Researchers studied survivors of WWII's Dutch Hunger Winter to identify long-term consequences of famine on health and socioeconomic attainment. Malnutrition in utero caused severe physical consequences, while exposure during childhood and adolescence led to negative socioeconomic impacts, especially for males.
Researchers used AI to analyze seismic signals and predict future fault friction and next failure time with high resolution in laboratory earthquakes. The technique goes beyond previous work by predicting the future state of the fault's physical system.
A new concept is presented to increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and reduce nitrous oxide emission in agriculture. Crop plant-derived biological inhibitors are proposed as an economical alternative to chemical fertilizers.
A five-year field study found that indaziflam reduces downy brome abundance and enables native perennial grass cover. Indaziflam delivered longer-term benefits compared to imazapic, controlling downy brome across the entire study period.
A recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters reveals that the Tonga volcano eruption stimulated a rapid and massive bloom of ocean phytoplankton, covering an area nearly 40 times the size of Oahu within just 48 hours. The bloom was triggered by the deposition of volcanic ash, which supplied nutrients for phytoplankton growth.
A new research study analyzed ancient invasions preserved in the fossil record, providing a better understanding of how modern invasions impact ecosystems over larger time scales. The results suggest that biotic invasions of certain types are unlikely to result in incumbents' extinction and may require less conservation investment.
Researchers improved the Kitaev spin liquid model by freezing electrons in space, allowing only spin contributions at low temperatures. The study successfully explained experimental data and predicted a topological phase in the presence of an external magnetic field.
A new AI algorithm, SISH, uses self-supervised learning to find similar cases in large pathology image repositories, assisting with the diagnosis of rare diseases. The algorithm outperforms other methods in retrieving interpretable disease subtype information from vast databases, even at large scales.
Researchers found positive correlations between lipoxin A4 and cognitive brain functions, as well as its potential to potentiate the endocannabinoid system. The study suggests that reducing levels of this substance may weaken the body's defenses against neurodegeneration.
A perspective paper explores the role of clinician-data-scientists in healthcare, emphasizing their need for interdisciplinary knowledge and training. The researchers highlight the importance of integrating data science into conventional medical education to prepare clinicians for the digital health era.
A new variant of adeno-associated virus (AAV) shows significant improvement in delivering gene therapies to the central nervous system (CNS), potentially treating brain cancers and genetic diseases. The AAV variant, identified as CPP.16, demonstrates enhanced delivery efficiency across the blood-brain barrier in preclinical models.
New research suggests that droughts in England and Scotland led to a shortage of available water power, prompting the transition from water-based steam power. The findings contradict the prevailing narrative that water resources were exhausted or became too expensive.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are investigating maize roots for organic and regenerative systems to optimize carbon storage, resource use efficiency, and productivity. They aim to develop corn varieties that provide ecosystem services even under changing weather scenarios.
Experiments in cell cultures and mice showed that blocking the function of NSUN2 triggers a powerful innate immune response, dramatically lowering viral replication and protecting lung tissue. This finding could help change the approach to developing antiviral medications.
Geoffrey M. Wahl and Norman Wolmark will receive the Brinker Award for their groundbreaking contributions to cancer genetics, research methodology, and transformative approaches to patient care.
A nationwide survey found that over 42% of Americans misrepresented their COVID-19 status and/or failed to follow public health measures. The most common reasons were a desire to feel normal and exercise personal freedom, with younger age groups and those with greater distrust of science being more likely to engage in misrepresentation.
Researchers discovered that ABA inhibits stomatal production by phosphorylating the master regulator SPEECHLESS, reducing its levels and leading to decreased stomatal number. This finding could lead to fine-tuning crop plants' drought tolerance through targeted manipulation of the underlying 'code'.
Researchers developed an innovative technology using Lanthanide-doped EV-targeting Nanoscopic Signal-amplifiers to super-resolve single small extracellular vesicles. This enables ultra-sensitivity in the quantitative detection of tumor-secreted nanoparticles, promoting early-stage cancer diagnosis and treatment decisions.
A major new study found that 24% of farmers reported mobility problems, while 31% experienced anxiety and depression. The research, published in BMC Public Health, highlights the need to tackle physical and mental health issues in the agricultural industry.
Researchers analyzing over 3,000 blood samples from Alzheimer's patients and healthy individuals to identify reliable biomarkers. They investigate how well blood tests can diagnose Alzheimer's disease and predict its progression.
A recent study published in The Journals of Gerontology Series A found that men are biologically older than women due to factors such as smoking and body size. Despite the initial sex difference, the gap between men and women has narrowed in recent decades.
A new study found that the detection of resistant variants is only possible using population deep sequencing, suggesting treatment with antibiotics may contribute to their presence. The research highlights the potential for PDS to improve understanding of pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and inform treatment strategies.
The Independent Task Force Report emphasizes the need for a One Health approach to prevent or respond adequately to the next pandemic. Key findings highlight the importance of 'Smart Surveillance' to identify high-threat pathogens and invest in R&D for innovative diagnostics, antiviral strategies, and therapeutic research.
Researchers have identified a new antifungal antibiotic named solanimycin produced by a pathogenic potato bacterium. The compound shows efficacy against various fungi, including Candida albicans, and has potential for both agricultural and clinical applications.
Achenbach, a renowned experimental physicist, will lead Jefferson Lab's Experimental Hall B, utilizing the world's most powerful accelerator to advance nuclear physics research. He aims to upgrade CEBAF and explore new experiments, including positron beams, to expand knowledge on matter and the universe.
A study of over 300,000 Danish adults found that fractures closer to the centre of the body were associated with higher mortality rates. The presence of certain clusters of health conditions compounded this risk, suggesting a new way of identifying patients at high risk of poor outcomes.
The EMBUR robot uses a novel leg design to self-burrow vertically, emulating the Pacific mole crab's underground movements. This breakthrough has significant applications in agriculture, geotechnical engineering, marine data collection, and construction, while also advancing scientific understanding of burrowing animals.
A new study by Prof. Zhe-Min Tan and colleagues improves typhoon intensity forecasts using a regional ensemble Kalman filter, producing more accurate results than global models for short forecast lead times. The regional forecasts show better performance in predicting typhoon intensity, especially with higher spatial resolution.
Researchers have developed a new DNA nanotechnology-driven method called Light-Seq that enables the analysis of gene expression patterns in hard-to-access cells within intact tissues. This approach overcomes limitations of existing spatial transcriptomics methods, allowing for deeper understanding of disease mechanisms and biology.
Scientists have synthesized a highly selective HDAC10 inhibitor that can be used to study the function of this enigmatic enzyme. The compound, DKFZ-748, suppresses the functions of HDAC10 in tumor cells, suggesting that it may remove acetyl groups from polyamines, making them usable by cancer cells for growth.
A new study found that scientists tend to be most innovative and creative early in their careers, with a significant decline in impact over the course of their careers. The study analyzed 5.6 million biomedical science articles and found that the work of less-innovative researchers tends to drop out as they get older.
A team from the University of Illinois measured dynamic leakiness of CO2 from C4 plants, showing that activation of the C4 cycle is faster than the Calvin-Benson cycle during photosynthetic induction. This results in large efficiency losses due to lack of coordination in fluctuating light conditions.
A new study suggests that genetic sequencing can detect emerging COVID-19 variants with enough time to contain them at their source. This approach requires coordinated global efforts to prevent the spread of new variants.
Researchers identified 257 rhizoplane microbial biomarkers associated with six key agronomic traits, revealing a complex association between millet genotype, root microbiome, and crop growth. The study provides insights into precision agriculture based on genotype-dependent microbial effects in foxtail millet.
The British Journal of Sports Medicine has retracted nine non-research articles authored by Dr. Paul McCrory, who was the journal's editor-in-chief from 2001 to 2008. The retraction follows an internal investigation into allegations of publication misconduct made by researcher Dr. Nick Brown.
Research reveals that individuals with inflammatory breast cancer are at a higher risk of brain metastases, which can lead to improved survival rates and quality of life. The study suggests that patients with triple-negative breast cancer face an even higher risk, emphasizing the need for earlier detection and more aggressive treatment.
A new study of thrushes reveals that differences in plumage coloration between males and females help birds identify potential mates more quickly. The researchers found that species with the most pronounced color differences were more likely to be migratory, have short breeding seasons, and share territory with closely related species.
A new study by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln suggests that Brazil can increase its soybean production by 36% by 2035 while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 58% and eliminating deforestation. The strategy involves intensifying crop yields, growing a second crop on soybean fields, and raising more cattle on smaller pastures.
Researchers developed hydrophilic slipper surfaces that are both extremely slippery and water-attracting, countering conventional wisdom. These SLIC surfaces have potential applications in biomedical technologies and condensers, where they offer anti-fouling properties and improved efficiency.
A new study by Cornell University researchers found that nearly all market research panel participants are at risk of being de-anonymized due to the presence of quasi-identifiers. The reidentification risk can be up to 94% when considering multiple observations per panelist, highlighting the need for improved data privacy measures.
The study reveals how the activating partner PI5P interacts with two different regions of regulatory protein UHRF1, showing its role in modulating complex proteins. This finding could breathe new life into the search for UHRF1-directed medicines.
A new study has discovered two distinct cell populations in Alzheimer's Disease: disease-associated microglia and disease inflammatory macrophages. The former exhibits beneficial functions, while the latter displays pro-inflammatory features.
A new pan-European study reveals a worrying increase in the prevalence of several digestive diseases since 2000, including chronic liver diseases, pancreatitis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. The report estimates that digestive diseases affect over 300 million people across Europe, with significant economic costs.
New research highlights the dangers of AI-powered recruitment tools that claim to remove discrimination from hiring. The tools reduce race and gender to trivial data points and often rely on personality analysis that is
Researchers at Queensland University of Technology have identified a precise neural circuit in the brain that controls long-term alcohol consumption in mice. Inhibiting the transmission of serotonin to a specific receptor has been shown to reduce alcohol consumption.
The Omicron variant escapes the immune response better than its ancestors, but has also facilitated the transition to a society that can live with COVID-19. The study found that vaccinated individuals develop broader immune responses and experience milder infections.
A study by University of Adelaide researchers found that more than three times the number of unregulated animal species are being imported into the US compared to regulated species. The trade in these species is putting them under increasing threat.
Researchers propose a new solution called labeled von Neumann architecture (LvNA) to tackle challenges in cloud computing. LvNA incorporates label-powered control mechanisms to differentiate, isolate, and prioritize user-defined application requests, mitigating resource contentions and guaranteeing performance.
A recent study investigated the effects of climate change on wheat yields in North America, revealing that new and old varieties respond differently to rising temperatures. The research found a declining rate of improvement in both winter and spring wheat yields with increased warming.
The AAP recommends a public safety approach, including research, education, and legislation, to prevent firearm-related injuries and deaths in children and youth. The organization cites alarming increases in homicides and suicides, especially among teens aged 15-24.
Researchers developed in-situ Ni alloying method to tailor microstructure and enhance strength of LAAM Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The results show that Ni addition increases yield strength and tensile strength while decreasing ductility.
A study using gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI found associations between imaging characteristics and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) subtypes. The algorithm identified common HCA subtypes with high accuracy, including β-catenin exon 3 mutations.
A Mediterranean diet rich in fibre, mono-unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols has been associated with improved immunotherapy response rates and progression-free survival in advanced melanoma patients. The diet was also found to reduce the likelihood of drug-induced immune-related side effects.
The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic led to increased waiting list times for pediatric heart transplants, but did not affect graft and recipient survival rates. Waiting list mortality remained unchanged during this period.
A marine heatwave in Baja California led to the loss of a native kelp forest, replaced by invasive algae species. The study found that the warm waters hindered native kelps while allowing invasive species to thrive, potentially affecting other organisms up the food chain.
Researchers have developed a new technique that combines ultrasound technologies to move, reposition, or break up kidney stones while the patient is awake and pain-free. In a feasibility study, 29 patients were treated with the new method, resulting in stone passage in 19 cases, with an average time of four days.
Researchers found that previously deployed military personnel had more retained dust in their lungs compared to civilian controls, with smaller particle sizes. The study suggests that even low sandstorm exposure led to increased dust accumulation, highlighting the need for mitigation strategies.
The study reveals that calcium oxalate crystals are responsible for the formation of microscopic cavities in fossilized leaves. The researchers found clear parallels in closely related species, suggesting a biological function for the crystals.
Adolescent athletes who had their sports cancelled during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced significant improvements in physical activity and quality of life after resuming sports. Despite this, anxiety and depression rates remained higher than pre-pandemic levels.
A new study by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that teen drivers engage in risky behaviors such as speeding and handheld cellphone use. The study tracked the driving habits of 165 adolescents in Pennsylvania and found that these behaviors occurred in approximately 40% and 30% of trips, respectively.