunctional immune system. The researchers discovered seven plasma proteins linked to severe disease, which are also involved in the regeneration of the endothelial barrier during recovery.
Research reveals that obesity leads to a decline in adipose tissue's ability to respond to changes, causing insulin resistance and inflammation. This loss of function can be addressed through modulating fat tissue phenotypes for therapeutic purposes.