Researchers developed a 'Skeletal Age' metric to assess impact of fractures on mortality, revealing a loss of one to seven years of life depending on gender, age, and bone site. The online calculator measures bone fragility to help doctors and patients understand fracture risks.
Researchers have directly observed the signatures of electron orbitals in two different transition-metal atoms, iron and cobalt, using atomic force microscopy. The study validated that the observed experimental differences primarily stem from the different electronic configurations in 3d electrons near the Fermi level.
The TU Dresden-funded D³ Research Training Group will develop digital methods for discovering new materials, with a focus on metamaterials. The team aims to create a fully digital, data-driven approach to design metamaterials with tailored properties for various applications.
A new study by Emory University neuroscientists reveals that oxytocin plays a key role in male zebra finches' learning to sing by imitating their elders. The hormone influences young birds' preference for certain 'voice coaches', shedding light on the neural underpinnings of social vocal learning.
Researchers have created the first humanized mouse model for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, a rare genetic disease affecting 1 in 15,000 births. The mouse model accurately mimics human symptoms and allows for testing of novel treatments and stem cell therapies.
A recent study found that inflation has become a major source of stress in the US, particularly among women and those with lower socioeconomic status. The analysis of census data revealed a significant link between rising inflation and increased stress levels.
Researchers tested zoledronic acid's effects on cellular senescence using multiple approaches. The study found that zoledronic acid killed senescent cells with minimal effects on non-senescent cells and reduced circulating SASP factors, including CCL7, IL-1β, TNFRSF1A, and TGFβ1.
Researchers at Rice University developed a new priming method to optimize prelithiation in silicon anodes, improving battery life cycles by up to 44% and energy density. The method uses stabilized lithium metal particles with surfactants, enabling more stable SEI layer formation and reduced lithium depletion.
Researchers analyzed wind field structure of tropical cyclones to understand their size and intensity relationship. Vortexes with larger radius of maximum wind expand more under the same level of intensity increment, highlighting the importance of paying attention to incipient storms with large RMW.
Researchers develop a new method for fixing carbon dioxide using formic acid, which can replace conventional chemical manufacturing processes with carbon-neutral biological methods. The process produces formaldehyde, a non-toxic substance that can be fed into metabolic pathways to create valuable substances.
A €2.5million European research programme, FRIETS, is increasing the shelf-life of berries through high-precision agriculture and innovative processing methods while maintaining quality. The four-year project combines precision agriculture strategies with dehydration and edible coating methods to discover healthier food alternatives.
Researchers at the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson used AI to map molecular changes in healthy brain cells and identify upstream genetic points that trigger Alzheimer's disease. The study provides clues to the disease's origins and potential drug targets.
A novel photocatalytic reactor uses TiO2 nanotube arrays coupled with nanobubbles to efficiently degrade organic pollutants like Rhodamine B. The method shows high degradation efficiency and can be applied to treat wastewater.
Historian Samuel Clowes Huneke has been awarded a Sharon Abramson Research Grant to complete his book on lesbians in Nazi Germany. His research argues that queer women faced persecution shaped by misogyny and anti-gay animus, yet found ways to carve out spaces of community and tolerance.
Researchers used single-cell multi-omics to study specialized cell types involved in producing medically relevant plant compounds. The analyses revealed that three distinct cell types are organized in a specific biosynthetic pathway for vinblastine, a key alkaloid compound with anti-cancer properties.
Researchers have discovered a compound that can combat multidrug-resistant bacteria within one hour, including the ESKAPE group of pathogens. The compound, Pln149-PEP20, is a synthetic peptide inspired by molecules secreted by Lactobacillus plantarum and has been found to be highly active against MDR bacteria.
The study develops three exact algorithms and one approximation algorithm to identify tenuous groups, outperforming existing metrics in efficiency and accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods on real datasets.
A Pharmacy PhD student from the University of Huddersfield has won a prestigious award to present her research on how community pharmacies can contribute to preventing suicide in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Nigeria. She aims to raise awareness of suicide and train pharmacists to recognize signs and risk factors.
A large-scale study published in JAMA Neurology has demonstrated an association between trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure and the development of Parkinson's disease. Researchers compared health data from approximately 160,000 Navy and Marine veterans who served at Camp Lejeune or Camp Pendleton between 1975-1985, where TCE was used for ...
A recent study found that a unique subset of microglia, ARG1+, plays a crucial role in cognitive functions and development. This discovery could lead to new therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and depression. Female animals exhibited more pronounced behavioral impairments caused by ARG1 microglial deficiency.
Researchers at the University of Exeter have captured the structure of a commonly used phage, filamentous phages, which will enable the development of new biotechnology applications. The new insights gained from this research will help improve phage display and other uses in drug discovery.
Researchers at Dartmouth Cancer Center found that alternating estrogen stimulation and anti-estrogen therapy is an effective treatment for patients with metastatic or advanced ER+ breast cancer. The POLLY trial showed that 42% of patients experienced tumor stabilization, while no patients discontinued treatment due to side effects.
New research from Indiana University suggests that Saturn's icy rings are no more than a few hundred million years old, much younger than the planet itself. The rings are expected to lose mass onto the planet at a prodigious rate, leading to their eventual disappearance in another few hundred million years.
Researchers discovered a novel technique to identify p62-body constituents, revealing a major subunit of the supramolecular protein complex vault. Vault-phagy, the degradation of vault through selective autophagy, regulates homeostatic vault levels and may be associated with liver cancer.
The May issue of the CHEST journal features cutting-edge research on pulmonary, critical care, and sleep medicine. The journal also highlights awareness for cystic fibrosis, a once-fatal childhood condition now affecting adults.
Researchers found an increased risk of death due to respiratory disease five to seven days after exposure to ultrafine particles. The risk was highest for smaller particle sizes, with a 4.46% increase in mortality for each 3,223 particles per cubic centimeter concentration.
A new study by Bar-Ilan University found that post-secondary education improves the IQ of adults with mild intellectual disability. After four-and-a-half years, IQ levels exceeded the cutoff point for individuals with mild ID in five participants, indicating significant cognitive improvement.
The new spectrometer designs provide high spectral resolution and low spatial resolution, enabling the study of the Earth's atmosphere or other planets' atmospheres. The designs combine desirable features from several existing designs, reducing size and cost.
A clinical trial has started enrolling volunteers to test the experimental H1ssF-3928 mRNA-LNP vaccine, developed by NIAID's Vaccine Research Center, for its safety and ability to induce an immune response. The trial aims to find an optimal dosage and compare it with a current seasonal flu vaccine.
Researchers at York University found more pathogens and parasites in urban bee populations, leading to inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity. Conservation efforts focused on green spaces and habitat connectors can help mitigate these effects.
The European Society of Endocrinology, ESE Foundation, and other partners mark the second European Hormone Day to promote better understanding of hormone roles and encourage change in health policy. The 'Milano Declaration' calls for stronger inclusion of endocrine health perspective in European policies.
Cocaine use disorder has been rising for over a decade, with no robust treatment available. Researchers are using cocaine contingency management to provide cash or value in exchange for drug-free urine samples, aiming to change an individual's temporal horizon and reduce consumption. The study aims to guide innovative interventions tha...
Paderborn researchers develop innovative approach to generating higher harmonics in silicon metasurfaces, increasing efficiency through the Fano effect. The study enables third harmonics to be generated much more efficiently than with previous known structures.
Researchers at Kanazawa University used high-speed atomic force microscopy to study the TRPV1 protein's structural fluctuations in response to stimulating and suppressing ligands. They found that ligand binding increases conformational fluctuations, while suppression decreases them.
Researchers at Nanyang Technological University found that cells near wavy shaped wounds moved in a swirling manner, while those near straight wounds moved in straight lines. This discovery reveals that the swirling motion is crucial for gap-bridging and accelerates wound healing in wavy wounds.
Porphyrinic metal-organic frameworks (PMOFs) have been synthesized using various methods, including solvothermal synthesis. The native biocompatible properties of porphyrins endow PMOFs with great potential in biological applications. Several possible frameworks can be formed with a large scale of metal ions.
Researchers develop a method to estimate the age of microplastics in the ocean, finding that nearshore microplastics range from 0 to 5 years old while offshore microplastics range from 1 to 3 years old. The study provides insights into how microplastics are generated and spread in the environment.
The European Space Agency has commissioned an engineering study to test the reliability of meta-optical elements in space. The collaboration aims to advance remote sensing systems while overcoming size and weight constraints, enabling innovative applications for Earth observation data.
Researchers discovered how sea anemones distribute sugar from symbionts to recycle nitrogen waste, enabling them to build massive reef ecosystems. The study reveals that sea anemones play a major role in recycling scarce nitrogen, challenging the belief that algae are the sole actors.
A team of Virginia Tech scientists has identified a brain pathway responsible for synchronized movement in individuals, including mice, without rehearsal. The study provides an underlying mechanism for coordinating group behavior, which is essential for understanding social communication in humans and developing therapies for ADHD, ASD...
Research finds that low vitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of developing long COVID syndrome in patients who have previously contracted COVID-19. The study suggests that individuals with low vitamin D levels should have their levels checked after recovering from COVID-19.
Researchers have demonstrated a clinically relevant oxytocin deficiency in patients with vasopressin deficiency, which could lead to new therapeutic approaches for conditions like autism.
Research reveals both metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity types linked to increased risk of various obesity-related cancers, with stronger association in metabolically unhealthy obesity. Metabolically unhealthy women face higher risks for endometrial, liver, and kidney cancers.
High levels of cortisol during the third trimester of pregnancy have been linked to improved speech and language skills in young children. Research found that boys exposed to high cortisol had better word-saying abilities, while girls showed enhanced understanding skills.
A significant increase in Candida auris infections has been observed worldwide, including in the USA and Europe, with resistance development and potential for hospital outbreaks. The fungus can be efficiently transmitted from patient to patient via direct contact, making control difficult.
Researchers developed a novel method for photocatalytic water splitting by regulating the built-in electric field of nitrogen-deficient polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) on polyhedral SrTiO3. This synergistic approach improves charge transfer and light absorption, leading to enhanced overall water splitting efficiency.
Research from Michigan State University and National Audubon Society reveals new insights for conserving the declining black tern population in Michigan and nationwide. The team developed an integrated population model that combines sparse data on black terns with new land management practices, potentially improving their outlook.
A team of Penn State researchers is using a new field called landscape transcriptomics to study how genes respond to environmental changes. By analyzing RNA molecules from across the landscape, they aim to understand how organisms adapt to climate change and develop strategies for conservation and management.
Freeform optical components can offer optical design flexibility not possible with traditional optics, but presenting unique challenges for designers and manufacturers. Understanding manufacturing limitations early in the design process is crucial to ensure well-behaved surfaces.
Researchers develop novel membrane for efficient nitrate removal, achieving 99% reduction efficiency at optimal conditions. The Pd-Cu modified carbon nanotube membrane exhibits high nitrate removal efficiency and N2 selectivity, showing great potential for effective nitrate reduction technology.
Researchers developed a new surface coating technology that significantly increases electron emission in materials, improving production of high-efficiency electron sources. This breakthrough is expected to enhance performances in electron microscopes and synchrotron radiation facilities.
Researchers developed a new sensor array that mimics the red, green and blue photoreceptors in human eyes, producing high-quality images through a neural network-based algorithm. The device has the potential to revolutionize camera technology by increasing spatial resolution and reducing power consumption.
A recent study on buffelgrass control in Arizona's Saguaro National Park highlights the importance of long-term monitoring and surveillance. Low levels of buffelgrass can quickly expand by multiple orders of magnitude, emphasizing the need for sustained efforts to manage its spread.
The study proposes a spectral feature-based compression method for vibrotactile acceleration signals, which achieves high time-frequency similarity and a 10% compression ratio. The method is suitable for long-term data compression and can further reduce the compression ratio for multi-interaction points.
Researchers found that modern dog breeds, which are genetically more distant from wolves, have relatively larger brain sizes compared to ancient breeds. This increase in brain size cannot be attributed to the roles or life history characteristics of the breeds.
Mortality rates from diabetes and cardiovascular disease increased significantly from 2014 to 2019, with patients with diabetes mellitus disproportionately affected. Researchers emphasize the need for better population-level control of diabetes to positively impact life expectancy.
Robert House, a Senior Research Fellow at Oxford University, has been selected as one of Forbes Magazine's prestigious 30 people to watch under 30 in Europe Science and Healthcare. He is working on developing innovative, sustainable Na-ion battery materials that promise to be significantly lower cost than conventional Li-ion batteries.
A study of 2,165 Dutch adolescents suggests no difference in global brain volume between those reporting gender diversity and those not. However, a correlation was found with specific brain features in the inferior temporal gyrus among males assigned at birth.
Researchers developed a biobank of head and neck cancer organoids to validate biomarkers and predict treatment responses. The study found that organoid responses matched patient outcomes, suggesting potential for personalized therapies.
A study of 307,000 neonates with very low birth weight found that increased use of probiotics in hospitals was associated with reduced risk of necrotizing enterocolitis, but not sepsis or mortality rates. The adoption of routine probiotic use increased slowly from 2012 to 2019.