A recent study led by Georgetown University researchers found that city wildlife may not be a significant threat for future pandemics. Urban-adapted animals host roughly ten times as many diseases, but after adjusting for sampling bias, the risk of human-infective viruses is no greater than in rural areas.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have successfully engineered artificial photosynthetic life-forms through endosymbiosis between cyanobacteria and yeast. The engineered chimera can survive and reproduce under optimal conditions, shedding light on the evolutionary origins of eukaryotic cells.
A large international study found that PHQ-9 accurately indicates the presence and severity of depression, regardless of sex, age, or language. The tool enables clinicians and patients to track and address depression by measuring both physical and emotional symptoms.
A new study from University of Gothenburg found that men with high childhood BMI are at an elevated risk of obesity-related cancer, even if their weight is normal in young adulthood. The study analyzed data from 6,565 men born between 1945 and 1961 and found a persistently increased risk of adult obesity-related cancer.
Researchers at Lehigh University developed a new method to accurately gauge healing progress of bone fractures using 3D models. The model identifies the cutoff point between soft tissue and bone, allowing for more precise predictions of bone behavior during the healing process.
A study found a significant increase in school mental health service use among adolescents in 2019, particularly among non-Hispanic Black and low-income students. This rise was attributed to the creation or expansion of school mental health programs following the Parkland school shooting tragedy.
Researchers found that fruit bats use echolocation during the day despite having excellent vision, suggesting a combination of both senses for enhanced navigation. This study highlights the importance of integrating different senses, like humans using visual and auditory information when crossing streets.
Canada's cancer rates are declining overall, but new cases and deaths are on the rise due to an aging population and growing numbers. Despite this, efforts in cancer prevention, screening, early detection, and treatment have led to improved survival rates for those diagnosed with cancer.
Experts propose a consensus approach to address the impact of forest fires on human health. The method emphasizes controlled burns as a tool to reduce explosive wildfires and improve forest health. The approach also prioritizes inclusivity in decision-making, particularly for populations disproportionately affected by smoke exposure.
The project explores symmetries underlying fundamental questions in computer science, statistics, and quantum information. Researchers aim to develop efficient numerical algorithms and new structural insights using a novel optimisation paradigm.
Researchers developed a core-shell structured nanotheranostic agent (YVO₄:Nd³⁺-HMME@MnO₂-LF) for orthotopic glioma imaging and therapy. The YVO₄ core exhibits NIR-II fluorescence properties, while the MnO₂ shell releases Mn²⁺ ions for T₁-weight MRI and provides O₂ in tumor microenvironments to enhance sonodynamic therapy.
Overdose death toll has more than quintupled among American Indian and Alaska Native communities between 1999 and 2019, with opioid-related deaths increasing steeply. The study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions addressing socioeconomic factors and racial discrimination to tackle substance use disorders.
A team of scientists successfully controlled multistep enzyme reactions using audible sound, creating a new method for spatiotemporal regulation. The researchers used standing waves generated by sound to separate and compartmentalize solutions, allowing for the precise control of chemical reactions.
Seagrasses release massive amounts of sugar into their soils, storing up to 35 times more carbon than forests. Microbes thrive on the sucrose despite phenolics inhibiting metabolism, and beneficial relationships between plants and rhizosphere microorganisms are found.
A survey of over 165,000 adolescents found a significant increase in school mental health service use in 2019 compared to prior years. The growth was particularly notable among Black adolescents and those from low-income families.
Researchers developed an AI system that identifies at-risk students and provides personalized guidance to improve their academic performance. The system sends relevant information and notifications to help students set goals, plan their learning process, and stay engaged in online courses.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota have created a new microfluidic chip that can diagnose diseases wirelessly using a smartphone. The innovation makes at-home diagnosis faster and more affordable, with potential applications for detecting viruses, pathogens, bacteria, and other biomarkers in liquid samples.
A study by Politecnico di Milano and Indiana University found a statistically significant association between online misinformation and vaccination hesitancy in the US. In states with high misinformation, lower vaccination coverage was observed.
Researchers found that trees in tropical forests produce significantly more seeds than those in boreal regions, challenging the assumption that larger seeds mean fewer offspring. The studies also reveal that seed production is not constrained by seed size and provide new guidance for forest management and replanting.
Research by Kerim Can Kavakli and Valentina Rotondi finds that restricting US foreign aid for NGOs providing abortion information leads to higher maternal and child mortality, as well as increased HIV incidence. The study estimates that this restriction may be responsible for up to 27,000 deaths per year.
A new study published in INFORMS Journal Manufacturing & Service Operations Management found that augmented reality devices increase worker productivity by 44% compared to traditional paper instructions. However, this technology also hinders long-term innovation and efficiency in the workplace.
Scientists at Osaka University created 3D human stem cell-derived lacrimal gland organoids that mimic the human tear duct. The organoids exhibited organization and branching patterns characteristic of the human lacrimal gland, demonstrating potential as a platform for regenerative therapies for dry eye syndrome.
George Mason University's Petricoin has received $30,558 in funding from Georgiamune, Inc. to analyze immune cells using reverse phase protein array technology. The research project began in March 2022 and will conclude by February 2023.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital discovered that skull channels enable cerebrospinal fluid to flow out of the brain and into the bone marrow, where immune cells can screen for signs of infection. This finding has significant implications for conditions like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
A study by researchers at Linköping University found that young men with high incomes are most vulnerable to financial nonsense. In contrast, older women with lower incomes are better able to distinguish true from false financial information.
A new study in mice suggests that forcing the turnover of specific immune cells called microglia can reverse cognitive and behavior problems associated with concussions. The findings provide a potential pathway for developing post-concussion therapies to ward off long-term mental health issues.
A new article explores how plant-based diets can support immunity and decrease the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Studies have shown that plant-based foods rich in nitrates and antioxidants can improve heart health and respiratory immunity.
Researchers found that grandmaternal exercise improved glucose tolerance and decreased fat mass in adult male and female grand offspring. The study suggests that exercise during pregnancy may have long-lasting effects on metabolic health, potentially reducing the worldwide incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The article examines blue whale whaling records from the North Atlantic, revealing a sharp decline in populations during large-scale exploitation. However, after regulation and moratoriums, the species has recovered due to protection measures.
Researchers developed an AI algorithm that can detect weak heart pumps in patients using single-lead Apple Watch ECGs. The study found high participation rates and high-quality data from over 46 states and 11 countries, demonstrating the potential for this tool to be widely used.
A new study by Boston University School of Medicine explores how youths of color conceptualize health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research uses Photovoice methodology to identify themes related to individual and community health, including inequitable access to resources and mistrust in healthcare. The findings emphasize the need...
A new study from Mayo Clinic suggests that AI-enabled electrocardiograms (ECGs) can predict atrial fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm abnormality linked to one-third of ischemic strokes. The algorithm also detects other cardiac disease markers and correlates with small vessel cerebrovascular disease and cognitive decline.
Researchers identified glacial refugia for Campanula americana and found that populations nearest the refugia had highest potential for speciation. This discovery highlights the importance of conserving habitats in Southeastern regions.
A new study by Ramin Hakami aims to improve detection of bacterial pathogens in food samples using an immunodetection method. The goal is to create rapid and accurate identification methods, which will be essential for food safety monitoring.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife Research have developed a mechanism to make temporary genetic changes in mosquitoes that self-delete over time. This technology has the potential to help manage mosquito populations and prevent vector-borne diseases like West Nile virus without permanently altering wild populations' genetic makeup.
Researchers at Stockholm University mapped physicochemical properties of proteins in 20,000 organisms, revealing a universal problem that has shaped the proteins of all cellular organisms. This balance between repulsive and attractive forces ensures functional control and is carefully tuned to an organism's environment and lifestyle.
Ads on VAs are better received if VA is a medium, not the source of the ads. Socially motivated users see VAs as companions and respond positively to ads delivered in context.
Astronomers at Stanford University propose a new method to manipulate solar gravitational lensing to create advanced imaging capabilities for detecting and studying exoplanets. The technique, developed by Alexander Madurowicz, uses the sun's gravity as a natural telescope to capture fine details on planet surfaces.
Researchers discover that type 1 TPCs encode SV channels in plant vacuoles, while type 2 TPCs likely encode distinct ion channels. This study provides functional and evolutionary insights into the TPC family in plants, shedding light on their role in plant growth and defence mechanisms.
A statistical analysis by researchers at the University of Waterloo found that public comments on changes to environment-related laws and policies declined during the pandemic. The study also revealed a significant increase in the use of Minister’s Zoning Orders (MZOs) by the provincial government, which bypass public participation.
Researchers developed efficient red emissive carbon dots (CDs) through a facile one-step solvothermal synthesis, enabling high-quality imaging in the red to NIR range. The CDs exhibited high photoluminescence quantum yield and enhanced multi-photon fluorescence when combined with bovine serum albumin.
The May issues of American Psychiatric Association journals explore the cognitive impacts of long-term cannabis use, the intersection of climate change and mental health, and tools to address children's mental health. The American Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Services feature research reports on these topics.
The S1216 study showed an unprecedented median OS of 70 months in the control arm, outperforming previous results by 24 months. This extended survival was attributed to additional life-prolonging treatments patients received after completing the trial therapy.
Researchers create high-performance catalyst to pull ammonia and solid fertilizer from low-level nitrates in industrial wastewater, reducing carbon dioxide emissions. The process works at room temperature and under ambient pressure, with potential for decentralized ammonia production.
A new supplement in Pediatrics suggests that early life interventions can improve later health outcomes and address pressing concerns around youth mental health. The Life Course Intervention Research Network calls for a major focus on supporting children's positive health development and sense of well-being.
The study maps the extent of threats to highly valuable Asian rosewood species in the Greater Mekong Subregion, proposing conservation actions. Three key species - Siamese rosewood, Burma blackwood, and Burmese rosewood - face significant risks from overexploitation, fire, habitat conversion, and climate change.
A new study by University of Cambridge researchers found that parents' beliefs about languages have a stronger impact on their children's attitudes than teachers or friends. This implies that efforts to reverse the national decline in language-learning should also target families, alongside schools.
Researchers at Stanford University discovered that extremophytes, such as Schrenkiella parvula, can thrive and even grow faster under dry, salty, or cold conditions. This unique response is attributed to the activation of different genetic pathways in these plants, allowing them to bypass conventional stress responses.
Researchers developed a decision support program to reduce blood draws in pediatric intensive care units (PICU), leading to reduced antibiotic prescriptions without increasing sepsis risk. The program resulted in significant reductions in blood culture rates and unnecessary medication use.
Researchers at WFIRM have developed a novel method to refine CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, increasing efficiency and decreasing large DNA deletions. The technique, which fuses DNA polymerase I or the Klenow fragment to Cas9, improves safety and functional editing outcomes.
A wearable sensor designed by University of Texas at Dallas bioengineers can detect two key biomarkers of infection in human sweat, enabling early warnings of infections such as COVID-19 and influenza. The sensor uses passive sweat technology and has been shown to identify interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP-10) and tumor necrosis f...
Researchers observed that bacteria change their swimming behavior to avoid getting stuck in confined spaces. In open areas, bacteria meander without discernible pattern, but upon entry into tight spaces, they straighten their paths to escape, suggesting physical features like walls and corners serve as crucial cues.
A new study describes a period of rapid global warming in an ice-capped world 304 million years ago, resulting in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels doubling and oceans becoming anoxic. Biodiversity dropped on land and at sea, with about 23% of the seafloor worldwide becoming anoxic dead zones.
Researchers at Boston University School of Medicine found Universal Health Coverage (UHC) to be the dominant approach in low- and middle-income countries' health systems, which may not guarantee equal access to services. The study highlights the need for critical examination of UHC's history, definition, and who's involved in its pursuit.
New research from the University of Georgia suggests that high school students who focus on one sport are more likely to get injured or suffer from burnout. The study found that over 42% of athletes reported a small level of specialization in one sport, while nearly one in five reported a high level of specialization.
Researchers found abnormal dopamine-serotonin brain circuit activity causes anorexia, which was reversed by restoring normal activity and inhibiting key receptor. The study provides potential therapeutic approach for treating anorexia, with future studies needed to explore sex differences.
Researchers have mapped the connections between DNA and blood proteins in two large populations, providing insights into disease causes and potential treatment targets. The study's findings could shed light on health disparities and help develop new therapies.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of 96 studies found a strong association between food marketing and eating behaviors in children and adolescents. The study suggests that food marketing may play a significant role in shaping the dietary preferences and consumption habits of young people.
A new UCLA-led study finds that affirmative action bans in states led to a decline of 37% in the proportion of underrepresented students in public medical schools. This decrease had a devastating impact on the diversity of the physician workforce, which is crucial for providing equitable healthcare services.
Recent studies found that pathologists perceive an overdiagnosis of melanoma, with many diagnosing cases as non-invasive melanoma despite variability in diagnoses. A study involving over 100 dermatopathologists showed a majority agree on the issue, but awareness may not be enough to reduce overdiagnosis.
Researchers at Simon Fraser University have discovered a deep connection between two previously distinct fields of physics, stochastic thermodynamics and transition-path theory, allowing for a framework to quantify reaction information. This framework enables researchers to separate signal from noise in massive datasets, facilitating b...
Researchers from the US and Japan have discovered the mechanism of GTP recognition by a tumor-promoting kinase, leading to the evolution of a GTP sensor kinase. This finding could lead to the development of a new cancer-treating drug that targets PI5P4Kβ using GTP instead of ATP.
Researchers find that black holes go through a 'hard' and 'soft' state during outbursts, with the final flash possibly indicating a brief expansion of the corona. The findings help scientists understand how supermassive black holes shape galaxy formation.
A study of nearly 9,000 children found that those on a vegetarian diet had similar measures of growth and nutrition compared to those who eat meat. Children with a vegetarian diet also had higher odds of underweight weight status.
A recent study from North Carolina State University found that mothers with limited financial resources experienced tremendous stress during the pandemic. However, they also valued the opportunity to spend more quality time with their children, showcasing their resilience.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered a mechanism Acinetobacter baumannii uses to survive in a dried state: producing hydrophilin proteins that protect against water loss. This finding could lead to new strategies for eliminating the pathogen from hospital surfaces.
Researchers used gene therapy to recover the TCF4 gene's function in human brain tissue, rescuing neural structure and function in brain organoids. The study offers promising insights into treating neurological disorders like autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia.
A new study reveals that corn varieties respond differently to herbivory in the presence or absence of a soil bacterium. The researchers found that only one type of maize increased its production of volatile compounds when exposed to the bacterium.
Researchers have developed a new approach to studying RNA molecules using nanotechnology and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), enabling the analysis of RNA subunits with unprecedented resolution. This breakthrough has significant implications for fundamental research, drug development, and RNA therapeutics.
Research suggests dopamine is involved in emotion recognition, particularly in low-dose individuals. Dopamine levels influence emotional perception, with lower levels improving emotional recognition while higher levels impairing it. This finding has implications for understanding social cognition impairments in neurological disorders.
A Rutgers study found that nontraditional 9/11 emergency workers are more than five times as likely to have considered suicide, with 12.5% expressing suicidal ideation compared to 2.2% of traditional first responders. Factors contributing to this disparity include inadequate training and financial hardship.
Researchers used PET and fMRI to study brain connectivity changes years before symptoms of Alzheimer's disease appear. Disruptions were found in the main memory network, even before cognitive impairment was observed, suggesting potential strategies for early detection.
Researchers developed a new model combining climatic and genomic data to predict forest tree growth in new environments. The model, based on maritime pine, showed improved predictions of population height growth by 14-25% compared to models using climatic data alone.
Brazilian researchers have discovered two novel enzyme families in the capybara's gut, which can accelerate the utilization of agroindustrial waste. The enzymes have biotechnological potential and can be used to produce biofuels, biochemicals, and biomaterials.
A new study found that older adults are no more likely to fall for fake news than younger adults, except for those aged 70 and above. Analytical reasoning skills and positive affect impact detection ability, with 'shallow' information processing increasing vulnerability to deception.
A study has identified disease mechanisms in children with severe COVID-19, including blood clotting and immune protein pathways. The research found specific proteins involved in multisystem inflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which are major potential outcomes of severe COVID-19.
A team of scientists has proposed a versatile photonic slide rule that enables simultaneous resolution of wavelength and polarization state. The device uses an all-silicon metasurface to achieve angle-resolved focusing spots, allowing for easy retrieval of the wavelength and polarization information.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed a practical new way to receive tactile feedback in virtual worlds using airborne ultrasound waves. The system, small and light enough to attach to VR goggles, creates sensations on the lips, teeth, and tongue, enhancing VR experiences.
New research published in Geosciences finds that precipitation, not temperature, influenced the distribution of herbivorous dinosaurs in what is now Alaska. Hadrosaurids preferred wetter climates with narrower annual temperature ranges, while ceratopsids preferred milder and drier conditions.
Researchers at UCLA have identified a gene on the Y chromosome that protects against pulmonary hypertension in men by reducing proinflammatory chemokines. The study suggests that targeting inflammation may be a promising new avenue for therapy, and could lead to effective treatments for this fatal disease.
Scientists have partnered with park rangers in Ecuador to monitor butterfly populations, which serve as an indicator of ecosystem health. This approach aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity changes over time, addressing the limitations of traditional conservation methods.
State bans on affirmative action policies are associated with lower enrollment of underrepresented minority students in public medical schools. The study found a 5.5 percentage point decrease in enrollment of underrepresented students relative to control schools.
Researchers proposed and experimentally demonstrated an all-optical random bit generation method using chaotic pulses quantized in the optical domain. This method generated a 10 Gb/s random bit stream, potentially operable at higher rates by exploiting ultrafast fiber response.
Researchers have discovered a new way to predict brain bleeds in unborn babies and newborns by analyzing platelet levels. The study found that babies are guaranteed to develop brain bleeds if their platelet count drops below 10%, while moderate levels may trigger the condition, but not extremely low levels.
A cross-disciplinary team at the University of Illinois used automated synthesis to discover a new mechanism for high conductance in organic electronics applications. The technology rapidly scanned through a library of molecules and uncovered unexpectedly high conductance, dependent on concentration and surface adsorption.
Research reveals that older men with higher BMI display reduced reproductive health, particularly in terms of sperm cell production. The study also highlights the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of testis aging and directions for potential treatment.
Research revealed that the absence of megaherbivores led to denser vegetations with larger seeds and fruits, as smaller animals could disperse these through their excretions. Defense traits like spines and thorns decreased during this gap but returned when new megaherbivores evolved.
A team of researchers developed a simple yet powerful strategy for creating new enzymes with novel reactivity that can produce valuable chemical compounds. They used photobiocatalysis to repurpose naturally occurring enzymes and achieved an enantioselective biocatalytic reaction.
A new study by University of California, Riverside researchers has found that coral-algal symbiosis can initiate without photosynthesis. This breakthrough could help corals survive climate change and ultimately save coral reefs.
Researchers at KIST and GIST have developed an ultra-high-speed, high-efficiency optoelectronic logic gate that can perform all five basic logic operations using light as input. This breakthrough enables the development of optical processors with high spatial efficiency and integration.
A new method developed by LMU geophysicist Max Moorkamp improves the accuracy of understanding the Earth's crust composition. By combining data on electrical conductivity and density, researchers can better distinguish between fluids and solid graphite in geological regions.
A study by University of Colorado Cancer Center member Jennifer Raybin found that creative arts therapy significantly improves quality of life for children and adolescents with cancer. The therapy, conducted by a trained clinician, helps patients express and process emotions through activities like dance, yoga, and art-making.
The new COBRE grant will help WVU recruit researchers and clinician-scientists to develop innovative solutions for preventing and treating incurable vision problems. The project aims to reduce visual disparities in West Virginia by understanding the complex combination of factors that contribute to these problems.
Researchers demonstrate atomic scale memristors capable of emitting photons during resistive switching, providing a compact and CMOS-compatible light source. The 'Atomic Photon Source' consists of a planar Ag/amorphous SiOx/Pt junction with optical antennas, emitting light during electrical connection formation.
A cohort study of nearly 1,000 pregnant persons in NYC found that neighborhoods most affected by racism and economic inequality had higher rates of COVID-19 infection and preterm births. The researchers linked structural racism and community unemployment to increased risk of preterm birth.
Researchers mapped living corals in Hawaii before and after a mass bleaching event, discovering 'winners' that thrive in cleaner waters with less coastal development. The study found coral reefs near heavily developed coasts are more susceptible to mortality during heat waves, highlighting the need for targeted conservation efforts.
A new study suggests that reducing daily sedentary time by just one hour a day can have significant health benefits in three months. The intervention group showed improvements in blood sugar regulation, insulin sensitivity, and liver health compared to the control group.
Researchers report rapid exhumation of Qinling and Taihang Mountains, linked to Asian climate reorganization. Thermal profiles reveal complex mantle structure with anomalous midlithosphere discontinuities in Siberian craton.
Scientists recommend practical strategies for managing biodiversity in a changing climate, including habitat restoration and assisted migration. Long-standing conservation measures remain crucial, while novel approaches like climate change refugia and protecting climate-adaptive genetics are gaining attention.
A team of researchers has confirmed that a volcanic eruption in 1628 B.C. was not Thera but Alaskan volcano Aniakchak II, helping to narrow down the potential dates for the Thera eruption's occurrence between 1611 B.C., 1562-1555 B.C. and 1538 B.C.
Researchers found that speeding can decrease fuel economy by 7% and result in an extra 28 cents per gallon at current US fuel prices. They also studied human behavior during the early days of COVID-19 and simulated cosmic collisions to better understand X-ray emissions.
Firearm injuries and associated healthcare costs are highest in the poorer South, but federal state programmes cover only a third of these expenses. The researchers argue that this is tantamount to an 'anti-poor policy'.
SourceBMJ Group·JournalTrauma Surgery & Acute Care Open·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateMay 2, 2022