A study published by Boston University researchers reveals that social interactions can activate vivid memories and elicit emotional responses. The study found that animals' fear memories were enhanced by observing a stressed cage mate, but not by direct physical interaction.
Researchers have deciphered the activity of B12-dependent radical SAM enzymes, which regulate methane production by archaea. The study's findings have implications for biotechnologies that control key enzymatic events and could help reduce global warming.
Researchers have developed a lead-free ultra-broadband LED using lanthanide-doped double perovskites, offering improved stability and cost-effectiveness. The device shows promising applications in spectroscopic analysis and multifunctional lighting, outperforming previously reported ultrabroadband light sources.
A research team at Pohang University of Science & Technology developed an optical encryption platform that works in both the visible and ultraviolet regimes. The platform uses metasurface technology to display unique product numbers and improve encryption security.
Researchers have described a pioneering chemical technique that can degrade proteins implicated in cancer, potentially increasing the potency and selectivity of new and existing drugs. This technique, known as proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), targets specific structures within cancerous cells to reduce harmful side effects.
A new AI tool has been developed to classify breast density on mammograms with high accuracy, overcoming limitations of visual classification. The tool, TRACE4BDensity, showed 89% accuracy in distinguishing between low and high density breast tissue, and was validated by external experts.
A massive study on white clover found that urbanization leads to adaptive evolution at a global scale. RIT scientists collected over 110,000 samples from 160 cities across six continents to test a chemical defense compound's effect on stress tolerance.
A recent study found that enzyme Dicer plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of chromosomes. In mammalian cells, Dicer works with protein BRD4 to promote genome stability. Removing Dicer from embryonic stem cells caused chromosome misalignment and cell death.
A new research project on Science, Society and Environmental Change in the First Millennium CE has been selected for a €2m European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant. The team will investigate how humans responded to environmental and climatic change between 1 and 1000 CE using textual, archaeological and environmental evidence.
The UK report highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to future climate adaptation research and equitable partnerships. Embedding local knowledge and co-designing solutions with local stakeholders are crucial for effective adaptation.
Researchers have discovered an essential role of LCOR in enabling cancer cells to present tumour antigens, making them visible to the immune system. This approach increases the success of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer, a subtype with low treatment response rates.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University discovered nearly twice as many men with cancer among those living with HIV compared to those without the virus. The study emphasizes the need for continued use of antiretroviral therapies and HPV vaccination to address known risk factors.
A new study by University of Konstanz researchers found that women are 50% more likely to be considered for top executive positions in companies facing financial crises. The 'glass cliff' theory suggests that these appointments serve as a signal to investors, conveying a sense of change and readiness for big changes.
Researchers have found direct evidence of strong electron correlation in ABC trilayer graphene, a two-dimensional material that can switch between metal, insulator, and superconductor states. The discovery provides insight into the underlying physics driving these switchable materials.
Researchers at the University of Huddersfield have identified a key mechanism by which the coronavirus causes inflammation in the brain's immune cells, potentially explaining some symptoms experienced by COVID-19 patients. The study suggests that adequate funding is needed to further develop this research and its potential applications.
Researchers from the University of Cambridge and Oslo identify a century-old mathematical paradox as the Achilles' heel of modern AI. The paradox limits the existence of stable and accurate neural networks, making many AI systems untrustworthy in high-risk areas.
Researchers found that black swifts rise to extreme heights at night during a full moon, reaching altitudes of up to 4000 meters. During a lunar eclipse, the birds simultaneously lost altitude, suggesting moonlight plays a crucial role in their flight dynamics.
A new study found that making hepatitis C screenings a default order for patients who meet guidelines doubled the rate of screenings among those recommended. The no-click system resulted in an 80% screening rate, compared to 42% under a previous alert system.
A recent study by Virginia Tech's Shreyans Goenka explores the psychology behind conservative reluctance to accept federal welfare programs. The research shows that conservatives are less likely than liberals to enroll in welfare programs without a work requirement policy, but can be encouraged through targeted marketing messaging.
A study published in the American Heart Association's Hypertension Journal found that a significant rise in blood pressure upon standing may identify those with a higher risk of serious cardiovascular events. Young adults with untreated stage 1 hypertension who experienced an exaggerated blood pressure response to standing were five ti...
A new study published in Frontiers in Oncology has shown that mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccines are well-tolerated by high-risk patients with impaired immunity. The trial enrolled 566 patients and found no evidence of increased adverse events or interference with treatment, reassuring vaccine-hesitant immunocompromised individuals.
Researchers create a prediction market where AI agents make predictions on hypothetical replication studies, providing explainable and scalable confidence estimates. The system achieved accuracy of approximately 90% in predicting replication outcomes.
A new study found that marine cold spells are becoming less intense and frequent due to ocean warming. This shift could reduce the impact of mass die-off events but also diminishs refuges from heat waves, threatening ecosystem resilience.
Researchers developed a new reading method for SOT-RAMs that can nullify the readout disturbance, reducing it by at least 10 times. The method involves creating a bi-directional read path, cancelling out the disturbances produced by spin currents.
Autophagy is induced when ER-bound ribosomes are stalled, rescuing them from cellular harm. The ERC grant aims to decipher the role of Autophagy in rescuing stalled ER-bound ribosomes.
A new predictive model, LAMAP, assesses landscape variables to identify potential archaeological sites. The model was tested in Alaska's Tanana Valley and successfully predicted high-potential areas for hunter-gatherer campsites.
Researchers uncover phosphatidylserine's role in microglia-mediated synaptic pruning of new neurons, essential for normal neuron maturation. This mechanism helps regulate synapse number, preventing abnormalities in neural circuits.
A team of researchers from the University of Münster has made new findings on the internal clock of the fruit fly, demonstrating the role of transport proteins in regulating circadian rhythms. The study found that ions transported by KCC play a crucial role in synchronising the internal clock with external day-night rhythms.
Scientists recreating primordial conditions discovered that dew droplets in a CO2-rich atmosphere facilitate the replication of short DNA molecules. These cycles promote DNA mutations and recombinations, leading to longer DNA strands. The findings suggest dew droplets as the first compartments for DNA evolution.
Researchers at Northwestern University discovered key structures controlling methane conversion in methane-eating bacteria, enabling potential human-made biological catalysts. The findings may lead to biotechnological applications such as harnessing methane from fracking sites or cleaning up oil spills.
A team of scientists successfully investigated the electronic structure of tautomeric mixtures using inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at BESSY II. They can now experimentally separate the signal of each individual molecule, providing detailed insight into their functionality and chemical properties.
A new study found that excessive daytime napping among seniors is associated with an increased risk of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease. After a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's, daytime napping duration triples, suggesting that the brain's wake-promoting neurons may be affected by dementia pathology.
Researchers found that people with severe alcohol use disorder reported missing 32 days of work each year, while those without the condition missed around 13 days. The study suggests that addressing alcohol use disorder in the workplace could lead to economic incentives and improved employee health.
Researchers found that female Faeder variants produce fewer offspring, but this disadvantage helps their males, who benefit from their rarity and obtain more matings. The contrasting effect of the variant contributes to its persistence over time.
A gene called Fer2 has been identified as a key player in protecting dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. In flies and mice, overproduction of Fer2 reduces oxidative stress and prevents neurological defects characteristic of Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have developed two human antibodies that target Ebola virus and Sudan virus, showing promise for a powerful antiviral therapy. The antibodies, 1C3 and 1C11, can block three glycoprotein sites on the virus at once and target the fusion machinery used by the viruses to infect host cells.
The NIH's All of Us Research Program has released its first genomic dataset, featuring nearly 100,000 whole genome sequences from highly diverse participants. This dataset will enable researchers to address unanswerable questions about health and disease, leading to new breakthroughs and advancing discoveries.
A new study from St John's College, University of Cambridge suggests that robots can help produce solar fuels, accelerating the world's transition to green renewables. The 'cyber-leaf' concept uses AI and robots to create sustainable syngas, reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Researchers from Mexico and Poland discover fragments of a proton's interior exhibit maximum entanglement, affecting theoretical predictions. The study relates this phenomenon to concepts like entropy and temperature, previously linked to exotic objects like black holes.
A retrospective analysis of nearly 30,000 patients found that those who received lithium were less likely to develop dementia. The study supports the possibility that lithium could be a preventative treatment for dementia.
A new study found that more than half of local public health departments experienced harassment during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Over one-third of public health officials who resigned or were fired reported incidents of harassment.
The American College of Cardiology's health policy statement outlines organizational and individual strategies to address bias, discrimination, bullying and harassment in the workplace. The statement provides resources and tools for individuals, organizations, and professional societies to build respectful and inclusive work cultures.
The holo-imprinting method overcomes the mass production bottleneck of traditional holographic optical elements. It uses photoalignment and reflective planar LC optics to record high-quality linear polarization fields. The technique has been experimentally validated with samples exhibiting excellent optical quality.
Research reveals ENSO's impact on PM2.5 concentrations varies by region, with Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Fenwei Plain experiencing higher levels during El Niño years. In contrast, the Pearl River Delta region sees decreased pollution in El Niño relative to La Niña due to enhanced precipitation.
A new research project led by Professor Edze Westra aims to uncover the mechanisms of molecular communication in viruses, which coordinate their infections and replicate in infected cells. The team will use a combination of theoretical, experimental, and observational approaches to address key questions about viral communication systems.
A new study from the University of Colorado Boulder finds that customized training and technical assistance can help Brazilian cattle ranchers sustainably increase their production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The program resulted in a significant impact on carbon sequestration and emissions, equivalent to reducing CO2 emis...
Researchers at Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf developed a laboratory-based model of acute kidney injury (AKI) using three-dimensional kidney organoids. They treated the organoids with a toxic substance to replicate processes such as inflammation and cell death, which are common in kidney diseases.
A study of 181 long COVID patients found that seven in ten experience concentration and memory problems, with many performing worse than their peers on cognitive tests. Cognitive symptoms were more pronounced in people whose overall ongoing symptoms were more severe.
A new study found that e-cigarette use significantly increases adolescents' risk of cannabis use, especially among those with externalizing mental health problems. However, for those with internalizing mental health issues, the relationship is reversed, and they are less likely to begin using cannabis.
Scientists at Columbia University's Zuckerman Institute have discovered that floods of calcium originating from within neurons can boost learning and recall. The finding sheds light on the mechanisms underlying learning and memory, potentially providing new insights into Alzheimer's disease.
A study of 264 studies in 53 countries found that natural forests better support biodiversity and ecosystem services like carbon storage and water conservation. In contrast, plantations excel in wood production, highlighting a trade-off between environmental and economic goals in forest restoration.
A new report has provided the first scientific consensus on healthy daily light exposure to support sleep, alertness, and well-being. The recommendations aim to optimize lighting in workplaces, public buildings, and homes to promote healthier body rhythms and improve overall health.
Research reveals that plasmacytoid dendritic cells accumulate in visceral adipose tissue, triggering fatal immune responses. Blocking their migration can reduce weight gain and improve metabolic conditions.
A study found that double vaccinated individuals generate a potent and broad neutralizing antibody response after a delta breakthrough infection. This response provides protection against current variants of concern, including omicron.
A study found that microglia's TREM2 receptor is activated up to two decades before Alzheimer's symptoms appear in individuals with a genetic predisposition. This activation may slow cognitive decline and pathological brain changes. The research suggests modulating microglial activity could be a promising therapeutic strategy.
A new study found that restoring diverse native forests delivers greater climate and environmental benefits than simple tree plantations, but plantations outperform native forests in wood production. The research synthesized data from over 26,000 records to assess the relative performance of different forest restoration approaches.
A two-year project examines patterns in admissions and enrollment related to widespread adoption of test-optional admissions policies. The study aims to understand how these policies support greater racial and economic diversity in college enrollment.
A team of scientists found that Olalla's titi monkey adapts to a fragmented forest by switching to alternative foods like seeds, lichens, and fungi. The monkeys also reduce movement during lean times, enabling them to inhabit the Llanos de Moxos landscape.
The REGARD project, a collaborative effort between international universities, aims to develop competencies in rebuilding communities following disasters and conflicts. The final report presents a detailed summary of the findings, highlighting the built environment's role in supporting community resilience.
Researchers at Northwestern University have developed an electron-based catalyst for noncovalent bonding, promoting self-assembly and complex structure formation. This breakthrough enables the control of molecular recognition processes at a fundamental level.