Killer whales in the North Atlantic exhibit dietary specialization, with regions preferring different prey species. The study's findings provide insight into potential impacts on sensitive species within Arctic ecosystems.
A multidisciplinary group of experts has reached a consensus on key issues related to molecular prediction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic sensitivity or resistance. The document provides guidance for therapeutic regimen design and treatment optimization, aiming to improve clinicians' management of TB patients.
Researchers at Macquarie University have developed a microwave technology that improves solar cell production by reducing energy consumption and increasing efficiency. The new method allows for selective heating of silicon, making it easier to recycle and reuse components.
Researchers developed a perovskite nanoplatelet laser on a diamond substrate, achieving efficient heat dissipation and low pump-density-dependent temperature sensitivity. The study demonstrates potential for electrically driven perovskite lasers.
Researchers developed an AI-based method for virtual staining of histopathological tissue samples, producing images that closely resemble actual chemical-stained samples. This reduces chemical burden and manual work while enabling the use of tissues for other purposes.
Researchers at the University of Sydney successfully biodegrade polypropylene using two common fungi strains, reducing plastic waste by up to 27%. The discovery holds promise for developing new recycling technologies that minimize environmental impact.
A Wayne State University researcher has received a $1.95 million grant to study the regulation of inositol synthesis and its effects on essential cellular functions in human cells. The study aims to identify mechanisms that regulate inositol synthesis and determine its impact on cell signaling and metabolism.
A Portuguese study found that six pets in Portugal and one in the UK carried antibiotic-resistant bacteria similar to those found in their owners. The researchers emphasize the importance of including pet-owning households in programs to reduce antimicrobial resistance. Owners can reduce the spread by practicing good hygiene.
A team of researchers at Aarhus University has discovered a protein that helps protect the body against blood clots in hibernating bears. The protein, HSP47, is found to be downregulated during winter months, allowing bears to avoid blood clots.
Researchers developed an ingestible X-ray dosimeter that detects radiation dose in real time, providing accurate monitoring of radiotherapy. The capsule tracks biochemical indicators like pH and temperature, enabling enhanced treatment precision for gastric cancer patients.
A team led by Associate Professor Jonathan Boreyko has discovered that ice can quench heat more effectively than water, especially at high temperatures. The study found that ice absorbs heat as it melts, reducing the amount of heat available for vapor bubbles to form.
A new meta-analysis finds that Black patients are 71% more likely to experience heart damage following chemotherapy treatment. The study highlights the need for further research into underlying factors contributing to these disparities to reduce cardiovascular risk associated with chemotherapy.
A Portuguese study found that 19% of surfaces in small animal veterinary practices harboured at least one multidrug-resistant bacterium. These included Staphylococci, such as S. pseudintermedius, and Acinetobacter spp., which are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics.
A research team from Université Laval has identified a method to save corneal cells from death using healthy mitochondria, reducing mortality rates from 60% to 10%. This approach demonstrates high therapeutic potential for mitochondrial injection, which could maintain vision without transplantation if diagnosed at an early stage.
A study in Nature Communications Earth and Environment shows progress in Australia's nature-based rehabilitation efforts for sustainable environmental restoration. The research highlights the importance of adopting UN environmental goals as principles in river management to conserve river health and improve resilience.
Researchers have identified 145 potential height genes linked to skeletal disorders and growth plate maturation. The study found that genetic changes affecting cartilage cell maturation may strongly influence adult height.
A team of researchers has developed a swallowable X-ray dosimeter that can estimate radiation dose in real-time, offering improved accuracy and minimization of damage to healthy tissue during radiotherapy. The capsule-shaped device uses a neural network-based regression model to analyze radioluminescence and temperature.
Researchers used a novel machine-learning technique called causal forest, which found that treating individuals with high estimated benefits provided better population health outcomes than the traditional high-risk approach. This approach targets those with high blood pressure and could lead to more effective treatment strategies.
Researchers developed a temperature-sensitive bioink that induces tissue regeneration and biodegrades in the body, reducing immune adverse effects. The bioink enabled cell differentiation to be autonomously regulated within a 3D scaffold, leading to successful bone regeneration in rats.
Researchers discovered that ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus use the volatile compounds of their fungal symbionts to aggregate and potentially kill trees. This finding suggests a new method for biological control by targeting specific beetle species with trapping lures based on these compounds.
The new CALANGO software helps untangle genetic factors associated with shared characteristics, such as antibacterial resistance and agricultural improvements. It enables scientists to explore vast amounts of genomic data across thousands of organisms.
Scientists at the University of Chicago have created a new material that can bend in half or stretch to twice its original length while still emitting light. The stretchable OLED display has applications in wearable electronics, health sensors, and foldable computer screens.
A new genomic catalogue of malignant peripheral nerve tumour-derived lines has challenged current diagnostic criteria, revealing misdiagnosed cell lines and a shared cell line masquerading as different types. The catalogue provides new information to develop precision therapies for these tumours.
Researchers analyzed octopus and squid sensory receptors to discover new families of chemotactile receptors that drive distinct behaviors in the environment. These findings provide insights into the molecular basis of novelty across levels of biological organization.
Researchers use cryo-electron microscopy to visualize a sirtuin enzyme bound to a nucleosome, clarifying how it accesses DNA and histone proteins to modulate gene expression. The study provides insight into the function of SIRT6 in humans and other animals.
A new study has uncovered five new skulls of the Oligocene toothed baleen whale Coronodon from South Carolina, representing two new species and a young juvenile. The fossils provide key insights into the early growth and development of Neoceti whales.
A recent genetic study found that antibiotic resistance is driven by geographic, demographic, diet, and lifestyle factors. Researchers analyzed the microbiome of a large Finnish population sample and discovered associations between food consumption, geographical location, and ARG abundance.
The study found that 68% of carbon contributions come from single-use items, with production and waste disposal contributing significantly. Reusable alternatives for products like gowns, drapes, and instrument table drapes can reduce carbon footprint by one third.
DigiAudit platform provides real-time energy labeling and indoor climate classes, enabling comparison of building energy efficiency. The platform analyzed data from 35,000 Estonian buildings and found that 73% of new or renovated buildings could achieve carbon neutrality with current progress.
A research group has successfully developed an adsorbent material that can selectively recover rare earth elements from hot spring water, a process expected to contribute to a metal resource-circulating society. The method uses environmentally friendly and inexpensive materials, such as baker's yeast and trimetaphosphate.
American Indian, Black, and Hispanic students reported lower parental education levels, financial barriers, and discouragement from pre-health advisers compared to white students. These disparities may deter underrepresented groups from pursuing a career in medicine.
Researchers found that primary school children spend more time on screens, exercise less, and eat unhealthy food during the holidays. Adding structure to their days with regular activities and limited screen time can encourage healthier behaviours.
Researchers created a novel family of wheel-like metallic clusters, showcasing unique properties desirable for next-generation technologies such as advanced sensors. The clusters exhibited distinctive magnetic and luminescent behaviors, including fluorescence and temperature control.
A Spanish study found that 40% of supermarket meat samples contained multidrug-resistant E. coli, including strains capable of causing severe infections in people. The study highlights the need for regular assessment and farm-level interventions to reduce the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in food-producing animals.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have decoded details of how cyclic peptides cross cell membranes, providing a new understanding of their mechanism. This knowledge can help speed up drug discovery by identifying ideal side chains for these molecules.
A new study analyzed the 2022 Tongan volcanic eruption, finding it triggered a mega-tsunami with waves up to 45 meters high, which claimed few lives due to the location and COVID-19 pandemic efforts
The Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences has been awarded a $9.9 million grant by the Bezos Earth Fund to develop low-cost virtual fencing technology that can benefit farmers, animals, and the environment. The project aims to improve existing virtual fencing technology and combine it with animal-monitoring system...
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital developed a genetic therapy to correct myotonic dystrophy in mice by targeting the abnormal splicing of the Clcn1 gene. The treatment restored muscle strength and corrected muscle stiffness, reversing muscle fiber type transitions.
A Princeton University team has developed a method to detect and quantify greenhouse gas leaks using drones and lasers. The approach localizes emissions sources to within a meter and can be used to spot leaks in hard-to-access areas.
A recent study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences reveals that receiving an inhibitory signal associated with negative food conditions can decrease brain dopamine levels in dancing honeybees. The researchers also found that increasing bee dopamine levels reduces the aversiveness of hornet attacks.
Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology developed a new recycling method for solar cells that uses acidic solutions to separate precious metals. The process recovers up to 100% of the silver and 85% of the indium, making it more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than traditional methods.
Chemists at Colorado State University have created a synthetic PHA platform that addresses the limitations of existing biodegradable plastics. The new design enhances thermal stability, mechanical toughness, and enables closed-loop chemical recycling.
A study of over 5 million hospitalizations found COVID-19 patients were more susceptible to HAIs, requiring additional prevention measures. Despite increased infection control pressures, HAI rates among inpatients without COVID-19 remained similar to those in 2019.
Researchers discovered that self-essentialism drives attraction between individuals, even with minimal shared interests. Participants who scored high on self-essentialism were more likely to express attraction and perceive shared reality with hypothetical individuals who agreed on a given issue or attribute.
Researchers have discovered a tiny galaxy with big star power using the James Webb Space Telescope, providing new insights into the universe's early stars. The galaxy is one of the smallest ever discovered at this distance—around 500 million years after the Big Bang—and generated new stars at an extremely high rate for its size.
A new study found that the Pfizer bivalent COVID-19 booster vaccine reduced hospitalization and death risks by 72% and 68%, respectively, in adults aged 65 years and older. The study highlights the importance of bivalent booster vaccination in high-risk populations.
A University of Colorado at Boulder research team has discovered a protein crucial for repairing DNA in cancer cells, which they found can be selectively targeted to kill cancer cells without harming healthy ones.
Research found that individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder have erratic sleep patterns and rigid daily routines, predictive of worse symptoms. The study suggests varying daily routines and incorporating movement can improve brain health and reduce negative mental health symptoms.
Researchers evaluate ChatGPT's potential in assisting computational materials science tasks, including building atomic structures and running DFT calculations. While the tool shows promise, it still faces limitations and ethical concerns.
Newcastle University researchers have developed environmentally-friendly photovoltaic cells that harness ambient light to power IoT devices. The cells achieve an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of 38% and are non-toxic, setting a new standard for sustainable energy sources.
Researchers at Kyoto University have discovered a genetic mutation that causes lethal arrhythmia in humans. The study found that a novel variant of the CALM2 gene produces robust arrhythmogenicity in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
A recent study found that immersive virtual reality training is as effective as inpatient training for students learning to care for acute care pediatric patients. The VR group performed significantly better overall, with notable improvements in infection control and oxygen therapy.
A recent study reveals the first high-quality nuclear genome sequence and assembly of Babesia duncani, a neglected species until now. The parasite's evolution and mechanism of virulence have been identified, providing leads for the development of effective therapies.
A novel treatment approach called balloon pulmonary angioplasty has been shown to be effective in treating chronic blood clots in lung arteries. The procedure improves exercise capacity and quality of life, with some patients able to stop medications altogether. Refinements in technique have improved the procedure's safety and efficacy.
Dr. Debra Saliba will deliver the Henderson State-of-the-Art Lecture at AGS23, focusing on improving care for frail older adults by targeting their needs and goals. Dr. Saliba has over 25 years of experience leading geriatrics research across the continuum of care.
Scientists discovered that savannah grasses existed in East Africa over 21 million years ago, transforming the landscape and driving skeletal adaptations in early hominoids. This finding challenges a longstanding theory and supports the idea that C4 grasses led to open landscapes that promoted hominoid evolution.
Researchers have developed a new technology to sequence individual mitochondria in single cells, allowing for unbiased analysis of full-length mtDNA. This has revealed complex patterns of pathogenic mtDNA mutations and the potential risks of off-target mutations in genetic editing strategies.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a novel tug-of-war strategy that efficiently separates individual lanthanides from each other. By combining oil-loving and water-loving ligands, scientists can target specific elements simultaneously, reducing the complexity and cost of conventional separation methods.
Researchers found that extracellular vesicles stimulate killer T cells, promoting their proliferation and activation. The study also reveals that vesicles serve as a 'danger signal' for T cells during infection.
Researchers discovered a misfolded alpha-synuclein protein as a potential biomarker for early detection of Parkinson's disease. The test was accurate in detecting the disease 87% of the time and identifying its absence 96% of the time.