A recent study by Duke University researchers has identified key risk factors for Black men diagnosed with early-onset prostate cancer. Genetic variants and a family history of cancer are associated with an increased risk of developing the disease. The study's findings could help reduce racial disparities in prostate cancer outcomes.
The study reveals that the Dust Bowl's extreme heating influenced temperatures across North America and beyond, suppressing cloud formation in some regions. The research suggests that the hot, exposed land in the central US triggered a wave-5 teleconnection pattern, which spread record-breaking heat to Europe and East Asia.
Researchers at USTC developed slidable graphene-based nanoresonators to modulate dynamics. They found the resonant frequency depends on gate voltage application and discovered a frequency loop due to stress and quasi-static pulling force.
An international research team proposes using engineered nanoparticles to fertilize ocean plankton, encouraging growth and carbon dioxide uptake. The approach has been shown to be safe and effective in enhancing plankton growth through controlled release of nutrients.
Research finds that individuals with dementia who receive care from an interprofessional team are more likely to visit the emergency department than those cared for by a physician-only practice. However, this team-based approach does not appear to reduce hospitalization rates.
Researchers developed an AI tool that distinguishes between four distinct groups of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas (SNUCs) based on DNA methylation patterns. This breakthrough could lead to targeted therapies and improve prognosis for patients.
Researchers from Seoul National University identified genes that suppress T cell exhaustion and stimulate effector cells to kill cancer cells. They found that Klf4 enhances cytotoxic secretions and reinvigorates exhausted T cells.
A team of WPI researchers has developed a potential breakthrough in green aviation: a recipe for a net-zero fuel for planes that pulls carbon dioxide out of the air. The fuel, made from magnesium hydride and hydrocarbon, could provide up to 8% more range than traditional jet fuel.
Marine cyanobacteria have developed smaller proteins to conserve nitrogen and survive in areas with low nutrient concentrations. They can detect and capture nitrate at nanomolar concentrations, allowing them to thrive in environments where others would struggle.
Researchers developed a deep learning model that uses a single chest X-ray to predict the 10-year risk of death from cardiovascular disease. The model performed similarly to established clinical standards and provided incremental value in predicting major adverse cardiac events.
The ESMO Immuno-Oncology Congress 2022 will present results from over 240 studies worldwide, exploring new insights on immune checkpoint inhibitors, biomarkers for treatment response, and combination therapy efficacy. The congress aims to accelerate progress in immuno-oncology.
A survey of primary care physicians revealed that those with beliefs about BZD potential harm were less likely to prescribe it. Clinicians with low concern about continuing BZDs for long-term treatment were more likely to prescribe the medication.
A study found that cryoablation, a freezing-based treatment, reduces cancer-specific mortality in patients with early-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) measuring between 3 and 4 centimeters. In contrast, heat-based thermal ablation has been shown to have a higher risk of death from kidney cancer for these patients.
A new study suggests that blood tests can predict survival odds for patients with metastatic cancer by analyzing the proportion of tumor DNA in the bloodstream. Patients with higher levels of tumor DNA in their bloodstreams were found to have poorer survival rates across all cancer types studied.
Researchers from Tsinghua University developed a flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and wide strain detection range, enabling the creation of an intelligent lip-language recognition system. The sensor can accurately distinguish large motions and detect minor changes, making it suitable for people with damaged vocal cords.
A Rutgers study suggests that mucosal-associated invariant T cells (MAITs) protect against cognitive decline by creating antioxidant molecules. Injecting MAITs into genetically altered mice restored their cognitive function, and researchers hope to compare MAIT numbers in healthy humans and those with cognitive diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers at Texas A&M University engineered DARPins to block the interaction between the COVID-19 virus and host cells, significantly reducing disease progression. The nasal sprays showed effectiveness against various variants, including omicron, and could provide a lower-cost therapeutic option for those at high risk.
Research reveals that microphytobenthos, a key component of the Dutch Wadden Sea food web, obtains its nutrients primarily from detrital nitrogen in pore water. This finding provides new insights into the ecosystem's dynamics and highlights the importance of considering all nutrient pools in models predicting future changes.
New study reveals plastic additives selectively harm corals' reproductive processes, development, and settlement, affecting ecosystem balance. Researchers found alarming effects of environmental concentrations on various organisms, highlighting the urgent need for better risk assessments.
Research finds most Asian countries have failed to protect at least 17% of land by 2020, and the outlook for achieving 30% protection by 2030 is bleak. To meet targets, Asian countries need to increase their rate of establishing protected areas by up to six times faster.
Researchers are developing functionally graded materials using 3D printing, aiming to create sustainable and efficient materials for the air transport and security industries. The goal is to optimize mechanical properties and minimize production costs.
A new study published in the American Journal of Cardiology found that a healthy diet can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by up to 10%. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, which emphasizes whole grains, lean proteins, and fruits and vegetables, showed additional benefits for women and black adults compare...
Researchers studied the larynx of Daubenton's bats and found that different structures are used for high-frequency echolocation calls and lower-frequency social calls. The study reveals that bat vocalizations can be compared to death metal growls, highlighting the animals' unique ability to produce a wide range of sounds.
Researchers used microCT to create a 3D atlas of lung lesions in TB and COVID-19, revealing complex shapes and hidden pathological structures. The study provides new insights into the microscopic anatomy of these deadly diseases.
A new geometrical-shaped magnet structure enables deep brain stimulation to reach 11 centimeters below the scalp, 1.67 times deeper than conventional methods. This improved design offers more focused stimulation and increased treatment potential for psychiatric diseases like major depression.
A study by researchers found that NYC health inspectors issued disproportionately high citations to Asian restaurants in January and February 2020, highlighting systemic racism and perpetuation of stereotypes. The study suggests that biases against specific types of restaurants can lead to unequal treatment and exacerbate existing ineq...
A new Hikikomori Questionnaire has been developed to identify individuals with pathological social withdrawal at an earlier stage. The questionnaire evaluates socialization, isolation, and emotional support on a scale of 0-4, providing a tool for early detection and treatment of hikikomori.
University of Missouri engineers are working on a collaborative human-robot order picking system to speed up the online delivery process. The proposed model aims to optimize key decisions in warehouse operations, allowing robots to navigate efficiently and collaborate with humans to increase efficiency.
The strongest Arctic cyclone ever observed poleward of 70 degrees north latitude caused a 30% greater loss of sea ice than previous records, with waves reaching up to 100 kilometers towards the center of the ice pack. Researchers suggest that existing models underestimate the impact of big waves on ice floes in the Arctic Ocean.
A new study using photon-counting CT technology has shown that it can detect more post-COVID-19 lung damage than conventional CT scans, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms. The technology may lead to earlier treatment and better outcomes for those affected by COVID-related lung damage.
Researchers used existing data from 72 women's international basketball games to analyze and classify ball movements. The study found that fast breaks, especially changes in direction of ball movement, contributed to higher scoring rates.
A new protocol at Cedars-Sinai improves the timeliness of treatment for women with severe pregnancy-related hypertension, reducing maternal stroke risk. Despite racial disparities in hypertension rates, the initiative found no significant delays in treatment based on race or ethnicity.
Two studies found corticosteroid injections associated with osteoarthritis progression, while hyaluronic acid injections may slow down progression. Corticosteroids increase risk of disease progression, highlighting need for cautious use.
A University of Michigan-led study found most heart transplant center websites are written at a college junior's reading level, making them difficult for patients to understand. Only 56% offered resources for non-English speakers, with the mid-Atlantic region performing poorly.
A study finds that microbial communities can rapidly respond to temperature fluctuations by re-activating latent species adapted to thrive at different temperatures. This 'species sorting' mechanism allows communities to survive in response to changing environmental conditions.
Researchers investigated online gaming behavior among 16,033 participants to explore its correlation with future career planning. The study found that different game genres were associated with specific soft skills, such as spatial skills for engineers and problem-solving skills for strategy players.
A recent paper reveals that climate mitigation and peacebuilding can generate co-benefits, addressing the root causes of both conflict and climate change. The authors recommend collaboration between sectors to create a virtuous cycle, promoting social inclusion, economic opportunities, and conservation of natural environments.
A nationwide questionnaire in Dutch colorectal cancer screening found that concerns about colonoscopy, lack of provider discussion, and personal risk perceptions are common reasons for not following up. Personalized screening counseling and family practitioner involvement may help increase follow-up rates.
A recent study reveals a stark increase in US firearm fatalities over the past 32 years, with disparities identified across racial, ethnic, and geographic lines. The research shows that certain demographics are disproportionately affected, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered that activating the TREM2 receptor on microglial cells slows down Alzheimer's disease progression by clearing tau protein aggregates. This innovative approach may lead to a new treatment method for Alzheimer's disease, in addition to reducing beta-amyloid and tau proteins.
Concordia researchers identify vulnerabilities in smart inverters to cyberattacks, including reconnaissance, replay, DDoS, and Man-in-the-Middle attacks. These attacks can disrupt energy flow and create power oscillations, severely impeding microgrid functionality.
Researchers develop a new method to track disease-carrying mosquitoes by ingesting harmless DNA particles, providing unique fingerprints of information. This innovative approach has the potential to revolutionize mosquito-borne disease surveillance and tracking, offering insights into mosquito movement and hotspots.
Researchers developed and validated two risk measurement tools to estimate hospitalised COVID-19 patient mortality rates. The COVID-NoLab and COVID-SimpleLab models can predict mortality with reasonable accuracy, helping clinicians identify low-risk patients for outpatient management.
A study by Rice University researchers found that tropical mammal communities divide their days similarly, with feeding routines and body sizes influencing activity patterns. The study confirms consistent patterns across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Forests with multiple tree species have been shown to be more productive, as different species fill distinct niches and compete less. Additionally, genetic diversity within each tree species also promotes forest productivity by increasing resource use efficiency and reducing damage from herbivores and fungi.
Scientists at Tokyo University of Science developed an 'extended Landau free energy model' to analyze complex interactions in nanomagnetic devices, enabling causal analysis and visualization. The model proposed optimal structures for nano-devices with low power consumption.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University have created functional, multi-layered neural networks that mimic elements found in the brain of mammals. The 'mini-brains' were generated through magnetic manipulations of neural progenitor cells in a three-dimensional collagen substrate.
A study published in Trends in Cancer suggests that targeting vulnerabilities in glioblastoma cancer cells, which maintain resemblance to the cells of origin, may lead to effective therapies. The research aims to identify ways to block these identity shifts and develop personalized treatments.
Researchers have developed a novel mix-charged nanofiltration membrane for wastewater treatment, demonstrating improved separation selectivity for small organics and inorganic salts. The membrane shows reduced retention of divalent anions like SO42- while increasing retention of glucose.
Researchers have developed an innovative magnetic adsorbent that can remove microplastics 1,000 times smaller than those detectable by existing wastewater treatment plants. The process takes just one hour, compared to days for current methods.
A simple breeding experiment identified genes that promote cooperation and higher yields in plant populations. Plants with specific alleles were found to produce 15% more biomass when grown in close proximity, while reducing root competition.
A new quantum algorithm allows for the direct calculation of energy derivatives, a crucial step in molecular geometry optimization, using only one query on a quantum computer. This breakthrough enables the computation of energy derivatives with respect to nuclear coordinates in a single calculation.
A UTIA study will improve price discovery and market transparency in hay markets, providing valuable information for buyers and sellers. By understanding valued attributes of hay, producers can make informed purchasing and selling decisions, managing livestock feed cost and nutrition.
Researchers at MIT have developed a new architecture for optical neural networks, which can perform complex linear algebra operations using light signals. The new design eliminates uncorrectable errors that limited the scalability of earlier systems, enabling larger networks with improved accuracy.
A new study from Duke University finds that single neurons in the visual cortex rapidly switch between reporting on two separate objects by alternating signals. When objects overlap, brain cells treat them as a single entity, suggesting a more complex encoding process for everyday perception.
New research reveals that men who successfully transition post-breakup are those who seek to understand their experiences and change negative behaviors. These men focus on gaining positive personal transformations in the aftermath of the breakup, rather than blaming themselves or others.
Researchers used social media data to hindcast recreation visits before and after the fire, creating a complete picture of visitation changes. The approach holds promise for large, multi-ownership landscapes with inconsistent monitoring practices.
A team of scientists, led by Marco Fraaije from the University of Groningen, has developed an enzyme that can convert lignin monomers into useful chemical building blocks. The enzyme has been engineered to be stable, selective, and faster in conversion, offering a promising solution for the valorization of biomass.
Patients who received treatment in Spanish were twice as likely to be abstinent at six months compared to those treated in English. Receipt of nicotine replacement therapy increased abstinence rates for all patients, regardless of language preference.
A study published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that well-healed facial scars generally do not negatively impact perceptions of attractiveness or confidence, but may even increase perceived friendliness. The researchers designed an online survey to test the core tenets of facial scar design and found some subtle interacti...