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Science News Archive 2023 - Page 178


Page 178 of 444

Researchers map cadmium in cacao: “The problem isn’t as bad as we thought”

Researchers in Peru found that the majority of cacao can meet EU cadmium limits, but areas like Piura face significant challenges due to high levels of cadmium in their soils. The study provides an interactive map predicting cadmium levels across the country.

SourceThe Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture·JournalScience of The Total Environment·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 2, 2023

Study reveals unexpected importance of the thymus in adults

Researchers found that adults who had their thymus removed during surgery were at a higher risk of death and cancer compared to those who did not undergo thymectomy. The study suggests that the thymus plays a critical role in adult health, and its removal may have significant consequences.

SourceMassachusetts General Hospital·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateAug 2, 2023

Extroverts more likely to resist vaccines, study shows

A new study on over 40,000 Canadians found that extroverts were 18% more likely to refuse COVID-19 vaccination. In contrast, people with high openness and agreeability were more likely to get vaccinated. The findings can help inform future public health messaging strategies.

SourceUniversity of Texas at El Paso·JournalFrontiers in Psychology·DateAug 2, 2023
SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB

SAMSUNG T9 Portable SSD 2TB transfers large imagery and model outputs quickly between field laptops, lab workstations, and secure archives.

Revealing characteristics of nonparticipating individuals in breast cancer screening

Researchers found that age 50+, low education, and health insurance coverage are associated with non-participation. A risk score based on these factors can predict non-participation in the screening process. The study aims to identify women who are less likely to participate in breast cancer screening and encourage their participation.

SourceUniversity of Tsukuba·JournalBreast Cancer·DateAug 2, 2023

Scientists dig into wildfire predictions, long-term impacts

Researchers are working to understand and predict wildfires' effects on the environment, including their impact on the carbon cycle and biodiversity. Studies have shown that repeated wildfires can accelerate the transition from tree- to shrub-dominated ecosystems, reducing plant diversity.

SourceDOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory·JournalFunctional Ecology·TypeCommentary/editorial·DateAug 2, 2023
Apple iPhone 17 Pro

Apple iPhone 17 Pro delivers top performance and advanced cameras for field documentation, data collection, and secure research communications.

Scientists tie obesity to sex- and age-specific genes

Researchers identified five genes influencing BMI in women and two in men, with faulty variants of three genes linked to higher BMI in women. Age-specific factors also emerged, with genes OBSCN and MADD associated with childhood body size and fat.

SourceCell Press·JournalCell Genomics·TypeObservational study·DateAug 2, 2023

New neuroimaging approach could improve diagnosis of schizophrenia

Researchers have identified age-related changes in brain patterns associated with schizophrenia risk using a new hybrid, data-driven method. The study found alterations in prefrontal-sensorimotor and cerebellar-occipitoparietal brain connections linked to genetic risk for schizophrenia.

SourceGeorgia State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 2, 2023

Humans unable to detect over a quarter of deepfake speech samples

Researchers at University College London found that humans can only reliably detect fake speech 73% of the time, and this ability improves only slightly with training. The study's findings raise concerns about the potential for deepfakes to be used by criminals and nation-states to cause harm.

SourceUniversity College London·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 2, 2023

A novel strategy to suppress triple negative breast cancer growth

Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified a novel strategy to control the growth of triple negative breast cancer and other cancers. By targeting the enzyme MAPK4, the team found that blocking both AKT and PDK1 can effectively suppress tumor growth, offering new options for treating this devastating disease.

SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalPLOS Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 2, 2023

Scientists discover unusual ultrafast motion in layered magnetic materials

Researchers have found an unusual ultrafast motion in layered magnetic materials, which could lead to breakthroughs in high-speed nanomotors for biomedical applications. The discovery was made using cutting-edge ultrafast probes and facilities, revealing a mechanical response across the entire sample.

SourceDOE/Argonne National Laboratory·JournalNature·DateAug 2, 2023
Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C)

Anker Laptop Power Bank 25,000mAh (Triple 100W USB-C) keeps Macs, tablets, and meters powered during extended observing runs and remote surveys.

Human vs machine

A Pitt Professor believes oligodendrocytes, the nerve insulating cells, hold the solution to BCI's nagging problem. By understanding and preserving these cells, researchers aim to improve BCI's performance and expand its applications beyond paralysis.

SourceUniversity of Pittsburgh·DateAug 2, 2023

Moderna is safest, most effective mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 for older adults, study shows

A large head-to-head comparison study of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines found that the Moderna vaccine was associated with a slightly lower risk of adverse events for older adults. The study also showed that the Moderna vaccine was linked to a 4% lower risk of pulmonary embolism and a 15% lower risk of diagnosed COVID-19.

SourceBrown University·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeObservational study·DateAug 2, 2023
CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock

CalDigit TS4 Thunderbolt 4 Dock simplifies serious desks with 18 ports for high-speed storage, monitors, and instruments across Mac and PC setups.

Bullying, suicidal thoughts linked to more frequent headaches in teens

A recent study published in Neurology found an association between bullying and suicidal thoughts with more frequent headaches in teenagers. The research, which analyzed over 2.2 million teen participants, revealed that those who experienced bullying or suicidal tendencies were nearly twice as likely to have frequent headaches.

SourceAmerican Academy of Neurology·JournalNeurology·DateAug 2, 2023

A boost in dopamine during adolescence permanently amplifies dopamine function, impulsivity, and aggression in mice

Researchers found that blocking dopamine transporters during mid-adolescence increases adult aggression, impulsivity, and the behavioral response to amphetamine in mice. Artificially stimulating dopaminergic neurons also exacerbated impulsive behavior in tasks. The study suggests potential harm from stimulant exposure in healthy teens ...

SourceColumbia University Irving Medical Center·JournalMolecular Psychiatry·TypeObservational study·DateAug 2, 2023

An ancient grain unlocks genetic secrets for making bread wheat more resilient

A KAUST-led team has compiled the first complete genome map of einkorn, an ancient grain that could help develop bread wheat varieties with enhanced disease resistance and improved hardiness. The study reveals a complex evolutionary history of wheat species, including gene flow between einkorn and wild cousins.

SourceKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)·JournalNature·DateAug 2, 2023
Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro)

Apple MacBook Pro 14-inch (M4 Pro) powers local ML workloads, large datasets, and multi-display analysis for field and lab teams.

Exploiting nonlinear scattering medium for optical encryption, computation, and machine learning

Researchers have discovered a way to utilize nonlinear scattering media for optical computing and machine learning. They created a novel theoretical framework involving third-order tensors, which can represent the complex relationships between input and output signals. This breakthrough has potential applications in real-world settings...

SourceInstitute for Basic Science·JournalNature Physics·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 1, 2023

A novel laser slicing technique for diamond semiconductors

Researchers from Chiba University developed a novel laser-based technique to slice diamonds into thin wafers, paving the way for their adoption as next-generation semiconductor materials. The technique uses short laser pulses to transform diamond into amorphous carbon, reducing density and crack formation.

SourceChiba University·JournalDiamond and Related Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 1, 2023

Training on LSA lifeboat operation using Mixed Reality

The SafePASS MR Training Tool uses Mixed Reality to simulate LSA lifeboat operations, providing crew members with hands-on practice and real-time feedback. The application has been successfully tested and validated in lab and real-world environments, demonstrating improved training outcomes and enhanced awareness of equipment usage.

SourceBeijing Zhongke Journal Publising Co. Ltd.·JournalVirtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware·DateAug 1, 2023
AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope

AmScope B120C-5M Compound Microscope supports teaching labs and QA checks with LED illumination, mechanical stage, and included 5MP camera.

Where Black adolescents live affects their mental health

A new study found that neighborhood poverty and community violence negatively affect Black American adolescents' mental health. The review examined four aspects of the neighborhood environment: trust and safety, built environment, exposure to community violence, and neighborhood disadvantage.

SourceGeorge Mason University·JournalYouth & Society·DateAug 1, 2023

Scientists develop method to predict the spread of armed conflicts

Researchers at the Complexity Science Hub developed a mathematical method to analyze armed conflict data, identifying causal links between battles and predicting future conflicts. The approach, inspired by physics and biophysics, reveals how violence spreads like avalanches across Africa and can be applied to other armed conflicts.

SourceComplexity Science Hub·JournalPNAS Nexus·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateAug 1, 2023

Predicting heart failure with longitudinal urine patterns and its changing

Researchers found that stable, long-term elevation in urinary albumin excretion is associated with a high risk of new-onset heart failure and mortality. Persistently high levels were linked to older patients and those with conditions like diabetes and previous heart attacks.

SourceOsaka University·JournalEuropean Journal of Heart Failure·TypeObservational study·DateAug 1, 2023

Nature-based solutions can help tackle climate change and food security, but communities outside Europe are missing out

New research from the University of Surrey found that over 60% of nature-based solutions (NBS) are located in Europe, with poor adoption in other regions. The study analyzed over 500 NBS case studies and found that green solutions, hybrid solutions, and addressing water-based hazards were common uses of NBS.

SourceUniversity of Surrey·JournalScience of The Total Environment·DateAug 1, 2023
Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C)

Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Generation, USB-C) provide clear calls and strong noise reduction for interviews, conferences, and noisy field environments.

New study sheds light on the gating mechanism of ion channels

Researchers created a smart model system to visualize the gating of individual subunits in Kir2 potassium channels. The study reveals that each subunit gating transition leads to conductance level changes, suggesting all subunits must move together for a fully open channel.

SourceUniversity of Vienna·JournalNature Communications·DateAug 1, 2023
Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars

Nikon Monarch 5 8x42 Binoculars deliver bright, sharp views for wildlife surveys, eclipse chases, and quick star-field scans at dark sites.

Royal Ontario Museum researchers identify oldest known species of swimming jellyfish

Researchers at the Royal Ontario Museum discovered the oldest known species of swimming jellyfish, Burgessomedusa phasmiformis, in exceptionally well-preserved fossils from the Burgess Shale. This finding highlights the complexity of the Cambrian food chain and challenges previous understanding of predation.

SourceRoyal Ontario Museum·JournalProceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences·DateAug 1, 2023

Male moth ‘aphrodisiac’ revealed

Researchers at North Carolina State University identified a specific blend of pheromone chemicals used by male moths during courtship, including an aphrodisiac called methyl salicylate. Female moths can recognize this chemical through two smell receptors, and its presence in males' hairpencils is linked to mating success.

SourceNorth Carolina State University·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 1, 2023

The cost of climate change: 2°C global warming target is not economically reasonable unless we make major changes

A new study by Dr Taikan Oki estimates the total cost of climate change between 2010 and 2099 to be $46-230 trillion US dollars. The research team found that reducing climate change often incurs costs similar to or exceeding financial benefits, highlighting the need for prioritizing biodiversity and health factors.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalEnvironmental Research Letters·DateAug 1, 2023
Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter

Kestrel 3000 Pocket Weather Meter measures wind, temperature, and humidity in real time for site assessments, aviation checks, and safety briefings.

Taking time to seal a deal reveals insights into online buyers and sellers

Researchers found that people consider response times when evaluating moral character and transactional situations, revealing insights into online buyers and sellers. By understanding response time patterns, savvy buyers and sellers can manipulate them to negotiate more effectively.

SourceUniversity of Birmingham·JournalThe Economic Journal·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 1, 2023

Early-stage cancer diagnoses decreased sharply in the U.S. during first year of COVID-19 pandemic; underserved greatly affected

A new study found a significant decline in early-stage cancer diagnoses in the US during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the largest decrease seen among stage I cancers. The study suggests that these declines may be due to decreased screening services and delayed medical care during the pandemic.

SourceAmerican Cancer Society·JournalThe Lancet Oncology·DateAug 1, 2023

Defending our turf

Scientists have identified a promising biological solution to control dollar spot, a devastating disease on golf courses and other turfgrass areas. The beneficial microbe UD1022, patented by the University of Delaware, shows potential in preventing the fungus' growth and may even trigger systemic resistance.

SourceUniversity of Delaware·JournalBiological Control·DateAug 1, 2023
Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor

Aranet4 Home CO2 Monitor tracks ventilation quality in labs, classrooms, and conference rooms with long battery life and clear e-ink readouts.

An average 1.2% a year decline in MMR vaccine coverage between 2006 and 2020 has left approximately half of Brazil’s municipalities below the 95% coverage target and potentially vulnerable to future outbreaks

A nationwide ecological study in Brazil found a significant decline in MMR vaccine coverage between 2006 and 2020, with approximately half of municipalities falling short of the 95% target. This decline may leave these areas vulnerable to future outbreaks.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Global Public Health·DateAug 1, 2023

University of Minnesota-led study shows Hmong stroke patients are younger, other unique stroke patterns

A University of Minnesota-led study identified higher incidence of brain hemorrhage, hardening of the arteries, and small vessel disease in Hmong stroke patients. Risk factors such as high blood pressure and diabetes are prevalent among this community.

SourceUniversity of Minnesota Medical School·JournalJournal of the American Heart Association·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 1, 2023

Scientists uncover a surprising connection between number theory and evolutionary genetics

Researchers discovered a deep connection between the sums-of-digits function from number theory and phenotype mutational robustness in genetics. The maximum robustness is proportional to the logarithm of the fraction of all possible sequences that map to a phenotype, with a correction given by the sums of digits function s_k(n).

SourceUniversity of Oxford·JournalJournal of The Royal Society Interface·DateAug 1, 2023

Old mattresses made new: Simple chemistry can recycle polyurethane

Researchers from Aarhus University have developed a simple chemistry method to recycle polyurethane foam from old mattresses, extracting its main components and reusing them as raw materials. The process has been repeated several times, replacing up to 64% of the mattress without impairing quality.

SourceAarhus University·JournalACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering·DateAug 1, 2023
Meta Quest 3 512GB

Meta Quest 3 512GB enables immersive mission planning, terrain rehearsal, and interactive STEM demos with high-resolution mixed-reality experiences.

Study sheds new light on how animals navigate their environment

Researchers developed a novel maze design that allows for the tracking of mice's navigational strategies, revealing three primary approaches: random, spatial, and serial search. The study provides valuable insights into how animals select these strategies based on environmental factors.

SourceeLife·JournaleLife·DateAug 1, 2023

DNA decodes the dining preferences of the shell-shucking whitespotted eagle ray

Researchers at Florida Atlantic University uncover the finer-scale feeding patterns of the whitespotted eagle ray, revealing a significantly broader diet than previously described, with high proportions of cockles and wedge shells. The study's findings suggest that these rays can play a facilitative role in reducing predation threats f...

SourceFlorida Atlantic University·JournalFishes·TypeObservational study·DateAug 1, 2023

Decades of research have left knowledge gaps about cells that regulate the immune system: Purdue and NIH

Researchers at Purdue University and NIH have identified 14 understudied T-reg proteins with molecular roles in disease onset, offering new avenues for understanding autoimmune diseases and cancer. Studying these proteins could lead to the development of cell-based therapies to modify their functions.

SourcePurdue University·JournalNature Reviews Immunology·TypeLiterature review·DateAug 1, 2023

Research team identifies human odorant receptor for horse stable odor

A research team has discovered the human odorant receptor for para-cresol, a compound with a strong horse stable-like odor. The OR9Q2 receptor is highly selective and responds to physiologically relevant concentrations of para-cresol, as well as a structurally similar compound.

SourceLeibniz-Institut für Lebensmittel-Systembiologie an der TU München·JournalFood Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateAug 1, 2023
Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply

Rigol DP832 Triple-Output Bench Power Supply powers sensors, microcontrollers, and test circuits with programmable rails and stable outputs.

Pecans give obesity and diabetes a slim chance

A new study published in MDPI suggests that pecans have anti-inflammatory properties and can increase energy expenditure, reducing the risk of obesity and diabetes. The research found that pecans modulate adipose tissue lipolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle.

SourceTexas A&M AgriLife Communications·JournalNutrients·DateAug 1, 2023

Illegal shooting kills most birds found dead near power lines

A recent study reveals that illegal bird shootings are now the leading cause of death for birds found dead near power lines in the western United States. Researchers analyzed 410 carcasses collected over four years and found that 66% died from being shot, surpassing electrocution as a leading cause.

SourceCell Press·JournaliScience·TypeObservational study·DateAug 1, 2023

Closure of Pittsburgh coal-processing plant tied to local health gains

A study found that the closure of a Pittsburgh coal-processing plant led to immediate declines in fossil fuel-related air pollutants, resulting in near-instant decreases in local heart-related emergency department visits and hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases. The impact persisted through at least December 2018.

SourceNYU Langone Health / NYU Grossman School of Medicine·JournalEnvironmental Research Health·TypeObservational study·DateAug 1, 2023

Bird study shows Europe’s nature in ‘dire straits’

A recent study by BirdLife International reveals that nearly four in 10 of Europe's bird species are now of conservation concern, including 14% of global concern. The continent's nature is facing an urgent need for comprehensive restoration legislation to halt and reverse the decline in threatened bird species.

SourceCambridge University Press·JournalBird Conservation International·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateAug 1, 2023
Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter

Fluke 87V Industrial Digital Multimeter is a trusted meter for precise measurements during instrument integration, repairs, and field diagnostics.

AI-supported mammography screening is found to be safe

Researchers at Lund University found AI-supported mammography screening to be safe and effective, detecting 20% more cancers than standard double reading without increasing false positives. The study also reduced radiologists' screen-reading workload by 44%, saving approximately five months of time.

SourceLund University·JournalThe Lancet Oncology·DateAug 1, 2023