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Science News for November 15, 2022


In utero exposure to flame retardants increases anxiety symptoms in adolescents

Researchers found that higher levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in pregnant women were associated with increased anxiety scores in their children at age 12. The study suggests that exposure to flame retardants during early brain development may be a risk factor for developing anxiety symptoms in early adolescence.

SourceUniversity of Cincinnati·JournalDepression·TypeObservational study·DateNov 15, 2022

Gradual increase in daily activity with psychological therapies can improve mental health for cancer patients and survivors

A systematic review found significant effects on anxiety, depression, fatigue, physical activity, quality of life, and social impairment in cancer patients who combined behavioural graded activity with psychological therapies. The effects remained significant after a period of one to three months.

Medicines with sugar chains

Researchers used native top-down mass spectroscopy to study the interplay between glycans and oligomerization in various therapeutic hormones and cytokines. They found that glycans significantly stabilize some proteins, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, while others, like interferon-β, are independent of glycosylation status.

SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Nerve cell discovery may lead to better treatment for diseases of the nervous system

Scientists at King's College London and the University of Bath have made a groundbreaking discovery about a molecule that plays a crucial role in nerve cell development. The study found that this molecule, known as SNRNP70, is not only present in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm of nerve cells, where it shapes messenger RNA strand...

SourceUniversity of Bath·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Corporate duty waivers limit organic company growth and innovation, with R&D investment falling by nearly one fifth

A new study co-authored by Bayes Business School found that larger public companies suffer from loss of innovation and lower share price value when managers are permitted to take decisions in their own self-interest. The study examined the effects of waiving fiduciary duties on R&D investment, finding a significant decline.

SourceCity St George’s, University of London·JournalReview of Financial Studies·TypeObservational study·DateNov 15, 2022

Decoding secretome-mediated neuron-immune cellular interaction network

Scientists used single-cell integrative secretion profiling technology to map the interaction between neurons and immune cells, revealing heterogeneity in secreted factors and their roles in regulating neuronal function. The study found that infiltrating macrophages inhibit neuronal secretion of exosomes, while microglia promote neuros...

SourceDalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy Sciences·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateNov 15, 2022

THE LANCET ONCOLOGY: Experts warn of a European cancer epidemic in the next decade if weaknesses in cancer health systems and cancer research are not urgently addressed

A new report by the European Groundshot Commission highlights current and future challenges in cancer research across Europe. The authors estimate that approximately one million cancer diagnoses were missed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the war in Ukraine poses a significant threat to clinical trials and workforce gaps.

SourceThe Lancet·JournalThe Lancet Oncology·TypeSystematic review·DateNov 15, 2022

Autonomous crawling soft ‘ringbots’ can navigate narrow gaps

Researchers at NC State University have developed a ring-shaped soft robot capable of crawling across surfaces when exposed to elevated temperatures or infrared light. The 'ringbots' are made of liquid crystal elastomers in the shape of looped ribbon, resembling a bracelet, and can pull a small payload across various environments.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalAdvanced Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

People with diabetes may benefit more from a pancreas transplant than other treatments

A new study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism reveals that pancreas transplantation can provide up to 90% of recipients with diabetes freedom from insulin therapy and glucose monitoring. Despite high success rates, transplant numbers have declined due to lack of consensus criteria, education, and resource ...

SourceThe Endocrine Society·JournalThe Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·DateNov 15, 2022

‘Bike boxes’ can improve urban intersections for cyclists, Oregon State research shows

A bike box setup can help cyclists stay safe at urban, signalized intersections by providing a visible space to navigate through the intersection. The study found that among three treatments, bike boxes were the most versatile, offering a balance of safety and requiring riders to perceive potential danger.

SourceOregon State University·JournalAccident Analysis & Prevention·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Dynamic apertures with diffusion-regulatory functionality in soft porous crystals: A key to solving the century puzzle on isotopologues separation

Researchers have developed a novel proposal for designing flip-flop dynamic crystals with temperature-regulated apertures to separate water isotopologues. The new material exhibits excellent separation factor and high selectivity, overcoming the century-old challenge in separation science.

SourceTsinghua University Press·JournalNano Research·DateNov 15, 2022

Personalized breast cancer screening could improve cancer survival and reduce overdiagnosis

A new model predicts individual breast cancer risk based on ten known risk factors, allowing for tailored screening strategies. The study found that the risk of developing breast cancer ranges from 0.22% to 7.43%, with some factors, such as exercise, having a greater impact than previously thought.

Cannabis not made safer by increasing its CBD content

New research from King's College London found increasing CBD content in cannabis does not significantly change the effects of THC on cognitive performance or psychotic symptoms. The study suggests that choosing cannabis with higher CBD:THC ratios may be safer due to lower THC levels, but CBD has no impact on intoxication quality.

SourceKing's College London·JournalNeuropsychopharmacology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

‘Sound’ly segregated supramolecular helices

Researchers have successfully segregated oppositely helical supramolecular polymers in a solution using audible sound, inducing surface vibrations and advection currents. This approach allows for the spatiotemporal control of chiral supramolecular systems, enabling the segregation of multiple aggregates.

SourceInstitute for Basic Science·JournalChem·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Beneficial and beautiful: Biodiversity of meadows and pastures can be an asset for nature, agriculture, and tourism

A large-scale study found that high plant diversity in meadows and pastures supports numerous ecosystem services, including pollination, soil quality and cultural experiences. Various stakeholder groups, from local residents to the tourism industry, can benefit from increased biodiversity.

Scientists find new variations among sperm cells

Researchers have found that genetic differences within individual sperm cells can affect their swimming behavior, which has implications for fertility and birth defects. The study identified greater variability in velocity among mutated samples compared to normal ones.

SourceNew York University·JournalScientific Reports·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Children learn more quickly than adults

A study published in Current Biology found that children exhibit rapid boosts of GABA during visual training, stabilizing new learning and making it more efficient. This discovery suggests that children may acquire new knowledge and skills faster than adults, with implications for teaching and learning strategies.

SourceCell Press·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeObservational study·DateNov 15, 2022

Evolutionary analysis shows SARS-CoV-2 variants converging

A new web-based tool called Taxonium is helping scientists track the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses by analyzing massive genetic datasets. The analysis reveals that COVID-19 variants worldwide are repeatedly evolving the same mutations, suggesting a convergent evolutionary process.

SourceeLife·JournaleLife·DateNov 15, 2022

A potential therapy to reduce the side effects of a chemotherapy

Scientists have identified a potential therapy to reduce the side effects of cisplatin chemotherapy, which can cause kidney toxicity and neuropathic pain. Istradefylline, an approved Parkinson's disease drug, has been found to mitigate these harmful effects while preserving cisplatin's anti-tumor properties.

SourceINSERM (Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale)·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·DateNov 15, 2022

Word choice and media exposure affected anti-Asian boycotts during the pandemic

A new study by Penn State researchers found that using China-specific language in discussions of the pandemic contributed to anti-Asian boycotts. People with high media exposure displayed high levels of anxiety, while moderate exposure led to increased anxiety when reminded of the virus's deadly nature and its connection to China.

SourcePenn State·JournalInternational Journal of Hospitality Management·DateNov 15, 2022

WALLABY builds an intergalactic map in the outback

The WALLABY survey has mapped over 600 galaxies, including many new discoveries, and will catalog over a quarter of a million galaxies to measure dark-matter distribution and galaxy evolution. The radio telescope's ability to peer through stars and dust in the Milky Way enables scientists to study the universe at unprecedented scales.

SourceInternational Centre for Radio Astronomy Research·JournalPublications of the Astronomical Society of Australia·TypeSurvey·DateNov 15, 2022

CHOP study finds multiple disparities in completing care after concussions

A recent study published by Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found significant disparities in the completion of follow-up concussion care among pediatric patients. Non-Hispanic black patients and those with public insurance were less likely to adhere to providers' recommendations compared to their white and privately insured peers. ...

SourceChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia·JournalJournal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 15, 2022

Footprints claimed as evidence of ice age humans in North America need better dating, new research shows

A new study disputes the evidence of ancient human footprints in North America, suggesting they may be thousands of years older than claimed. The dating method used relies on aquatic plant seeds, which absorb carbon from water rather than the atmosphere, potentially giving age estimates that are much older than the plants themselves.

SourceDesert Research Institute·JournalQuaternary Research·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

A world map of plant diversity

Researchers modelled relationship between plant diversity and environmental conditions, capturing how diversity varies along environmental gradients. The models predict highest concentrations of plant diversity in environmentally heterogeneous tropical areas like Central America and the Amazonia.

SourceUniversity of Göttingen·JournalNew Phytologist·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 15, 2022

Little objective evidence to show effectiveness of learner-centred teaching methods, study warns

New research by Dr Nozomi Sakata and colleagues found that learner-centered pedagogy can have positive results, but lacks comprehensive evidence to prove its effectiveness. Only 9 out of 62 studies reported objective evidence of improved academic learning outcomes, while many studies cited subjective experiences of teachers and students.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalInternational Journal of Educational Development·TypeMeta-analysis·DateNov 15, 2022

Younger generation experienced most workplace stress during Covid-19 pandemic, Kingston University researcher finds

A study by Kingston University and Maynooth University found that people in early stages of their careers were more likely to experience stress and disengage from work due to remote working. Mid-career workers faced exhaustion due to juggling responsibilities, while older employees considered leaving their professions prematurely.

SourceKingston University·JournalJournal of Vocational Behavior·TypeSurvey·DateNov 15, 2022

Faulty DNA repair may lead to BRCA-linked cancers

A new study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators discovered that error-prone DNA replication and repair may lead to mutations and cancer in individuals with BRCA1 gene mutations. The team identified a faulty DNA repair mechanism called microhomology-mediated break-induced replication (MMBIR) as a key contributor to genomic instabili...

SourceWeill Cornell Medicine·JournalMolecular Cell·DateNov 15, 2022

Next generation material that adapts to its history

Researchers at Aalto University developed a new material that changes its electrical behavior based on previous experience, effectively giving it adaptive memory. The material responds differently to varying magnetic field strengths, which affects its conductivity and allows for bistability and rudimentary learning-like properties.

SourceAalto University·JournalScience Advances·DateNov 15, 2022

Lundquist Institute investigator Dr. Eric Daar and research team find that HIV patients benefit from ingestible sensor technology on HIV Treatment

A study published in The Lancet Ebiomedicine found that HIV patients who used an ingestible sensor system had better antiretroviral therapy adherence and lower viral loads. The research, led by Dr. Eric Daar, showed the technology to be effective in monitoring medication adherence.

SourceThe Lundquist Institute·JournalEBioMedicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateNov 15, 2022

International research collaboration produces all-perovskite tandem solar cell with high efficiency, record voltage

A team of researchers from the University of Toronto and Northwestern University has developed an all-perovskite tandem solar cell with extremely high efficiency and record-setting voltage. The prototype device demonstrates the potential of this emerging technology to overcome key limits associated with traditional silicon solar cells.

Genes to potentially diagnose long-term Lyme disease identified

A recent study published in Cell Reports Medicine has identified 35 genes highly expressed in patients with long-term Lyme disease. These genes may serve as biomarkers for diagnosing the condition, which is often difficult to detect. The findings also suggest new therapeutic targets and could lead to improved management of the disease.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalCell Reports Medicine·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

‘Turning a blind eye’ a typical response to threatening managerial controls

A new study from the University of East Anglia found that employees who perceive managerial controls as restrictive and punitive may develop dysfunctional responses, including workplace deviance and deliberate ignorance. The study suggests that threatening managerial controls have different effects on skilled and non-skilled workers, w...

SourceUniversity of East Anglia·JournalAccounting Forum·TypeSurvey·DateNov 15, 2022

Unraveling the biology behind aggressive pediatric brain tumor reveals potential new treatment avenue

Researchers developed a mouse model of pediatric glioma with a histone mutation called H3.3-G34, revealing a promising outlook for long-term survival through radiation therapy combined with small-molecule inhibitors. The treatment approach also showed immune memory, allowing mice to eliminate new tumor growth without additional treatment.

SourceMichigan Medicine - University of Michigan·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Study: COVID-19 policies harmed minority women's perinatal experiences, magnified inequities

A new study found that unclear COVID-19 policies during the pandemic exacerbated existing health care disparities for Black, Indigenous, and other women of color. The research included 41 participants who reported feeling isolated, confused, and fearful due to lack of clarity from medical providers and federal public health officials.

SourceUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, News Bureau·JournalInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·TypeSurvey·DateNov 15, 2022

Seeing you distorts my memory

Researchers found adults with attachment anxiety tend to remember details incorrectly more often than people with other personality types. They were more likely to get facts wrong only when they could see the person relaying the information, not when reading or hearing it.

SourceSouthern Methodist University·JournalJournal of Personality·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Wireless earphones work as inexpensive hearing aids

Researchers found that AirPods Pro performed similarly well as premium hearing aids in quiet environments and helped participants hear more clearly compared to no hearing aids. However, AirPods failed to improve hearing in noisy environments with sound coming from the front.

SourceCell Press·JournaliScience·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Albert Einstein College of Medicine researchers develop promising new cancer therapy

Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine describe findings that could bolster the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint therapy by using natural killer (NK) cells. The research team developed a monoclonal antibody targeting KIR2DL5, which allowed NK cells to vigorously attack and shrink human tumors.

SourceAlbert Einstein College of Medicine·JournalJournal of Clinical Investigation·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

From cell walls to photosynthesis: How does manganese get to where it needs to go in plants?

A team of researchers from Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg has discovered a transport pathway for manganese in plants and the role that BICAT3 plays in this process. The protein is responsible for transporting manganese to where it needs to go in plant cells, leading to improved crop growth.

SourceMartin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg·JournalPLANT PHYSIOLOGY·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Promise of better treatment for diabetes in Greenland after discovery of widespread genetic variant

A novel HNF1A gene variant has been found to cause monogenic diabetes, affecting almost seven percent of all cases in Greenland. This discovery may pave the way for precision treatment using tablet therapy with sulphonylurea, offering a simpler and cheaper alternative to insulin.

SourceUniversity of Copenhagen - The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences·JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Europe·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 15, 2022

Professor Sanghoon Lee’s research team at DGIST developed a rotation-based triboelectric neurostimulator capable of real-time modulation of stimulus parameters

The DGIST research team successfully developed a rotation-based triboelectric neuro-stimulator capable of real-time modulation of stimulus parameters. This innovation overcomes the limitations of existing neurostimulators by enabling controlled frequency, pulse width, and amplitude adjustments during rotation.

Funding awarded for an innovation to recover hydrogen from waste to help safeguard energy security

A team at the University of Manchester has received funding to develop a novel hydrogen separation technique, which could make clean energy production cheaper and more sustainable. The project aims to overcome cost barriers for commercial hydrogen extraction from unrecyclable wastes, supporting ambitious clean energy targets.

SourceUniversity of Manchester·TypeObservational study·DateNov 15, 2022

Study identifies mental health disparities in rural schools

A recent study by Washington State University found that rural public schools are less likely to provide mental health services compared to urban schools, with only 38.3% offering treatment. Rural schools also reported lower funding and lack of access to qualified professionals as barriers to providing these services.

SourceWashington State University·JournalAmerican Journal of Preventive Medicine·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 15, 2022

New wind field models accurately describe wind gusts

Researchers at the University of Oldenburg have developed a new statistical model that accurately describes wind turbulence and generates fully three-dimensional wind fields using limited measurement points. This breakthrough enables precise wind turbine load estimation and improves wind farm planning, with applications in various fiel...

SourceUniversity of Oldenburg·JournalPRX Energy·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 15, 2022