Researchers developed an AI-powered model to assess rare-earth compound stability, leveraging machine learning and high-throughput density-functional theory. This framework has far-reaching applications in materials science, including designing new compounds for clean energy technologies and optimizing magnetic properties.
A new study examines the effects of socioeconomic drivers on food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research highlights the importance of cash assistance in reducing food insecurity, particularly for households with female and/or less-educated heads, and those experiencing income loss due to the pandemic.
Researchers from Osaka University discovered a group of brain cells in the claustrum that control stress-induced anxiety behaviors. Activating these cells led to anxious behavior, while deactivating them increased resilience against chronic stress.
A new rice rat species, possibly arboreal, was discovered in Ecuador through detailed skull analysis. The species, Mindomys kutuku, has distinct characteristics that distinguish it from its sister species.
Scientists have developed a new technology to decode brain activity and infer the meaning of a person's mental picture. The study used electrocorticogram to detect patterns in brain activity while patients imagined different images, revealing distinct representations for each concept. This breakthrough could lead to the development of ...
A unified approach to electrochemical energy storage involves recognizing a spectrum between chemical and physical retention of ions. This understanding can lead to the development of devices that combine high energy and high power, such as flexible batteries for wearable electronics.
Chiral materials are explored for spintronics due to their symmetry and electronic transport properties. Researchers successfully created magnet-free chiral nanowires that enable controlled spin polarization by manipulating the magnitude with an electrostatic gate.
Researchers at UBC Okanagan have adapted a plastination technique to strengthen bamboo and reduce its degradation rate, making it more environmentally friendly. The innovation has the potential to significantly reduce non-degradable waste in industries such as construction and packaging.
The study found that homologous recombination repair mutant type (HRRmt) was prognostic of progression-free survival and predictive for olaparib activity in women with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Patients with BRCA mutations showed clinically significant activity when treated with experimental drugs.
A recent study found that bison reintroduction to mixed-grass prairies increases bird diversity and cervid occupancy in riparian areas. Vegetation changes associated with bison grazing promote biodiversity, benefiting multiple species.
Researchers from UBC Okanagan and the University of Exeter found ketamine to have significant anti-depressant and anti-suicidal effects in a comprehensive systematic review. The study suggests ketamine may be helpful in treating various disorders, including eating disorders, substance use, and anxiety.
A collaboration study led by HKUMed found that patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have a 52% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to treatment-responsive patients. TRD also consumes greater healthcare resources in both psychiatric and non-psychiatric services.
Scientists analyzed urine proteomes from COVID-19 patients and identified CLYBL, a citramalyl-CoA lyase that consumes itaconate in the TCA cycle. Increased CLYBL levels led to decreased itaconate levels, suggesting its potential as an immune modulating metabolite for COVID-19 treatment.
Researchers at the University of Oxford and the University of Pennsylvania have fabricated vibrating nanostrings that resonate at predetermined frequencies. The new approach allows for rapid tuning with higher efficiency, potentially leading to longer-lasting batteries and improved data rates.
Frank Aylward aims to understand the effects of giant viruses on ecosystems and their hosts' evolution. His research will also develop novel bioinformatic tools and resources for genomic analysis of giant viruses.
Engineers at the University of Cincinnati have developed a promising electrochemical system to convert emissions from chemical and power plants into useful products while addressing climate change. The two-step cascade reaction converts carbon dioxide to ethylene, a chemical used in various industries.
A study assessed SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen testing accuracy among asymptomatic individuals in workplaces. Repeated testing was found to increase detection of COVID-19 cases, but also led to more false positives and decreased sensitivity.
Historical climate model data can now be improved using super-resolution technology, a new analysis tool that enhances older meteorological model data. Researchers have successfully reconstructed high-quality and high-resolution data using this method, which was previously used for image and video upscaling.
Researchers have developed nanocarriers constructed by nucleic acids with addressable and sequence specificity, showing potential in targeted delivery systems. The study explores the application of these nanocarriers in biosensing, cargo loading, and transport, as well as diagnosis and logic gates.
A recent study found that genetic changes in dogs' brain tissues are primarily about the number of genes affected rather than their function. The researchers discovered that approximately 3,500 genes were differentially expressed between young and old dogs, with most genes showing reduced activity in older animals.
A team of researchers from KAIST has developed a mind-reading system that can interpret arm movement directions from neural signals in the brain. The new system, based on a machine-learning algorithm and mathematical probability model, successfully classified arm movements in 24 directions in three-dimensional space.
Recent studies show that CMIP6 models better simulate the spatial distribution of sea surface salinity and freshwater flux variability associated with ENSO. However, some models still have large uncertainties in simulating interannual variations, requiring further improvement in related physical processes.
The latest nTIDE February 2022 COVID Update reports little change in unemployment for people with and without disabilities, despite the decline of COVID-19 cases and lifting of pandemic restrictions. Experts note that labor force participation rates are improving for those with disabilities, but remain stagnant for those without.
Children who started learning English in primary school performed significantly better in listening and reading comprehension in grade nine compared to those who started later. The study found that the transition between school types played a key role in the long-term success of English language education, highlighting the need for wel...
A new analysis suggests that ending automatic early release from prison for terrorists will undermine their rehabilitation and threaten their human rights. The study, published in Legal Studies, argues that the changes, known as TORERA 2020, create a 'cliff-edge' in managing the risks of releasing terrorists.
A study found that higher doses of antibiotics are needed to eliminate bacterial infections with other microbes present. Researchers developed a model of the human airways to replicate poly-microbial infections, which often persist despite treatment in people with cystic fibrosis and other lung diseases.
A randomized clinical trial found that acquiring a medical marijuana card led to a higher incidence of cannabis use disorder but no significant improvement in symptoms of pain, anxiety, or depression. Immediate access to medical marijuana resulted in improved sleep.
Scientists at the University of Tokyo have successfully created an RNA molecule that undergoes Darwinian evolution, developing from a simple single molecule into diverse complex molecules. This breakthrough experiment provides empirical evidence for the emergence of complex life systems from simple biological molecules.
Researchers found that the Pfizer antiviral drug Paxlovid still quashes COVID by targeting a key protein involved in replicating the virus. The study also identified signs of emerging mutations, indicating an urgent need for new drugs to combat potential resistance.
Researchers have developed a direct method for generating complex structured light through intracavity nonlinear frequency conversion. This technique uses transverse mode locking to produce vortex beams, which are then converted into second-harmonic generation beams with distinct structural characteristics. The study demonstrates the p...
Researchers at UNLV's Nevada Extreme Conditions Lab have discovered a new form of ice with unique properties. The team found that the transition to Ice-X occurs at much lower pressures than previously thought.
Researchers analyzed 240,000 yeast strains to uncover the genetic basis of heritable traits. They found that a handful of key loci have major additive and dominance effects, but genetic background can modify or mask these effects due to genetic interactions.
A new University of Kentucky study published in Science Signaling suggests that replenishing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol could be an effective treatment for sepsis. The research found that a synthetic form of HDL provided protection against sepsis in mice, increasing survival rates and improving kidney function.
A new article provides guidance on increasing breastfeeding rates among incarcerated women, highlighting the need for policy updates and strategic collaborations with existing programs. The recommendations aim to address structural barriers and low implementation of lactation support in hospitals and correctional facilities.
Researchers at MIT have developed a way to create lightweight fibers out of petroleum residue, offering advantages over traditional carbon fiber materials. The new process uses heavy waste material left over from refining, reducing production costs and enabling the creation of load-bearing applications.
Children who contract both corona and RS virus have a higher risk of hospitalization than those with corona alone. The study found that the proportion of serious illness among children with both viruses was lower than for those with corona, suggesting an advantage to contracting both viruses.
Researchers studied fossil jaws and found that early jawed vertebrates had optimal shapes for strength and speed. The study used mathematical models to characterise jaw shapes and test their strength and efficiency.
Researchers at UC Berkeley discover that Antabuse helps improve sight in mice with retinal degeneration by reducing hyperactive retinal cells. The treatment may one day lead to better therapies for humans with inherited diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.
Researchers have identified a single gene, FOXG1, that can control brain cell growth in humans. The discovery provides hope for developing new treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders and stopping brain tumor cells from growing.
The American Society of Transplant Surgeons' COVID-19 Strike Force recommends vaccinating patients on the organ transplant waiting list. This move aims to improve patient safety and reduce transmission risks during the pandemic.
Scientists have generated an atlas of cell types in white adipose tissue, identifying novel subpopulations linked to increased risk of metabolic disease. The study provides a comprehensive resource for translational research into human metabolic diseases.
A team of researchers found that re-activating the Piezo1 protein allows muscle stem cells to repair broken down muscles in mice with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The study opens doors for potential molecular-level treatments to slow or halt disease progression.
A recent study published in Pediatrics found that Hispanic/Latino youths experiencing food insecurity have poorer HDL-C levels, greater fasting glucose and triglycerides, and a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The study highlights the need for nutrition policies to address food insecurity among this population.
A study of 5,635 individuals with colorectal cancer and 4,515 controls found that living with overweight or obesity for more years increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. The findings suggest that weight management may be crucial in preventing this type of cancer.
A new analysis from Emory University reveals a significant increase in the parasitism rate of monarch butterflies over 50 years, with the O.E. parasite infecting up to 10% of eastern monarch populations. The rise in infection rates may endanger the mass migration of monarchs, threatening their survival.
Researchers discovered electronic structure properties common to high-performance thermoelectric materials and developed a versatile materials design approach. The database of two electronic structure parameters correlated with thermoelectric conversion properties revealed relationships between chemical elements and material properties.
Researchers found that fruit flies underwent widespread physical and genomic adaptation within weeks, with changes documented in 60% of their genome. The study's findings suggest a new paradigm for understanding the timescale of evolution, highlighting rapid and dynamic adaptation to environmental conditions.
A new study reveals that smoke from major wildfires can destroy atmospheric ozone in the Southern Hemisphere for months. Researchers warn that more frequent wildfires with a changing climate will lead to increased damage and exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Researchers have discovered a streamlined method for synthesizing novel neuroactive compounds found in the bark of Galbulimima trees, which may lead to new psychiatric and neurological drugs. The new approach enables easy synthesis at scale, paving the way for further study of these compounds' biological effects.
A new study by MIT researchers analyzed hundreds of millions of social media posts to measure the emotional toll of the pandemic. The study found that the pandemic caused a huge drop in positive public sentiment, with a subsequent slow return to pre-pandemic levels. Countries most affected included Australia, Spain, and the UK.
Researchers found extreme changes in stratospheric gases after the 2019-2020 Australian wildfires, potentially destroying ozone and affecting climate. The study highlights the impact of increasing wildfire activity on Earth's atmosphere.
A UC San Diego study found that excessive neuropeptide secretion by neuroendocrine cells in the lungs can lead to fluid buildup and poor oxygenation in both infant lung disease and COVID-19. Blocking these neuropeptides may be an effective treatment for conditions marked by excess lung fluid.
A new Yale-led study reveals that arc magmas have a higher oxidation state than rocks in most of the Earth's mantle. The research proposes that this is due to hot, water-rich fluids rising through an oxidized sediment layer, producing oxidized magmas that can ultimately erupt as lava from volcanoes.
The Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) robot has been shown to improve gait ability in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), allowing them to walk longer distances with reduced assistance. The therapy sessions, lasting only 20-40 minutes per day for four weeks, also demonstrated preservation of other vital functions.
Researchers analyzed polarized properties of five repeating FRB sources using FAST and GBT, revealing systematic frequency evolution and rotation measure scattering. This unified description indicates complex environments around bursting sources, including supernova remnants or plasma near massive blackholes.
Researchers Miao-Ping Chien and Daan Brinks have developed a method to detect aggressive cancer cells, which can help identify the genetic profile of individual cells and develop targeted medicines. This breakthrough has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for patients with cancer.
Researchers from UAB and UCL propose using the Earth-Moon System as a natural gravitational wave detector, capable of detecting signals from the early universe. By analyzing minute deviations in the Moon's orbit, they aim to uncover secrets about the cosmos.
Researchers from UNH and UNO found a significant gender pay gap in executive severance compensation, with male executives receiving up to $500k more than female counterparts. The study highlights the impact of bias on severance agreements and suggests that this can discourage women from seeking executive roles.
Columbia University researchers have engineered a microbial encapsulation system that temporarily hides therapeutic bacteria from immune systems, allowing them to deliver drugs to tumors and kill cancer cells in mice. The system, called iCAP, controls the bacteria's surface by manipulating gene circuits.
A global study reveals that native forests consistently deliver better ecosystem services, particularly in warmer regions, compared to extensive tree plantations. Reforestation efforts are best achieved through the restoration of native forests for optimal benefits.