Researchers from OIST developed a PCR test that detects nine sex-determining genes in Okinawa mozuku germlings, enabling the identification of male and female haploid and diploid stages. This allows for crossbreeding to create heat-tolerant strains, improving yields and addressing issues with detachment and contamination.
The Gloucester, a warship that sank in 1682 while carrying James Stuart, has been discovered off the Norfolk coast. The wreck is significant due to its age and political context, offering insights into 17th-century social, maritime, and political history.
Researchers found that the asteroid is similar to 'Ivuna-type carbonaceous chondrites,' which date back to the solar system's beginnings. The samples show signs of having been soaked in water, but the rock itself appears relatively dry, hinting at similar formation conditions between comets and asteroids.
Climate scientists argue that climate actions need to be established at multiple time scales, with a focus on slow emerging changes such as deep ocean warming and sea-level rise. This requires the development of a system of scientific ocean monitoring with a time-scale in mind, considering risks like abrupt slowdowns of ocean circulation.
A University of Maine study found that two major glaciers in West Antarctica are losing ice at unprecedented rates, potentially contributing up to 3.4 meters to global sea level rise. The researchers used radiocarbon dating and relative sea-level data to determine the glaciers' stability over the past 5,000 years.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University developed an AI-powered method for robots to recognize and pour transparent liquids like water. The technique uses contrastive learning for unpaired image-to-image translation, enabling robots to see through different backgrounds and pour accurately.
A team of scientists at Tokyo University of Science has successfully produced hydrogen peroxide using spent coffee grounds and tea leaf residue. The new method, which is simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, opens up new applications for unused biomass resources.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have identified LIPE, a lipase that degrades triglycerides, as a promising candidate therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Inhibiting LIPE reduced alpha-synuclein inclusions and alleviated neurodegeneration in patient-derived neurons and a C. elegans model of toxicity.
Researchers developed perovskite quantum dot microarrays to achieve better results in full-color light-emitting devices and expand potential applications. The technique resolves challenges such as optical crosstalk and aggregation of quantum dots, increasing pixel thickness and efficiency.
Researchers have directly imaged four new brown dwarfs orbiting stars from far away, significantly advancing our understanding of these enigmatic objects. The study utilized a novel approach combining space and ground-based facilities to detect hidden companions.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that the interferon gamma receptor (IFNgR) signaling pathway is crucial for susceptibility of glioblastoma tumors to CAR T-cell immunotherapy. The study found that loss of genes in this pathway renders solid tumors resistant to CAR T-cell killing, but not liquid tumors.
A study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that moderate drinkers who binge drink are at a higher risk of developing multiple alcohol problems. Researchers analyzed survey responses from over 1,200 adults and found that most cases of binge drinking occurred among individuals who were average moderate drinkers.
A study found that investing 1% of global GDP in green recovery could reduce CO2 emissions by 6-8.5% by 2030 through accelerated low-carbon energy production and improved industry efficiency. A sustained investment program combined with strong climate policies is necessary to meet the Paris Agreement targets.
Researchers discovered Zophobas morio 'superworms' can survive on polystyrene diet, suggesting they can derive energy from it. The worms' gut microbes are believed to play a crucial role in breaking down the plastic material.
A drug targeting IDH1 mutations in select cancers also inhibits wild-type form under certain conditions, making it a promising therapeutic option. Laboratory experiments and mouse models demonstrate the efficacy of Ivosidenib against various cancer types, including pancreatic, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer.
A recent study found that as women gain fame, their media coverage becomes increasingly negative, while men's coverage remains stable. Successful women are scrutinized more closely for flaws in their performance.
Scientists have discovered a new molecule, ERX-41, that effectively targets and kills cancer cells with elevated endoplasmic reticulum stress. The compound exploits the weakness in cells not previously targeted by other drugs, showing promise for patients with triple-negative breast cancer and other hard-to-treat cancers.
Researchers have created a new electrical test to screen hundreds of gene mutations, pinpointing harmful mutations that cause inherited heart disorders and sudden death. The breakthrough can identify genetic variants associated with neurological conditions, muscle and kidney diseases.
A new study found that patients with long COVID have virus-specific T cell levels over 100 times higher than those who recovered from the disease. The research team's findings suggest hidden viral reservoirs may be causing long-term symptoms, guiding future treatments towards vaccines and antiviral medications.
A study published in the American Political Science Review found that pregnancy significantly decreases women's political engagement, which persists even after having a child. In contrast, male partners' reduced engagement is largely recouped within four years of parenthood.
Researchers found that the brain's gestalt cortex helps people make sense of ambiguous information and dismiss alternative interpretations. This phenomenon, called naive realism, leads to irrational confidence in one's own understanding of the world.
A new study by UCL researchers found that heavy drinkers in England are four times more likely to smoke than the general population. Those at risk of alcohol dependency who smoked had the highest smoking prevalence, with nearly a third starting smoking within five minutes of waking.
A high-fat diet can lead to increased fructose metabolism in the small intestine, resulting in the release of glycerate into circulation. This can cause damage to insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells, increasing the risk of glucose tolerance disorders and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Research found that exposure to drought in previous generations increases complementarity between plant species, making them more resilient to subsequent droughts. This transgenerational effect enhances the sustainability of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
A new analysis reveals that marine RNA viruses predominantly infect protist and fungal hosts, including plankton, and sort into four distinct ecological zones. The study found that RNA viruses have a large influence on the ocean ecosystem, affecting processes like photosynthesis and ocean carbon flux.
A new genetic study published in Nature Genetics found that roughly one in five invasive breast cancers following ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are genetically unrelated to the original DCIS. The findings provide a deeper understanding of DCIS biology and suggest that DCIS should be considered a risk factor for the development of inv...
A workplace mental health program significantly reduced employees' symptoms of depression and anxiety, allowing them to stay in the workforce. Employers also saw a positive financial return on investment from the program.
Dogs with metastatic lung disease were treated with protein interleukin-15 (IL-15) via inhalation, demonstrating immune system stimulation and cancer cell elimination. The study showed a 40% clinical benefit rate, outperforming previous human studies.
A study by researchers from the University of Basel found that probiotics can improve depressive symptoms in patients taking antidepressants. The probiotic group showed a greater improvement in symptoms than the placebo group, with changes in intestinal flora composition and brain activity when viewing emotional stimuli.
Researchers at the National Eye Institute have discovered a novel genetic eye disease, a type of macular dystrophy that affects central vision. The disease is linked to mutations in the TIMP3 gene, which regulates retinal blood flow and is secreted from the retinal pigment epithelium.
Researchers have successfully integrated microcomb-driven silicon photonic systems, increasing data capacity and efficiency in large integrated circuits. The technology, developed by UCSB professor John Bowers and collaborators, enables the creation of high-speed data links with unprecedented scalability.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict NAFLD development based on gut microbiome data, showing 90% of subjects who developed the disease had subtle differences in their samples. The model combines easily measurable information from blood and microbiome data with high accuracy.
A new study has uncovered evidence of very early Islamic burials in the Levant, dating back to the late 7th and early 8th centuries. The analysis of two individuals' remains revealed a possible connection to the Arabian Peninsula, highlighting the arrival of new cultural/religious practices in the region.
Researchers discovered a new spinosaurid dinosaur, 'White Rock spinosaurid', on the Isle of Wight, known for its impressive length and limited fossil material. The discovery supports previous findings that spinosaurids originated in western Europe.
A study of 155,000 adults found that those with limited income, lower educational attainment, or living in rural areas were more likely to have a poor diet. Researchers from the American Cancer Society analyzed data to identify the association between socioeconomic and geographic factors and diet quality.
Physicists confirm quark mass existence via observation of dead cone effect, a phenomenon predicting quarks with higher masses emit fewer gluons. The effect, predicted 30 years ago, involves a 'dead cone' where gluons do not appear at lower energies and larger quark masses.
A study led by Brigham and Women's Hospital investigators has revealed that alpha-synuclein plays a dual role in Parkinson's disease, interacting with both vesicles and P-body structures. This new understanding may lead to targeted treatments for the disease, with ongoing genetic studies aiming to identify optimal therapeutic targets.
Researchers have used cryo-EM to visualize the structure of a protein assembly called Nuclear Exosome Targeting (NEXT) Complex, which plays a crucial role in degrading faulty or unwanted RNA molecules. This breakthrough could help understand how defects in RNA degradation pathways contribute to diseases like cancer and cystic fibrosis.
Researchers at MIT identified a flawed analysis of website-fingerprinting attacks and developed new techniques to prevent them. They found that attackers can use machine-learning algorithms to decode signals leaked between software programs, enabling them to obtain private information.
A new study from Mount Sinai Heart found that heart failure patients unvaccinated against COVID-19 are three times more likely to die from it than those who are fully vaccinated and boosted. The research also shows that these unvaccinated patients face higher risks of hospitalization and ICU admission if infected with the virus.
The June issue of SLAS Discovery focuses on the role of microRNAs in cancer progression, particularly Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus-derived miRNA K12-1. Researchers have also developed a new software workflow called Screener to automate data analysis from automated patch clamp electrophysiology platforms.
Research finds that business-case justifications for diversity can undermine belonging among LGBTQ professionals, female STEM-job seekers, and Black students. Fairness-case explanations may also induce social identity threat, although to a lesser extent.
Researchers from Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg found that people with the Impostor Phenomenon devalue their objectively measured performance and attribute positive results to external causes. The study showed no relation between actual intelligence or performance and self-reported degree of Impostor Phenomenon.
A new study reports on 20 case studies of phage therapy, showing the therapy's success in over half of patients and no adverse effects. The treatment has been shown to be effective against treatment-resistant Mycobacterium infections, with some patients experiencing spectacular outcomes.
A new study by Stanford researchers shows that nature-based solutions, such as conserving marshlands and restoring beaches, can be as effective as concrete seawalls in protecting against sea-level rise. The research found that these solutions provide extra benefits, including opportunities for recreation, climate change mitigation thro...
Researchers from Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and partners will continue developing fundamental soft matter simulation methods, improving techniques and applying them to real-world problems. The project aims to establish routine use of multiscale techniques for simulating soft material properties.
A new field study found that warmer waters in the Atlantic and Pacific peak at higher temperatures, leading to increased predator activity and altering prey communities. This warming trend may disrupt balances in ocean ecosystems, potentially leading to changes in species interactions and ecosystem function.
Researchers found that 'killer' T-cells used in immunotherapy can also destroy tumour lymphatic vessels, greatly reducing the risk of metastasis. This synergistic effect could increase treatment effectiveness against cancers with high lymphangiogenesis.
A group of researchers discovered a new species of green algae, Gormaniella terricola, in Central New York State. The alga's unique chloroplast genome was found to contain DNA from fungi and bacteria, highlighting the importance of horizontal transfer.
The SHIELD program employed rapid saliva testing, real-time data analysis, and fast reporting to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The program's success led to a significant reduction in cases and deaths on campus, with Champaign County experiencing a third less COVID-19 cases than expected.
Developed by a multidisciplinary team, the system remotely controls guidewires through tiny blood vessels using an external magnetic field. This reduces radiation exposure and simplifies procedures.
Researchers reviewed literature from 2000 to find only one reported case of monkeypox transmission following exposure in non-endemic areas. The study suggests a low risk of nosocomial transmission, but highlights the need for more data on exposure definitions and personal protective equipment use.
Researchers tracked medium ground finches' movements day and night, finding they cover areas equivalent to 30 soccer fields and gather nightly in a lush grove. This behavior helps birds fight cold and reduces predation risk.
A recent study has found that prolonged use of videoconferencing for work, known as 'Zoom fatigue,' is associated with increased levels of loneliness, depression, and even food insecurity. The researchers concluded that employers and employees should consider the impact of videoconferencing on mental health and productivity.
Researchers have created new geological models that provide a better understanding of the Earth's history and natural hazards. The models include updated maps of tectonic plates and geological provinces, offering new insights into plate boundary zones and the formation of supercontinents.
Researchers at New Jersey Institute of Technology have identified the precise location where solar flares accelerate particles to near-light speed. The discovery sheds light on fundamental processes of particle acceleration in the universe, offering new insights into space weather events.
A new framework for dialogic validation encourages teachers to recognize students' unique perspectives and cultural backgrounds, fostering a supportive classroom space. The study found that displaying curiosity and acknowledging students' contributions enhanced engagement and participation.
A new study found that 82% of teens and young adults are open to COVID-19 vaccine incentives, but 21% question their ethics. Most youth believe incentives will promote vaccination and serve the greater good, while some express concerns about bribery or eroding trust in vaccines.
Researchers at Cranfield University found that leaving cabin doors open on passenger ships accelerates the spread of Covid-19. Closing doors limits the area affected by infected particles to within a seat's width.
Researchers have identified three distinct brain circuits in the thalamus that contribute to Parkinson's disease symptoms, including motor dysfunction and depression. By manipulating these circuits, they were able to reverse Parkinson's symptoms in mice, suggesting potential new therapeutic targets.