Researchers used supercomputers to predict the spatial distributions of charges, momentum, and other properties of 'up' and 'down' quarks within protons. The results revealed key differences in the characteristics of the up and down quarks, implying different contributions to the proton's fundamental properties.
A study of 6.3 million US older adults found the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine associated with a slightly lower risk of several adverse events, possibly due to improved protection against COVID-19. Future research should consider frailty in assessing vaccine performance and formally disentangle differences in safety and effectiveness.
Researchers developed a comprehensive toolkit of fruit fly COVID-19 resources (DCR) to study viral and human protein interactions, aiming to develop therapies for long-COVID symptoms. The toolkit enables systematic global analysis of in vivo interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human cells.
Researchers developed a new method to estimate soil organic carbon stocks in agricultural fields, reducing the number of samples needed by 30%. The approach uses doubly balanced sampling and accounts for auxiliary information available in elevation maps, satellite images, and previous surveys. By improving soil sampling efficiency, thi...
A chemical process used by cooks to create flavors and aromas is believed to have helped create conditions for complex life to evolve on Earth. The Maillard reaction, also known as the browning of food, converts small molecules into larger ones that are harder for microorganisms to break down.
A Neolithic necklace found on a child's grave in Jordan provides new insights into the social complexity of the time. The analysis of colorful stone and shell materials, amber beads, and other adornments reveals intricate craftsmanship and trade networks.
A study published in Neurology found that Black people are underrepresented in specialty memory care clinics and more likely to have advanced dementia upon initial evaluation. The disparity is linked to neighborhood disadvantage, with patients from less affluent neighborhoods having fewer opportunities for healthcare access.
A novel catalyst design approach converts waste plastics into valuable monomers using photothermal catalysis fueled by clean solar energy. The integrated c-ZIF-8@SiO2 catalyst exhibits high stability and efficiency in upcycling PET into chemicals, promoting green and sustainable development.
A new study from WashU Medicine reveals that patients from underrepresented groups and lower socioeconomic neighborhoods are less likely to receive specialized dementia care. Black patients are also more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage dementia, exacerbating healthcare disparities.
Researchers have created self-assembling protein-mimics that can selectivity transport water across membranes while rejecting salts, offering a potential solution to improve energy efficiency in industrial water purification. The oligourea foldamers are smaller and more stable than existing artificial water channels.
A recent study involving over 500 participants found that humans can only detect speech deepfakes 73% of the time. While training participants showed minimal effects, automated detectors performed better and were comparable to human detection abilities.
Researchers found that invasive red swamp crayfish populations in Japan developed genetic changes enhancing cold resistance, including changes in the protective outer layer and peptidase inhibitors. These findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms of invasive species and may have potential medical applications.
Researchers aim to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by targeting amino acid transporter SLC6A14 and compensatory nutrient scavenging mechanisms autophagy and macropinocytosis. Using alpha-methyl-L-tryptophan and hydroxychlorquine, the study seeks to improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Researchers found a novel region in the genome associated with spontaneous control of HIV in populations of African ancestries. CHD1L, a protein involved in DNA repair, shows genetic variation specific to these populations and limits HIV replication in white blood cells.
A study on compound weather and climate extremes in the Sichuan-Chongqing region reveals increased risk of wildfires, flash floods, and mudslides. The research emphasizes the need for understanding and predicting these events to mitigate their impacts on human health, energy, agriculture, industry, and emergency response.
Research reveals high transmission rate of E. coli cells between cohabiting hosts, leading to similar evolutionary events and microbiome species composition. Social interactions play a crucial role in shaping adaptive evolution of new gut bacteria strains.
The study reveals that metallic lithium forms a rhombic dodecahedron in the absence of corrosion, which could lead to safer lithium-metal batteries with increased performance. The researchers developed a new technique for depositing lithium faster than corrosion forms, allowing them to observe this unique shape.
Researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine developed a non-opioid designer molecule to calm hyperactive pain-sensing neurons, showing promising results in preclinical studies. The novel drug effectively reversed neuropathic pain signs without cardiac side effects or sedation.
A team of scientists has successfully elucidated the structure and function of LITE-1, a biomolecule used by Caenorhabditis elegans to detect danger. The researchers used artificial intelligence to predict the structure of LITE-1, which is a channel protein that forms a pore in the cell membrane allowing charged particles to pass through.
A new open-source Python toolbox called simpleNomo has been made available, enabling the creation of nomograms directly from logistic regression coefficients. This facilitates the translation of research findings into practical use, particularly in resource-poor settings or areas without internet access.
A study by UC Riverside-led researchers reveals that deportation causes social, economic, and political insecurities among noncitizen veterans. The study found that many veterans struggle to maintain access to necessities, experience chronic stress, and face poor health outcomes after deportation. The researchers emphasize the need for...
A Netherlands cohort study has revealed that healthcare workers who engaged in nose-picking were at a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. The study emphasizes the significance of proper hygiene practices among healthcare professionals to prevent COVID-19 transmission.
A new review recommends raising the age of body contact in hockey leagues from 13 to 15 to reduce concussion rates. Studies show injury rates are four times higher for kids and teens with body checking, while eliminating it reduces concussion rates by over 50%.
A new study improves the chances of finding the right drug to kill individual cancers in children by incorporating high-throughput drug screening into precision medicine. The approach reveals additional drug sensitivities and predicts clinical response, leading to better treatment options.
A team of scientists led by University of Alaska Fairbanks geology professor Sarah Fowell are collecting samples from beneath the sea floor to learn about vegetation and climate of region 25,000 years ago. The project will be shared via digital and social media channels.
A team of researchers led by ORNL's Alex Plotkowski developed a novel high-performance alloy, 3Cr-XHTS steel, which can withstand extreme temperatures and stresses. The new alloy demonstrated significant improvements in fatigue strength and oxidation resistance compared to existing materials.
Researchers at Stanford University have discovered a way to interpret the meaning of dune patterns, which can be used to understand environmental changes on planetary bodies such as Mars, Venus, and Titan. The study found that high interaction density between dunes signals recent or local changes in boundary conditions.
Researchers developed a peptoid-based therapy that effectively inactivates three enveloped viruses, including Zika, Rift Valley fever and chikungunya virus, by disrupting their membranes. The approach targets specific lipids, allowing for preferential attack on the invader rather than the host.
Research reveals that nearly half of popular TikTok content featuring Baby Boomers depicts them in a negative light, reinforcing ageist stereotypes. The study highlights the potential for this to fuel intergenerational conflict, underscoring the need for more nuanced and respectful portrayals.
A research team led by Associate Professor Wataru Horiuchi and Professor Naoyuki Itagaki from Osaka Metropolitan University successfully demonstrated the existence of dineutron-dineutron clusters in helium-8 nuclei. Their findings provide new insights into the binding forms of neutrons and shed light on the origins of elements around us.
A new study suggests that women with prior infertility may experience more severe menopause symptoms, including depressive mood, irritability, and sleep problems. The study found no association between infertility and other common menopause symptoms.
A study published in Cell Death & Disease has characterized the cellular composition and spatial architecture of tumor microenvironment in human multiple primary lung cancers. The researchers identified a previously undescribed sub-population of epithelial cells, CLDN2+ alveolar type II (AT2), specifically enriched in MPLCs.
A sociological study by the University of Zurich confirms that many professionals consider their work to be socially useless. Office jobs were found to be more than twice as likely to feel pointlessness compared to other occupations. The study suggests that factors such as routine work, job autonomy, and management quality also contrib...
A new study found that affective polarization, a global bias against opposing political parties, is fueled by shared cognitive frameworks and disagreements over issues. The research suggests interventions like highlighting shared opinions and unique perspectives may reduce polarization.
A new study suggests that resume padding, while bad for individuals, can have a positive effect on society. Researchers found that the potential misrepresentation of education levels can reduce investment in education and lead to lower social welfare distortions.
Researchers investigated H3K27me3 expression patterns in pediatric brain tumors, finding a global loss of this epigenetic mark in diffused midline glioma (DMG). This loss was associated with high relapse rates and poor survival, highlighting the potential for targeting H3K27me3 as an epigenetically guided cancer therapy.
A study led by Dr. Roy Sillitoe discovered the cerebellum as a source of generalized convulsive seizures, implicating alterations in midbrain neurons and a reciprocal cortico-thalamic loop. The research found that 80% of VPM neurons contribute to seizures, with cerebellar circuits driving seizure activity.
Sea urchins struggle to 'get a grip' as climate change causes lower salinity levels, affecting their ability to attach to surfaces. The study found that low salinity conditions negatively impact righting response, movement, and adhesive ability.
Researchers discovered that Bacillus velezensis SQR9 uses a two-component system OmpS/R and toxin transporter to regulate fatty acid-mediated cannibalism, promoting biofilm formation. This precision system allows the strain to gain an evolutionary benefit by sacrificing cells involved in cannibalism.
Researchers found a novel method to read data from CPUs by analyzing power consumption, dubbed Collide+Power. This attack consumes power and causes delays, allowing attackers to derive targeted data.
A team of researchers has found a way to control the spin density in diamond by applying an external laser or microwave beam. This technique could enable the development of more sensitive quantum sensors and improve the sensitivity of existing nanoscale quantum-sensing devices.
Researchers found that translating consent documents can discourage investigators from recruiting patients with limited English proficiency, contributing to low rates of participation from underrepresented groups. By relieving investigators of these costs, studies can become more inclusive and results more accurate and generalizable.
Frequent teamwork is associated with greater effort among women and white men, while other factors vary among genders and ethnoracial groups. Workplace social dynamics are a key condition linked to worker effort, with additional differences seen between white and non-white workers.
A genetic variant has been identified that may explain why some people of African ancestry have naturally lower viral loads of HIV, reducing their risk of transmission and slowing disease progression. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for those living with HIV.
Scientists develop a method to construct crystalline artificial steric zippers in peptide β-sheets, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies and materials. The research utilizes metal ions to prevent aggregation and form needle-shaped crystals with specific structural characteristics.
A new economic model suggests that extreme climates during the Middle Pleistocene era drove human brain evolution through assortative mating. The study found that colder climates favored individuals with larger brains, leading to an increase in intelligence.
Sexual minority women are at high risk of postpartum depression but their identities often go unrecorded in medical records. The study highlights the need for reliable methods to capture this information.
An Oregon State University study found that young adults not in college became more frequent users of cannabis and met criteria for cannabis use disorder after state legalization. The prevalence of frequent cannabis use increased by 5 percentage points among non-college young adults, while college students saw a smaller increase.
Researchers at Kyoto University designed a flexible PCP to selectively adsorb CO2 from industrial mixtures by opening gates that only allow CO2 to pass through. The system achieves exclusion discrimination gating, enhancing binding and opening pores for efficient gas capture.
Forensic scientists at West Virginia University have developed a systematic approach to compare pieces of trace evidence, including duct tape, using a novel method. The technique evaluates fracture edges and demonstrates physical fit, providing a foundation for evaluating error rates and improving accuracy in crime scene investigations.
A team at Sandia National Laboratories has created a new way of testing personal protective equipment (PPE) that is faster and more comprehensive. They developed two human models: one for the face and another for the entire head, allowing for more realistic testing of mask performance. The new method also includes automated donning and...
Researchers developed a generative AI tool, AniFaceDrawing, to assist users in creating high-quality anime portraits. The tool uses a sketch-to-image framework and employs stroke-level disentanglement to match raw sketches with latent vectors of the generative model.
A study published in PLOS ONE found a significant surge in bird feeding interest worldwide during the pandemic, with countries having higher bird diversity exhibiting more Google search activity. The researchers analyzed data from 115 countries and found an average increase of 511 bird species in countries with higher search interest.
A team of scientists at Caltech used a section of fiber optic cable to measure the intricate details of a magnitude 6 earthquake, pinpointing four individual asperities that led to the rupture. The study demonstrates the potential of distributed acoustic sensing technology to improve our understanding of earthquake physics.
The Kennesaw State University's BRITE program aims to diversify the biomedical engineering field by recruiting students from underrepresented groups. Students will participate in clinical settings, receive faculty mentoring, and work on interdisciplinary research teams.
A University of Illinois Chicago-led study investigates the aftermath of the East Palestine chemical spill, collecting data on residents' experiences and communication from authorities about water quality. The project aims to improve disaster response and provide new findings on the relationship between people and critical infrastructure.
A new UBC study finds that clearcut logging leads to a significant increase in flood frequency and size, particularly in larger watersheds. The researchers used a novel method to isolate the effects of logging from climate background factors.
Researchers have discovered two major mechanisms that contribute to the high risk of complications from lung infections in individuals with Down syndrome: poor ciliary function, which impairs the respiratory tract's ability to clear mucus and viral particles, and immune hyper-reactivity, which leads to an overactive immune response. Th...
Researchers have successfully grown high-quality single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films with two-dimensional vertical ionic transport channels, enabling fast and dramatic changes in electrical properties. The material undergoes a significant electrical change upon Li insertion, allowing it to switch from an insulator to a metal.
Researchers have observed unusual waves of charge within a crystal of uranium ditelluride, a previously unseen facet of its superconductivity. The findings reveal a static variation in two different properties: one related to charge and the other to interacting electron pairs.