Perovskite solar cells face stability issues that hinder their widespread adoption. Researchers from Surrey University aim to improve the design of these cells by stabilizing photoactive phases.
A recent study published in Journal of Clinical Oncology found that dose-escalated radiotherapy with short-term androgen deprivation therapy showed no significant impact on urinary or bowel quality of life for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. However, the treatment did significantly decrease hormone and sexual quality of lif...
Researchers discover that brain cells die from lack of energy when autophagy, a natural cleaning process, malfunctions. Compounds boosting NAD levels can improve neuron survival and combat age-related neurodegeneration.
Researchers developed a biomarker signature test to predict which bladder cancer tumors will respond to immunotherapy, potentially improving survival rates. The study identified three types of responsive tumors and two non-responsive ones, providing insights into potential new treatments.
Researchers have developed a simple green process to extract both keratin and melanin from human hair without harsh chemicals or excessive waste. The extracted compounds have antioxidative properties and can help shield against ultraviolet light, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
Researchers have analyzed DNA samples from over 50 institutions, including Balto at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, to shed light on extraordinary feats in mammals. The study has identified unchanged DNA across millions of years of evolution and pinpointed genetic variants associated with rare human diseases.
Researchers found that non-mandatory measures had a greater impact on reducing travel distances and times, while mandatory measures only slightly affected these metrics. In contrast, strict metre rules and reopening of gyms increased distance travelled.
A new study by UMD criminologist Gary LaFree and former graduate student Bo Jiang found a link between rising sea surface temps and piracy. Rising temps caused an increase in piracy attacks in East Africa, while decreasing temps led to decreases in piracy attacks in the South China Sea due to changes in fish production.
A study found ChatGPT answered less than half of the test questions correctly, scoring 46% initially and 56% after a month. The AI tool performed well on general medicine questions but struggled with ophthalmology subspecialties.
A new study finds that Arctic shipping is plagued by increasing fog, which reduces visibility and causes costly delays. Ships crossing the Northwest Passage are more likely to encounter fog than those in the Northern Sea Route, leading to increased sailing times and costs.
New research suggests that people take different types of photos depending on their goal, with first-person photos capturing physical experiences and third-person photos revealing the bigger meaning. Researchers found that taking and posting pictures can help people reconnect to past experiences and build self-narratives.
The study revealed lower age-standardized rate of NENs incidence in China (1.14 per 100,000) compared to the USA (6.26 per 100,000). The most common sites for primary NEN tumors progressed were found to be the pancreas, stomach, lungs, and rectum.
The World Health Organization's draft guidelines for PFAS in drinking water exceed recommended levels, ignoring decades of human health studies linking PFAS to cancer, liver damage, and immune system harm. Experts call for a complete overhaul or withdrawal of the guidance due to its 'arbitrary' technological basis.
Researchers at the Beckman Institute discovered a way to replicate cooperative behavior found in viruses in organic semiconductors. This phenomenon can help enhance the performance of smartwatches, solar cells, and other organic electronics by reducing energy consumption.
A multicenter study found diabetes to be associated with post-reconstruction limb loss and racial disparities in wound infection rates. The study also revealed that vascular interventions prior to reconstruction correlated with higher complication rates, as did free flap types, which led to longer hospital stays.
A new pilot study suggests rhythmic auditory stimulation can improve walking speed and quality of movement in children with severe acquired brain injuries. The technique, tested for the first time in this population, has been shown to facilitate smoother and more coordinated walking patterns.
Researchers from Osaka University developed an AI algorithm called FINDE that discovers and preserves the underlying conservation laws of real-world dynamical systems, not just superficial dynamics. FINDE allows for more accurate computer simulations and can reveal additional information about a system's structure.
George Mason University researchers have identified key methods for successfully reintroducing captive birds into the wild, including exposing animals to wild food and providing supplemental feeding after release. Their study provides evidence-based support for exploring the use of behavior and its management as an influential tool in ...
Researchers from UCI have discovered the first crystal structures of botulinum neurotoxin E, revealing a novel mechanism for its recognition of human receptors. This finding may lead to the development of new BoNT/E variants with unique pharmacological and therapeutic features.
Recent research on local holographic transformations has improved the tractability of counting problems, enabling new approaches to complexity classification. The study reveals the potential of these transformations as a tool for proving hardness in various frameworks.
A new model predicts that climate change will lead to longer transmission seasons for Zika and dengue diseases in Brazil. The study found that warming temperatures could increase the basic reproduction number (R0) of Zika by up to 2.7, leading to more frequent epidemics.
A new study reveals that the fall armyworm pest in Sub-Saharan Africa was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to up to 58% maize losses worth US $9.4 billion. The researchers highlight the need for sustainable management of this pest and improved policy practices to manage future threats.
Scientists have identified Norn cells as the primary source of erythropoietin (Epo) in humans, a crucial hormone for red blood cell production. This breakthrough could lead to the development of new treatments for anemia and other conditions related to impaired Epo production.
Researchers at Columbia University have created a highly dexterous robot hand that combines advanced sensing technology with motor learning algorithms to achieve high dexterity. The hand can perform complex tasks such as rotating an unevenly shaped object without visual feedback, and even operates in dark environments.
Researchers discovered two massive touching stars that will eventually become black holes and collide, generating waves in space-time. The stars are currently feeding each other every three days before the smaller star collapses into a black hole in 700,000 years.
New research reveals that sections of the Chesapeake Bay are sinking at rates of nearly a quarter inch per year, exacerbating flooding risks from rising sea levels and storm surges. The study estimates that 454 to 600 square kilometers face a risk of flooding by 2100, highlighting the need for updated flood maps.
Since 1700, habitats suitable for Asian elephants have decreased by over 64%, resulting in a loss of 3.3 million square kilometers of land. The study suggests that historical land-use patterns and agricultural intensification in South Asia have contributed to this decline.
Researchers found that severe beech leaf disease infestation hurts trees' relationships with helpful root mutualists, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Trees with the most severe symptoms had over 65% less healthy fungi in their roots compared to those with mild symptoms.
Researchers from UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Urology will showcase significant advances in urologic oncology, female pelvic reconstruction, and more. The presentations highlight innovative treatments for kidney cancer, prostate cancer, and other conditions.
A study by Chiba University researchers found that nature sounds significantly reduced stress levels and improved mood in participants with pathological gambling. Exposure to digital nature sounds of insects lowered oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex, indicating physiological relaxation.
A team of researchers conducted the largest proteomic study on yeast cells to gain a detailed picture of previously unknown gene functions. The study revealed general principles governing protein expression and identified thousands of proteins with their biophysical properties.
Central bank balance sheet policies are effective if investors behave according to a plausible alternative behavioral assumption to rational expectations. Professors Iovino and Sergeyev's new paper finds that level-k thinking breaks away with the demanding assumption of rational expectations, allowing agents to have varying degrees of ...
Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a new method called pharmacoscopy to test treatment options for multiple myeloma patients. This high-throughput screening platform analyzes the reactions of cancer cells to various treatments, offering personalized therapeutic strategies.
A study published in Sociology of Education found that teens with incarcerated fathers have lower expectations of completing college, especially for impacted Black youth. Despite optimism about their futures, these teens face stigma and limitations on their educational trajectory.
The study of Balto's genome provides new insights into the genetics of working dogs, revealing they were more genetically diverse and healthier than modern breeds. The analysis also identified beneficial adaptations in genes related to physical traits such as weight and skin thickness.
The ATS 2023 International Conference is highlighting recent advancements in COPD and asthma treatment through its Breaking News: Clinical Trial Results in Pulmonary Medicine session. Emerging biologics will be discussed alongside existing COPD treatment options.
A serious infectious threat response initiative implemented by the Infection Prevention and Control team at Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System positively impacted IPC staff burnout and helped prevent an increase in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The program provided support and servic...
Researchers investigated microbial community changes and molecular characteristics of dissolved organic matter under hypoxic conditions, revealing decreased microbial activity and labile organic matter preservation. The study suggests that hypoxia can lead to increased storage of organic carbon in coastal waters or sediments.
A mobile application utilizing Python and a single-element ultrasound transducer has been developed for photoacoustic tomography (PAT) image reconstruction. The application successfully reconstructs high-quality images with signal-to-noise ratio values above 30 decibels, making it suitable for point-of-care diagnosis in low-resource se...
A large-scale genomic study of 240 mammal species reveals previously uncharacterized regulatory elements in the human genome, linked to disease risks and distinctive traits. The research provides insights into the evolutionary development of mammalian genomes and their potential applications in medical research.
Researchers call for national governments to establish mandatory requirements for building ventilation performance, citing a global indoor-air crisis and the need for real-time ventilation rates. The authors note that without this action, poorly ventilated buildings will remain common, posing a risk of airborne transmission.
A study published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics has identified six single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with opioid use disorder. The findings suggest that genetics play a role in the development of OUD, but environmental factors also contribute to its progression.
A preclinical study found that suvorexant reduced prescription opioid intake and helped protect against relapse in rats modeling opioid use disorder. The insomnia drug could offer a promising approach for the millions of people affected by OUD.
A new material analysis method combines resonant X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR to reveal the chemical order of Mo atoms in disordered Ba7Nb4MoO20. The study provides valuable insights into how a material's properties, such as ion conduction, are influenced by its hidden chemical order.
A new study by York University researchers reveals that one in three family members of those with serious mental illness experience stigma, feeling blame, failure, and loneliness. The study highlights the need to reach out to this marginalized group, who have been overlooked in previous research.
More than 3 million sq km of Asian elephant habitat has been lost in 300 years, with suitable habitats cut by nearly two-thirds. The study suggests that the remaining elephant populations may not have adequate habitat areas, setting up a high potential for conflicts with people living in those areas.
Researchers identified 33 themes and broad categories for increasing diversity in graduate medical education programs, including recruitment, interview processes, and faculty retention. The study aims to provide ideas and starting points for developing DEI initiatives.
Researchers propose a new bonding theory that illustrates how each boron atom satisfies the octet rule and how alternating σ bonds further stabilize the 2D sheet. The theory introduces a new form of resonance, allowing delocalization of σ electrons within the plane.
Ancient Mayans used an 819-day calendar that covered a much larger timeframe than previously thought. By increasing the calendar length to 20 cycles of 819 days, researchers found a pattern emerges in which the synodic periods of all visible planets align with station points in the larger calendar.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found that SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly increases the risk of Bell palsy, whereas vaccination poses a lower risk. The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine did not differ significantly from the Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine in terms of BP incidence.
A team of researchers has uncovered nanoscale changes in solid-state batteries that could improve battery performance. They found that high-frequency vibrations at the interface make it harder for lithium ions to move, and discovered an intrinsic barrier to ion motion.
A new study finds that modern-day Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish people share a common genetic heritage with ancient Pictish populations, contradicting long-held assumptions of exotic origins. The research also reveals surprising genetic similarities between Picts and present-day groups in the UK.
Researchers identified copper's role in inflammation and found that it can trigger the expression of genes involved in cancer progression. They also developed a drug prototype called Supformin that blocks copper chemistry, reducing inflammation and cell transformation in cancer cells.
A Rutgers study found that childhood trauma has a significant impact on the development of justice-involved Black youth, influencing risky sexual behaviors and substance misuse. The study suggests that trauma-informed education can improve wellbeing and reduce rates of incarceration for these youth.
A new type of membrane separation technology is proposed for efficient wastewater treatment, which uses a nonpolar super-aligned carbon nanotube membrane to eliminate covalent-bonding-induced fouling. The membrane exhibits high selectivity and comparable permeability while achieving improved cleaning efficiency and oil/water separation.
The NRG Oncology study found that stereotactic radiosurgery was not superior to conventional external beam radiotherapy in terms of pain response, and even showed worse pain response at 3 months. Conventional radiotherapy remained effective with a 50-60% pain relief rate, but only lasting four months.
Researchers found that spinal cord stimulation reduced pain response in rats with human lung cancer tissue without compromising paclitaxel effectiveness. The study also showed SCS improved antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel, providing evidence for its potential as a companion treatment.
A new study reveals that COVID-19 infection can lead to serious financial issues, including debts sent to collection agencies and lower credit scores. Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 had the highest rates of financial problems after their illness.
An international team of scientists discovered that a severe imbalance in the intestinal microbes and gut microbiome-produced metabolites may directly affect the development and retention of anorexia nervosa. The study suggests that specific gut bacteria produce less vitamin B1, leading to loss of appetite and various symptoms.
The American Heart Association scientific statement rates how closely popular dietary patterns align with its guidance for heart-healthy eating. The statement evaluates 10 categories of diets, scoring them from 31 to 100 based on their alignment with the guidance, with some diets receiving high scores while others need improvement.