Scientists have identified a molecule that effectively inhibits heparanase activity related to the herpes simplex virus, reducing its spread on human cells. The discovery is an important step towards developing a non-toxic heparanase inhibitor for clinical use.
A new study found that the Food Sensations for Adults program effectively improves food literacy behaviors and dietary habits in participants aged 18 and older. The program's sustained behavioral change is comparable to other similar programs, with notable improvements in vegetable servings and cooking confidence.
A study found that people perceive AI-assisted messages as less effortful and more improper than manually written messages. As a result, participants expressed lower satisfaction with their relationship and increased uncertainty about the friendship. Additionally, receiving an AI-aided response also led to negative perceptions of Taylo...
The Svalbox Digital Model Database provides a unique resource for geoscientists working in the Arctic archipelago, offering digital outcrop models and 3D drone footage. The database is accessible via FAIR principles, making data from 114 km² of remote area freely available.
Researchers identified serious flaws in NICE-recommended health passports, which may contribute to inaccessible healthcare and early death. They call for new interventions to improve healthcare accessibility and quality for Autistic people, including removing barriers such as lack of staff time and knowledge of Autism.
Researchers have found large amounts of labile dissolved carbon stored in sediment interstitial water, indicating active organic carbon remineralization. The discovery suggests that earthquakes play a key role in the trench's carbon cycle and deep biosphere metabolisms.
Cynthia Smith, an associate professor at George Mason University, has received $60,750 in funding from Fairfax County Public Schools to support watershed programs. The funding will be used to deliver hands-on field investigations to 5,200 seventh graders annually.
Researchers analyzed data from 2005-2020 and found that 10-year conditional survival was similar between biventricular and most single-ventricle CHD patients. Biventricular CHD patients also showed better 10-year survival compared to non-CHD heart transplant recipients.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo have created a robust method to control individual qubits made of barium, a crucial step towards building functional quantum computers. The new optical system uses laser light and precision engineering to target and control individual atoms with unprecedented accuracy.
Researchers have identified pathways through which warm ocean water flows into ice shelf cavities for the first time. The study found broad ocean heat intruding toward the shelf, with seawater temperatures up to 1℃ higher than freezing at depths of 50-100 meters.
A study has confirmed the establishment of red fire ant in Europe, with a high risk of spread due to climate change. The invasive species could impact urban areas, causing significant economic losses and posing a threat to human health.
Researchers have developed a new method to calculate the health and climate impacts of reducing buildings' energy consumption. The tool estimates co-benefits under different energy use scenarios, providing insights into the economic value of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and premature deaths caused by air pollution.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have identified a way to improve immunological memory produced by T cells in response to influenza infection, potentially leading to more effective vaccines and treatments. The study found that manipulating a molecular signaling pathway can strengthen and prolong the immune response.
Two SUNY College of Optometry PhD candidates, Seoyoung Kang and Daniel Larbi, received national awards for their groundbreaking research on retinal disease and regeneration. Their work has the potential to lead to new treatments for eye diseases.
A team from the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering has developed a computational model that accurately predicts electrochemical conditions when hydrogen is inserted into different metal oxides. This breakthrough enables researchers to test and validate materials safely and effectively at lower costs.
A new study from Rice University found that antidepressants can reduce negative memories in depressed individuals while improving overall memory function. The study's lead author suggests that the medications shift memory dynamics toward healthy function and may help better select treatments depending on people's symptoms of depression.
Researchers developed a method to predict rice yield using smartphone photos, showing 68% accuracy and comparable results to satellite data. The model's simplicity makes it suitable for mobile devices and can be easily transferred to other crops.
A recent NIH study found that caregiver pandemic-related stress was associated with increased child behavior problems, while higher levels of emotional and instrumental support reduced these issues. The research suggests that support for caregivers positively impacted child behavior outcomes across diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.
A survey of 1958 NHS health professionals found that work-related stress, workload intensity, and staffing levels were the primary factors driving decisions to leave. The results highlight the importance of addressing these fundamental factors to improve staff retention in the NHS.
Researchers found that springtail insects developed a small protein to prevent their cells from freezing more than 400 million years ago, predating other animals. This discovery challenges previous beliefs and highlights the adaptability of these tiny creatures in extreme environments.
A panel of experts has defined clinical remission in asthma treatment, requiring six criteria met over 12 months. The definition aims to set an aspirational goal for prolonged control and optimize medication adherence.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have found evidence for evolutionary syndromes in wild tomatoes, which explain the development of their unique color, sweetness, acidity, and aroma. The study provides valuable insights into how fruits evolve in the wild and will be useful for breeding more nutritious and appealing varieties of fruits.
A new study by University of Illinois economist David Molitor and colleagues found that air pollution via wildfire smoke increases suicide risk among rural populations in the US. Exposure to poor air quality leads to higher rates of suicide, particularly among rural white males and adults with no college education.
A US research team has developed a prophylactic to help protect US troops from acute radiation syndrome (ARS), a condition caused by high levels of radiation exposure. The Defense Health Agency has awarded $24.5 million to advance the drug's development, building on over $35 million in funding since 2017.
African lion populations are declining due to various threats including habitat loss, prey depletion, and human-wildlife conflict. A new study reveals the importance of considering both ecological and socio-political factors in conservation strategies.
Researchers at the University of Michigan developed a machine-learning algorithm that highlights issues in antibodies binding to non-target molecules. The model can be used on existing or new antibodies, reducing the number of manufacturing and testing iterations needed.
A large study found that people with an evening chronotype were more likely to engage in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, poor sleep, and physical inactivity. These individuals had a 72% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with a morning chronotype.
A hybrid catalyst made of zinc and copper produces critical fertilizer and cleans wastewater, reducing carbon footprint and supplying a potential revenue stream. The process involves converting carbon dioxide and waste nitrogen using the hybrid catalyst, achieving an optimal performance ratio.
The study found that tenofovir alafenamide fumarate use is associated with a higher incidence of hypertension and statin initiation, particularly among those over 40. Continuous monitoring of blood pressure and lipids for TAF users is recommended.
A doctoral student's research explores how avoiding positive experiences may contribute to depression development and maintenance. The study, based on the theory of reward devaluation, suggests that individuals learn to distrust happiness and positivity after experiencing negative outcomes.
Researchers found a significant association between high particulate matter exposure and an 8% increase in breast cancer incidence among US women. The study, which considered historical air quality data, suggests that fine particulate matter may affect breast cancer through endocrine disruption.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) decreases essential fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), limiting protective molecule formation and repair potential. The discovery may open new therapeutic avenues for AMD, particularly in females, who are more susceptible to retinal degeneration due to estrogen effects.
Researchers at Columbia University are using focused ultrasound to non-invasively open the blood-brain barrier, enabling delivery of gene-editing vectors to treat Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The technology has shown promising results in reducing beta amyloid and tau loads, as well as improving memory deficits.
Researchers at the University of Chicago developed a potential new PCOS treatment using mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles, which can lower androgen hormone activity and stabilize ovarian function. This approach offers a better safety profile and potential for wide-scale applications compared to conventional methods.
Researchers aim to understand the role of gaze in post-stroke reading impairments and develop an employment-specific assessment tool for individuals with autism. The studies may provide major steps towards finding innovative solutions for individuals affected by neglect dyslexia and autism.
A University of Houston study found that most of Houston's ozone exceedance is due to transported pollutants from the central and northern US, while local photochemistry contributes to elevated ozone production. The research highlights the importance of reducing emissions at the Houston Ship Channel to mitigate future ozone pollution.
A new study by Nagoya Institute of Technology researchers reveals that the type of ceramic glaze used in tea sets can alter the retention of catechins, flavonoids with antioxidant properties. The study found that different glazes reduced the amount of beneficial compounds in tea, affecting its flavor, aroma, and potential health benefits.
Researchers developed a self-decontaminating fabric that kills coronaviruses in under 5 seconds using Joule heating. The material can handle hundreds of uses with minimal waste, transforming the way personal protective equipment is made and used.
A new paper suggests that ecology can inspire more powerful, resilient, and socially responsible AI to solve complex problems. Artificial intelligence systems can incorporate greater amounts of data and diverse sources, discovering new interactions and drivers that may not have been considered before.
This exploratory study reveals racial differences in clinical presentation among individuals diagnosed with frontotemporal dementia. The findings suggest that racially minoritized individuals may experience more severe dementia severity, functional impairment, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Palliative care and addiction experts agree that clinicians should increase monitoring and continue opioids without tapering in patients with advanced cancer who use stimulants. This approach prioritizes pain control and allows for individualized harm-reduction strategies.
A new transgenic maize population shows high glyphosate resistance after co-expression of the GAT and GR79-EPSPS genes. The resulting event, GG2, demonstrates low glyphosate residues and improved agronomic traits.
A study published in EMBO Molecular Medicine has identified the cellular processes that lead to Parkinson's disease in patients with CHCHD2 gene mutations. The research found that a specific protein, casein kinase 1 epsilon/delta (Csnk1e/d), plays a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis.
A large-scale international study of childhood cancer survivors found that women who received high-dose doxorubicin chemotherapy without chest radiation have a significantly increased risk of breast cancer before age 40. The researchers are calling for broadening guidelines for breast cancer screening in these patients.
A study of 151 patients with functional dyspepsia found that turmeric's curcumin was as effective as omeprazole in reducing symptoms after 28 days. Patients who took the combination treatment showed stronger improvements after 56 days, suggesting curcumin may be a viable alternative to conventional drugs.
A large-scale study of the UK Biobank data found that shorter white blood cell telomeres are associated with a higher risk of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Telomere length was also linked to smaller total brain volume and reduced brain structure.
Researchers have uncovered a major Palaeolithic cave art site in 'Cova Dones', Spain, with over 100 ancient motifs dating back at least 24,000 years. The site features a wide range of techniques and animal representations, including clay-based paintings.
A new species of orb-weaving spider, Venomius tomhardyi, has been described from Tasmania. The genus belongs to the Araneidae family and is distinct from related genera due to its unique behavior and genitalia.
This study investigates the consistency of greenhouse gas concentrations obtained from the GOSAT and GOSAT-2 satellites, focusing on CO2 and CH4 retrieval algorithms and validation. The analysis reveals systematic differences in concentration data between satellites that vary temporally and spatially.
Researchers at the University of Melbourne have developed a new simulation model that can predict flooding during an ongoing disaster more quickly and accurately. The Low-Fidelity, Spatial Analysis and Gaussian Process Learning (LSG) model can produce predictions as accurate as advanced models but at speeds 1000 times faster.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and others have developed new analytical frameworks to measure climate change impacts and adaptation. Their studies suggest that correcting market failures can incidentally induce climate adaptation, with significant welfare benefits.
A team of researchers from the University of Tokyo has measured dark matter halo masses around ancient quasars, finding a consistent mass of about 10 trillion times the mass of our sun. This discovery suggests a characteristic DMH mass that activates quasars regardless of time period.
Scientists have detected new strains of malaria-causing parasites in Ethiopia that are resistant to current treatments and escape detection by common diagnostic tests. The prevalence of these double-resistant parasites is a concern for malaria control and elimination efforts in Africa, where the disease remains endemic.
A new study published in the Journal of Criminal Justice found that Black Americans experience poorer self-rated health and chronic conditions when associated with contact from the criminal justice system. Probation was identified as a strong driver of lower health outcomes, due to its stressful nature and lack of economic and social r...
A new research project aims to inform diners about the health and environmental impacts of restaurant menu items. The team is investigating how restaurants can share information about sustainable options with customers, and whether this encourages consumers to make environmentally-friendly choices.
The Buck Institute is leading a clinical trial to determine the effects of ketone ester supplementation on frailty, a condition that develops following age-related decline in multiple physiological systems. The trial aims to recruit 180 people at risk for frailty and will measure muscle strength as its primary outcome.
Researchers developed a modeling system utilizing publicly accessible fishing data to estimate shark catch and mortality rates within eight sanctuary areas. The study found that 286,820 large sharks were caught, with 109,729 dying as a result of capture, highlighting the need for better conservation strategies.
The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of K2-18 b, an exoplanet with a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and potential for a water ocean surface. The findings support the hypothesis that K2-18 b could be a Hycean exoplanet, making it a promising environment to search for life.
Babies with more mature gut microbiota at one year old are less likely to develop allergy-related wheeze or asthma. The study, which followed 1074 babies from birth to four years old, found that increased maturity of the gut microbiota was associated with a lower risk of these conditions.
A recent special issue investigates the molecular mechanisms behind cancer's malignant phenotype, exploring topics such as metabolic reprogramming and tumor heterogeneity. The findings aim to contribute to the development of mechanism-based approaches for cancer treatment.