The study successfully synthesised hybrid biomaterials using nanoparticles and showed excellent stem cell attachment and growth on the scaffolds. The material also promoted axonal cell migration towards the site of spinal cord injury, reducing scarring and inflammation. This research holds promise for treating spinal cord injuries.
A study found that children think they have less access to common measurement tools and toys than their parents. This disparity can hinder STEM interest and success, as prior experience with tools is crucial for self-efficacy. The authors argue that this issue persists due to unnoticed gaps between parental and child perspectives.
A study published in PNAS reveals the 'Yin and Yang' regulation of stress granules (SGs) by Caprin-1, where the C-terminal domain promotes SG formation while the N-terminal domain restrains it. This discovery provides a potential therapeutic target for related diseases.
Researchers found that optimizing solar panel spacing and direction can increase energy production by 2-3% through natural convection. The study's model improves estimates of solar plant efficiency, paving the way for more accurate cost predictions.
Researchers at KAUST have developed a soft and flexible electronic 'e-skin' that can detect minute temperature differences between inhalation and exhalation, as well as touch and body motion. The material's island-bridge atomic structure provides an inherent softness and flexibility ideal for on-skin applications.
Researchers from Nagoya Institute of Technology found a feasible solution to prevent bipolar degradation in 4H-SiC semiconductor wafers using proton implantation. The technique pinches down partial dislocations in the crystal structure, preventing stacking faults and enhancing device reliability.
A study by North Carolina State University found that two common veterinary drugs, Fluralaner and Ivermectin, are effective in killing bed bugs on poultry farms. Fluralaner was highly effective against bed bugs with resistance to common insecticides.
Researchers developed a spreadsheet tool to analyze large comment samples and identify themes within patient comments. The HCP Review Comment Analysis Tool allows providers to easily analyze patient comments and identify actionable measures of patient satisfaction, providing insights into specific actions by healthcare practitioners.
A new egg species, Ramoprismatoolithus okurai, has been identified from Early Cretaceous fossil eggshell fragments found in Japan. The analysis of the eggshell fragments and impressions suggests an affinity with the troodontids, a group of small non-avian theropod dinosaurs.
A new study found that a single dose of acoziborole is as effective as current treatments for sleeping sickness, with a cure rate of 95% for late-stage patients and 100% for early/intermediate-stage patients. The treatment could revolutionize treatment for the disease by eliminating barriers such as hospitalization and travel distances.
A new deep learning model using conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) has been developed to diagnose bowel ischemia. The model achieved an accuracy of over 93% in segmenting ischemic intestine images, surpassing current subjective methods.
Researchers developed a novel optical technique to directly monitor cerebral oxygen consumption and blood flow in real-time. The technique uses phosphorescent probes to track the brain's oxygen gradient, providing valuable insights into brain activity and metabolism.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University developed a compact vibration energy harvester that amplifies electric power generated from human walking motion by about 90 times. The device can generate electricity from non-stationary vibrations, including walking motion, to power small wearable devices.
Researchers at University of Notre Dame developed a transparent coating for windows that can block heat and save energy. The coating, called transparent radiative cooler (TRC), allows visible light in while keeping other heat-producing light out, reducing electric cooling costs by one-third in hot climates.
Researchers at the University of Nottingham have discovered a new class of polymer that can promote wound healing in hard-to-treat diabetic wounds. The polymer actively drives fibroblasts and immune cells to aid healing, resulting in three times more fibroblast activity and over 80% wound closure.
A study of 1.1 million firearm fatalities in the US from 1990 to 2021 found increasing disparities in rates between men and women, as well as by racial and ethnic group. These findings highlight the need for public health approaches to address underlying demographic trends and geographic differences in reducing firearm violence.
The study reveals that non-coding regions near sloppy-paired genes are essential for temporal transcription factor expression and that Notch-signaling regulates the transition to subsequent TTFs. This mechanism couples temporal patterning with neuron generation, providing insights into brain diversity.
New research shows a strong link between atmospheric dryness and forest fire risk, with warmer temperatures increasing the drying power of fuels. The study found that over 30 million records of fire activity in the last 20 years reveal a predictable relationship between vapour pressure deficit and fire activity.
A recent study published in Frontiers in Plant Science reveals the evolution of paleodiet at the Neolithic site of Qujialing, China. Researchers detected starch grains from diverse plant species, including job's tears, lotus roots, and legumes, alongside rice and millet.
A new study from the University of Surrey found that behaviour change campaigns and technology can significantly reduce air pollution in schools. Implementing these interventions can lead to a reduction in outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposure by up to 23% compared to business-as-usual activities.
A Johns Hopkins Medicine study found that pregnant women taking Paxlovid had a reduced risk of severe COVID-19. The research, published in JAMA Network Open, included 47 participants who received Paxlovid therapy and monitored for outcomes and complications.
Researchers found that adding a decoy option can increase the likelihood of a crowdfunding project being funded by up to 28%, as it makes more expensive rewards seem more attractive. The study tested this approach in digital markets where billions of people make choices daily.
Researchers propose six competency domains for AI use in primary care: foundational knowledge, critical appraisal, medical decision making, technical use, patient communication, and awareness of unintended consequences. These competencies aim to harness AI's potential for patient and societal benefit.
A new study reveals that bats use the same technique as human death metal singers and throat singing members to produce sounds. Bats can span 7 octaves with their vocal range, surpassing most mammals. The research team filmed what happens in a bat's larynx when producing sound, showing heavy vocal folds vibrating at low frequencies.
A randomized trial involving 1,009 healthcare workers in Canada, Egypt, Israel, and Pakistan found that surgical masks were not statistically less effective than N95 respirators in preventing COVID-19 infections. The study provides evidence for the use of surgical masks as an alternative to N95 masks during routine patient care.
A new process allows for the production of polyurethane foams without isocyanates, a toxic chemical compound. The technology uses water and cyclic carbonate compounds to create a solid material with low density and regular pores.
Researchers analyzed nearly 9,600 patients who underwent nerve decompression surgery for upper extremity conditions and found a higher likelihood of migraine diagnosis. The study suggests a possible biologic and genetic overlap between carpal tunnel syndrome and migraines.
Researchers found that acknowledging physicians' efforts with letters and certificates improved tobacco cessation e-referral rates after a January 2022 rollout. Providing access to accurate EHR data can also enhance clinical outcomes in vulnerable populations.
Researchers from Kaunas University of Technology and Lithuanian University of Health Sciences developed an AI-based system to evaluate the 'substitute voice' of laryngectomy patients, allowing for faster detection of pathologies. The Acoustic Substitution Voice Index (ASVI) uses acoustic parameters and artificial intelligence methods t...
A neural network trained using a diverse dataset outperforms conventionally trained algorithms by reducing bias in artificial intelligence. The use of images from low-resource populations boosts the object recognition performance of machine learning systems.
A team of quantum engineers at UNSW Sydney has developed a method to reset a quantum computer using a fast digital voltmeter to watch the temperature of an electron, reducing preparation errors from 20% to 1%. This innovation represents a modern twist on Maxwell's demon, a thought experiment that dates back to 1867.
A new algorithm unravels the structure of financial services on the Ethereum blockchain, revealing highly intertwined structures that involve risks not yet fully understood. The findings highlight the need for transparency and awareness among users, regulators, and policymakers to mitigate systemic risks associated with cryptoassets.
A new study published in JAMA Internal Medicine suggests that more public health data is needed on the utilization of cervical cancer screening-associated services among older women. The analysis showed that over 1.3 million women received cervical cancer screening-associated services after age 65, with costs exceeding $83 million.
Researchers identify two southward migration events of Arctic ostracods in the Last Glacial Period, revealing the impact of East Asian winter monsoon on marine ecosystems. The study's findings help understand Asian monsoon dynamics and their effects on polar species distribution, highlighting the risk of extinction under climate change.
A new UNLV study compares ancient and modern ocean ecosystems, finding that ancient food webs varied greatly from today's systems. The research highlights the importance of understanding trophic position in community evolution and has implications for conservation efforts and policy.
A study found that COVID-19 increased overall astronomy research output due to improved work arrangements and virtual technologies. However, it hindered the entry of new and female researchers into the field, with productivity being worst affected among female astronomers.
Higher weight and BMI z-scores in pre-adolescence are associated with poor brain health, including structural changes and decreased connectivity. The findings provide an important mechanistic explanation for the link between childhood obesity and impaired cognitive function.
A team of engineers at UC Santa Cruz has developed an automated system for growing cerebral organoids, miniature models of brain tissue grown from stem cells. The new method, called Autoculture, precisely delivers nutrients to individual organoids, optimizing growth and reducing cellular stress.
The initiative aims to share resources, assistance, and expertise between UK and Ukrainian universities. Research England's investment will help build capacity for research and innovation into the future.
A novel public health intervention, virtual overdose monitoring services offer timely and anonymous access to emergency care and can develop personalized response plans for individuals using substances. High-quality research is needed to better understand the benefits and risks of these services.
Small cell clusters in hippocampus are vital for fear-based memories, while sleep helps stabilize these clusters to improve memory. The study uses immediate early gene imaging to visualize active cells throughout the entire rat hippocampus.
Researchers at Harvard University developed a Human Vagina Chip to study the effects of microbiome on vaginal health. The chip replicated the human vaginal tissue microenvironment, including its microbiome, and showed that certain strains of bacteria can help maintain an acidic environment and reduce inflammation.
A recent clinical trial found that the Green Mediterranean diet reduced visceral adipose tissue by 14%, outperforming both the traditional Mediterranean diet and a healthy diet. The new diet incorporates dietary polyphenols and lower red meat intake, resulting in significant weight loss benefits.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas have developed a computer-based platform for drug discovery using topological data analysis. The approach allows for virtual screening of thousands of compound candidates, narrowing them down to the most promising ones for laboratory and clinical testing.
Researchers found that Nanomia, a gelatinous marine animal, can control its jets individually to prioritize speed or energy efficiency. This discovery could inform the development of more robust underwater vehicles. The team analyzed Nanomia's swimming patterns using video recordings and computer models.
Researchers at University of Chicago Medical Center have identified biomarker predicting response to combined RT and ICB treatment in mNSCLC. High tumor aneuploidy associated with improved survival when RT is added to ICB, while low aneuploidy shows no survival benefit.
A new study led by UCSC scientists suggests that introners are the source of most introns across species, providing a plausible explanation for their vast majority. The researchers found evidence of introners in 5.2% of surveyed eukaryotic species and suggest they may be a fundamental mechanism driving genomic complexity.
A study of over 1,000 healthcare workers found that medical masks may be as effective as N95 respirators in preventing COVID-19 infection. However, the results varied across countries and were influenced by factors such as vaccine use and variant circulating during the pandemic.
A recent study by Rutgers University researchers found that adolescent girls typically engage in unnoticed dieting for up to six months before their formal diagnosis of anorexia is made. This behavior often begins around age 14 and can be a precursor to more severe restrictive eating habits.
Dr. Miki Ebisuya has developed a unique 'stem cell zoo' with stem cells from various species, allowing for the first systematic analysis of developmental times in humans and other species. This approach enables researchers to investigate biophysical and molecular differences controlling biological time.
Researchers at CiTOS have devised an on-demand flow platform for the generation of anhydrous dinitrogen trioxide, a potent nitrosation reagent. This breakthrough unlocks the potential of N2O3 for preparing high-value-added organic molecules, addressing a significant challenge in synthetic organic chemistry.
Research suggests that people with depression are less likely to have children, particularly men. The study, which examined over 1.4 million participants in Finland, found a significant association between diagnosed depression and the likelihood of having children, as well as the number of children born.
A study using DNA analysis of a sacrificial spider monkey at Teotihuacàn, Mexico, reveals the earliest evidence of primate captivity and translocation in the Americas. The research provides insight into ancient trade networks and suggests that the spider monkey was a diplomatic gift between Teotihuacàn and the Maya civilization.
A new study reveals that global warming and ocean acidification are threatening marine organisms with calcium carbonate skeletons, such as corals and sea urchins. The researchers found a clear pattern showing that species with high levels of magnesium in their skeletons become more common with warmer seawater temperatures.
The researchers have developed an AI algorithm called M3GNet that can predict the structure and dynamic properties of any material. The algorithm was used to create a database of over 31 million yet-to-be-synthesized materials with predicted properties, facilitating the discovery of new technological materials.
Researchers discovered an emergent CDW state competing with superconductivity in CsV3Sb5 under pressure. The study reveals new electronic correlation effects, paving the way for exploring unconventional superconductivity.
A new study compiled data on over 3,000 species to show how climate and geologic changes across Asia influenced the evolution of mammals. The research found clear links between changes in Earth's climate and the distribution of mammals in different regions.
A collaborative research team led by Dr Philip Li from HKUMed has pioneered a new nurse-led penicillin allergy triage and testing strategy, which demonstrated its effectiveness and safety compared to traditional allergy testing. The study found that 90% of penicillin allergy labels in Hong Kong are incorrect, leading to potential letha...
A new tablet-based vaccine has shown long-lasting protection against bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) in mice. The vaccine was found to be comparable to antibiotics in efficacy, with durable antibody responses lasting for the lifetime of a mouse.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified PKCα as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. The study found that a subtle increase in PKCα activity was sufficient to produce biochemical, cellular and cognitive impairments in mice, similar to those observed in human AD.