Researchers at Brookhaven Lab's Center for Functional Nanomaterials have created a new layered structure with unique energy and charge transfer properties. The discovery could lead to advancements in technologies such as solar cells and optoelectronic devices.
Rutgers scientists have devised a highly accurate method for creating coatings of biologically active materials, achieving efficiencies statistically indistinguishable from 100 percent. This breakthrough could make electrospray deposition more appealing for the manufacture of medical devices using bioactive materials.
A recent study published in Neuron reveals that Noelin proteins play a crucial role in learning and memory formation in the mammalian brain. The study found that these proteins act as 'universal anchors' controlling the distribution and dynamics of AMPA receptors, which are essential for synaptic plasticity.
Researchers have developed a new way to identify chiral molecules using light, which vastly improves detection efficiency. The new method uses lasers to drive chiral electronic currents in molecules, causing one version to emit bright light while its counterpart remains dark.
A new US study shows that e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking by reducing cravings and the number of cigarettes smoked. The naturalistic approach used in this study provides evidence that e-cigarettes are a valuable tool for adult smokers who have failed previous attempts to quit.
The ROSA program aims to demystify basic science research and facilitate culturally tailored approaches to address health disparities in vulnerable communities. Researchers developed strategies to build collaborations between basic scientists and Hispanic community members, resulting in a 17-member working group.
Recent meta-analysis finds MAFLD associated with higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults. People with MAFLD are 20% more likely to develop CKD than those without the condition.
The new Southern Center for Maternal Health Equity will develop innovative approaches to reduce pregnancy-related complications and deaths in the Gulf South. The center aims to promote maternal health equity and address disparities in maternal mortality rates, particularly among Black pregnant and postpartum people.
A Cochrane review of 17 randomised controlled trials found that blue-light filtering spectacles may not reduce visual fatigue associated with computer use and do not improve sleep quality. The evidence is also unclear on their effects on retinal health.
Researchers have identified a mechanism explaining the characteristic properties of strange metals, which operate outside normal rules of electricity. The theory combines two properties: electron entanglement and nonuniform atomic arrangement, resulting in electrical resistance.
Benzodiazepine lorazepam is associated with shorter progression-free survival in pancreatic cancer patients. In contrast, alprazolam use was linked to a longer progression-free survival. Lorazepam may activate GPR68, boosting IL-6 expression and promoting tumor growth in the pancreatic microenvironment.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes create Gaussian Process Spatial Alignment (GPSA) to analyze 2D data from tissue slices and generate a 3D 'atlas' of the tissue. This allows for deeper understanding of biological tissue samples, enabling more precise predictions of gene expression and treatment outcomes.
A recent study found that climate change affects the mating rituals of Neotropical spiders, with males resorting to deceptive gift-giving tactics when food is scarce. This behavior becomes more common in harsh environmental conditions, leading to a decline in adult spider size and female fecundity.
A new study reveals that Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a leading cause of death in African countries, resulting in estimated 44,320 excess deaths per year. The practice remains legal in five countries and requires cultural change to be effective.
A recent study by the University of Eastern Finland found that improved overall diet quality and increased time spent in reading and organised sports enhanced reasoning skills among children over two school years. Children with healthier eating habits showed greater cognitive development than their peers.
Printable electronics have potential in solar power and LED screens but face challenges in scalable manufacturing. Professor Adam Printz is using a new RAPID printing process to examine fundamental characteristics and advance the field.
Researchers found a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab can extend progression-free survival and improve response rates in patients with resistant metastatic melanoma. The treatment showed a 37% improvement in progression-free survival compared to ipilimumab alone.
A study in mice found that white matter, a type of nervous system tissue, shows the most pronounced changes as the animals age. The researchers identified 82 genes frequently expressed in different brain regions and developed an aging score to assess gene activity changes with age.
A new study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine documents a consistent risk level across race and gender for victims of partner violence and child abuse. The risk is similar among adult males and females and lower income Black and White Americans, increasing by 20-35% compared to those without interpersonal violence.
The FDA approved brexpiprazole, an antipsychotic drug, for treating agitation in elderly patients with dementia, despite trials showing it failed to provide a clinically meaningful benefit and increased the risk of death. The decision may reverse efforts to reduce off-label use of antipsychotics in care homes.
Researchers used DNA-PAINT to study base-stacking interactions in DNA strands, finding that adding one more interaction increases stability by up to 250 times. This information allowed them to design a highly efficient three-armed DNA nanostructure with potential biomedical applications.
Researchers used radiocarbon dating and time-series modeling to study the timing and causes of megafauna extinctions at Rancho La Brea Tar Pits. The team found that a sharp decline in population occurred between 13,070 to 12,900 years ago, coinciding with warming and drying climate change and increased fires sparked by humans.
Researchers developed a neural network-based system, PAT, for snapshot compressive imaging. It achieves comparable image quality to CASSI and holds strong promise due to advancements in AI processing capabilities.
A study by Diamond Light Source reveals that mixtures of Zn-aggregates/micro-polymers leach out from commercial products containing Zinc Oxide, harming aquatic life. Microplastics can carry zinc particles, which can be ingested by fish and other organisms.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that collects and purifies water from fog simultaneously, rendering it safe for use in densely populated urban centers. The technology uses a close-mesh lattice coated with polymers and titanium dioxide to break down organic pollutants.
Aerodynamic researchers at University of Illinois create wind tunnel experiment to study internal boundary layers and their impact on flow behavior. They identify a new internal boundary layer that changes the flow's behavior, providing insights into aerodynamics physics and improving turbulence models for complex designs.
Imaging mass cytometry showcases odd numbers of proteins in kidneys of lupus patients, identifying novel markers for disease. The study found decreased and increased disease markers pointing to renal disease, with potential enlargement of glomeruli in some patients.
Researchers found that rodents exposed to light for the first time in adulthood showed significant plasticity in their brains, challenging previous beliefs about adult brain rigidity. After a month, their brains looked similar to those of healthy controls, with organized visual responses and smaller receptive fields.
Researchers identified how low TET2 levels fuel rapid growth of acute myeloid leukemia in animal models. The study found that TET2 deficiency sets off biochemical changes enhancing the cancer's ability to spread. This discovery highlights potential therapeutic targets for treating aggressive bone marrow cancer.
Research found that increased biodiversity can either help or hinder disease outbreaks in wildlife, depending on environmental conditions. Environmental pollutants like road salt changed the susceptibility of amphibian species to parasites, with higher biodiversity communities experiencing a dilution effect when exposed to pollutants.
A large-scale international collaborative study has identified new genes associated with breast cancer, which could lead to better risk prediction and improved clinical management. The study found evidence for at least four new breast cancer risk genes, with many others showing suggestive evidence.
Researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed an AI model that screens electrocardiograms (ECG) for signs of atrial septal defects (ASD), a common adult congenital heart disease. The model correctly detected ASD in 93.7% of cases, outperforming traditional methods.
Researchers used base editors to introduce specific combinations of activating and inactivating mutations into healthy organoids, creating realistic models for various types of cancer. This allows for further investigation into the development and treatment of cancer, with potential applications including testing new drugs.
Research from the University of Gothenburg reveals that both innate factors and environmental influences contribute to an individual's attitude towards nature. The study suggests that a wide range of factors shape how people express their love for nature, and emphasizes the importance of considering these variations in urban planning.
Researchers found a 19% annual increase in Medicaid-insured cancer patients participating in publicly funded clinical trials after the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion. The study shows that targeted policies can increase access to health care and cancer clinical trials for those with Medicaid insurance.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new approach using VOCs to detect toxic cyanobacterial blooms in waterways. The method shows promise for predicting the start and end of bloom events, potentially reducing economic losses attributed to these harmful algae blooms.
A decade-long study in Tanzania's Eastern Arc Mountains reveals that biodiversity conservation benefits vary widely among groups, with local rural communities bearing substantial costs. International funding could help smallholder farmers boost yields on their existing land to incentivize long-term forest protection.
Researchers from the Wellcome Sanger Institute mapped the multiple organ functions of the human yolk sac, revealing its role in producing key hormones and blood cells. The study provides novel insights into the earliest stages of immune cell development and has implications for understanding childhood diseases.
The NIH has established 10 research centers to develop innovative approaches to reducing pregnancy-related complications and deaths. These efforts aim to address disparities in maternal health outcomes by racial and ethnic group, age, education, socioeconomic status, and geographic region.
The sixth generation (6G) of mobile networks will have two iconic features: a virtualized world with digital twins and the tactile Internet. This will revolutionize IoT and advanced applications, while also connecting people's five senses through immersive social networking and games.
New research from the University of Ottawa's Telfer School of Management suggests that managing public transit projects requires a comprehensive approach considering rational, psychosocial, and political dimensions. This involves engaging stakeholders, including non-users, to ensure societal impact and cost-effectiveness.
A new study from the University of Massachusetts Amherst found that the wealthiest 10% of Americans are responsible for 40% of the nation's total greenhouse gas emissions. The study suggests that policymakers adopt taxes focused on shareholders and the carbon intensity of investment incomes to equitably meet climate goals.
Scientists have discovered an additional source of genetic mutations that cause rare conditions like Huntington's disease. Expanded CAG repeat RNA can form aggregates that reduce global protein synthesis and lead to neurotoxicity.
A Texas A&M University team is exploring 3D printing to create tailored medication dosage and tablet size for young children, addressing the need for greater flexibility in administering medications. The project aims to maintain drugs' integrity and effectiveness while advancing the field of pharmaceutical manufacturing.
The article discusses measurement techniques for aspheric surface parameters, including general fitting and center-of-curvature-based methods. These methods assess the quality of aspheric surfaces and provide direction for processing and suitable targets for processing.
A large and diverse group of over 10,000 participants showed a significant reduction in taste intensity, with a 21% decrease compared to those without symptoms. The team used a simple, non-invasive test to track chemical senses, demonstrating that COVID-19 affects taste perception independent of smell.
Researchers found that anxious individuals rely on a less efficient section of the forebrain for emotional control, making it difficult for them to choose alternative behavior. This leads to avoidance of social situations and prevents them from learning that they are not as negative as they think.
A new study found that large-scale fires in an ecosystem made increasingly vulnerable by climate change and human impacts led to the extinction of two-thirds of Earth's large mammals in Southern California. The findings, based on radiocarbon chronology of fossils from the La Brea tar pits, suggest that fire was the primary cause of reg...
Researchers have found that mouse stem cells mimic their parent animals' cold resistance, generating energy differently at low temperatures. This discovery opens up new avenues for studying organ preservation and human hibernation using in vitro models.
A study reveals that racial differences in gut microbiome composition arise after 3 months of age and persist through childhood. Early social and environmental exposures play a significant role in shaping the gut microbiome, with research suggesting that environmental and social factors contribute to health disparities.
Researchers at the University of New Hampshire found that pregnant women living in walkable areas engage in more physical activity and have fewer issues with pregnancy complications. The study also suggests that walking can have health benefits beyond exercise, such as social interactions and community engagement.
A new study examines how youth from Honduras and Nicaragua evaluate moral judgments on acts of physical violence. The findings show that both groups prioritize the well-being of others, but differ in their reasoning, with some forms of violence judged as having protective factors in insecure conditions.
Biased AI can limit climate predictions and misguide governments due to missing information from under-represented communities. Human-in-the-loop design can fill these 'data holes' by offering a sense check on used data and context.
A new UCF project aims to examine a method to keep carbon from escaping soils and trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere. Researchers will focus on histosols in the Everglades Agricultural Area, adding fine minerals to prevent carbon release.
Scientists proposed an adapted Mars ISRU system to produce oxygen for ascent propellants and life support. The system's performance was modeled with various control options, optimizing cell voltage and flow rate while minimizing carbon formation risks.
A randomized clinical trial found that a preoperative augmented reality walkthrough decreased preoperative anxiety compared to traditional education and handouts. However, there was no significant impact on postoperative anxiety, pain levels, or narcotic use in patients undergoing surgery.
The Enchilada Trap enables scientists to build more powerful machines for quantum computing. It can store and transport up to 200 qubits using a network of five trapping zones, enabling researchers to test architectures with many qubits.
Researchers developed a natural product-inspired small molecule that binds to the cellular chaperone cyclophilin A, disrupting oncogenic signaling and tumor growth in several human cancer models. The approach could be used to target additional KRAS mutants and other cancer drivers.
A new study estimates that cancer screenings have saved the US at least $6.5 trillion and led to 12 million more years of life, with significant economic impact from breast, colon, cervical, and lung cancer screenings.
The University of Arizona College of Nursing will deploy immersive managed practice adaptable clinical training starting in the spring semester of 2024, supporting 19 students per year with $25,000 each. The grant also helps establish a longitudinal clinical placement model and provides financial support for community partners.