Researchers found that moths can pollinate flowers more quickly than day-flying insects like bees. The study shows that allowing patches of bramble to flower can provide important food sources for moths.
A survey of Earth's organisms reveals that biomass is concentrated in the largest and smallest sizes, with a pattern favoring large and small organisms across all species. The study found that land-based organisms exhibit this pattern more pronouncedly than marine environments.
Researchers used in-situ cryogenic TEM imaging to directly observe formation of pure-phase ice I c on low-temperature substrates. The study resolves the long-standing debate about cubic ice's existence, with implications for materials science, geology, and climate science.
Researchers have generated artificial mice that mimic the genetic and immunological diversity of multiple myeloma in patients, allowing for more effective and personalized treatments. The mouse avatars can also predict treatment outcomes and identify correlations between genetic traits and response to preclinical therapies.
Researchers found that immune checkpoint inhibitors increase the mobilization of overlapping tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells, leading to antitumor effects. The diverse subset of T-cell clones plays a key role in this response, with polyclonal clones exhibiting more proliferative potential and contributing to effective treatment outcomes.
A team of researchers from Ohio University discovered that CIDEC protein improves vascular and metabolic dysfunction, reducing insulin resistance and lipid levels in high-fat diet-induced mice. The study contributes to understanding the role of the vascular endothelium in regulating systemic metabolism.
Researchers at Colorado State University have created a synthetic molecule with an asymmetric oxygen atom that remains stable and nonreactive. This feat is significant because chiral molecules can have drastically different properties and are crucial in fields like drug discovery and materials engineering.
Scientists designed a synthetic molecule that mimics the hydrogen gas-producing chemical reaction performed by nickel-iron hydrogenase enzyme. The new compound efficiently produces hydrogen using earth-abundant metals, potentially replacing platinum metal in industrial electrolysis.
A new study by UC Health shows that electronic referrals to the California quitline can help patients give up tobacco. The study found that patients referred by healthcare providers had similar quit rates as those who called the quitline seeking help.
The study confirms that a significant number of people from Southwest Asia moved to the Swahili coast in medieval and early modern times, having children with local populations. Hallmarks of the Swahili civilization predated these arrivals, contradicting previous scholarly views.
Researchers compared seven dietary programmes, finding Mediterranean programmes lower risk of mortality, non-fatal heart attacks, and stroke. Low fat programmes also showed benefits for mortality and non-fatal heart attacks, but with less pronounced effects.
Overdose mortality among people aged 65 and older has quadrupled, driven by illicit drugs like fentanyl, heroin, and synthetic opioids. Researchers call for updated Medicare coverage and harm reduction supplies to curb the trend.
Researchers discovered that fomepizole, an FDA-approved drug, can significantly reduce disease in mice infected with multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The combination of fomepizole and erythromycin reduced bacterial burdens by 95% in the lungs and up to 700-fold in other organs.
Researchers teamed with Ethiopian farmers to develop new wheat varieties using genomic analysis. Farmers' knowledge played a crucial role in predicting crop yields and selecting optimal traits. The project aims to preserve agrobiodiversity and promote cultural heritage.
Researchers aim to understand the allure of highly processed foods, which make up 58% of US calories. By studying their processing and added ingredients, they hope to identify underlying variables driving consumption.
A Barcelona Institute for Global Health study suggests that increasing green space in the city may help alleviate mental health issues. By 2025, the expansion of Green Axes (Eixos Verds) could lead to a 14% decrease in cases of poor mental health and prevent 13% of antidepressant use, resulting in annual savings of €45 million.
Scientists developed a novel artificial metalloenzyme using a 2-his-1-carboxylate motif, which exhibited high stereoselectivity in Michael addition reactions. The study provides insight into the reaction mechanisms of metalloenzymes and could lead to the creation of efficient biocatalysts.
Recent GSA Bulletin articles investigate the formation of N-S trending mountain ranges in Tibet and the geochemical signature of a deeply subducted slab. The studies reveal insights into surface uplift and E-W extension, challenging common views on their initiation.
Research shows that young black rockfish grown faster during a marine heat wave, while also experiencing varying levels of survival. Moderate growth rates and sufficient food led to the highest survival rates.
Researchers developed a deep learning approach to recognize and predict motion using vector-based relative change in position. The method, VecNet+LSTM, scored higher than other frameworks in recognizing motion and predicting future movements. This study has implications for machine learning in video analysis and artificial intelligence.
A recent study suggests that cardiac sphericity, or the roundness of the heart, may be a useful indicator for diagnosing cardiovascular conditions. The research used machine learning to analyze medical images and found a link between increased sphericity and future heart troubles.
A University of South Florida anthropologist has uncovered the first ancient DNA from the Swahili Civilization, revealing African and Asian ancestry patterns. The study challenges centuries-old narratives and restores pride to the millions who identify as Swahili by providing clarity to their heritage.
Researchers found exposure to transportation noise at home was associated with a higher risk of death by suicide, with robust results even after adjusting for air pollution and socio-economic indicators. Noise increases mental load, contributing to mental disorders or worsening preexisting conditions.
Researchers at Ritsumeikan University have made a breakthrough in understanding how macrophages recognize microplastics, discovering an interaction between aromatic rings that drives this process. The study suggests that while microplastics may not induce acute inflammation, chronic exposure could lead to autoimmune diseases.
Scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital found a link between hemagglutinin protein stability and flu vaccine effectiveness, as well as pandemic potential in new strains. Incorporating this stability into the vaccine could prevent the emergence of unstable viruses.
Researchers found that a group of amino acids influence brain development, leading to severe effects after birth if nerve cells are starved. The study showed that mice with low levels of essential amino acids developed microcephaly and exhibited long-term behavioral abnormalities similar to those in autism spectrum disorders.
A study of over 65,000 Japanese infants found that those exposed to indoor pets during fetal development or early infancy had fewer food allergies. Children exposed to indoor dogs and cats were significantly less likely to experience specific allergies, while hamster exposure unexpectedly increased the incidence of nut allergies.
Researchers study DNA minicircles using hydrodynamic measurements to understand their behavior under twisting, revealing unique shapes and compactness. The investigation combines theoretical approaches with experimental methods to elucidate dynamic hydroelastic effects in DNA.
A novel, low-cost sensor system utilizing force-sensing resistor technology has been developed by Pusan National University researchers for real-time pipeline monitoring. The system demonstrated a 99.4% correlation with commercial sensors, enabling accurate detection of pipeline damages.
Researchers found that seed systems are often disrupted by conflict, social inequality, and poor policies. Emerging initiatives like participatory plant breeding help farmers secure food supplies by developing crop varieties tailored to their needs.
Researchers analyzed human mortality data from 19 countries and found no evidence of a maximum lifespan being approached. The study suggests that while mortality rates increase with age, the rate of death doesn't reach a plateau or maximum limit.
Researchers from Spain, Italy and Norway uncover a cluster of water channel genes in teleosts that allow eggs to float. The study reveals unique mechanisms for hydrating maturing eggs, which determines their buoyancy.
A team of scientists at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center identified the STING cellular signaling pathway as a key player in keeping dormant cancer cells from progressing into aggressive tumors. Drugs that activate STING could help prevent the spread of cancer to new sites, a process known as metastasis.
Researchers developed a model to track COVID-19 data, predicting transmission and informing health surveillance systems. The model successfully predicted the spread of COVID-19 in Cali, Colombia, highlighting the importance of high-resolution data in understanding virus dynamics.
Researchers found that receipt of opioid use disorder-related telehealth services was associated with reduced risk for fatal drug overdoses. Additionally, medication from opioid treatment programs and buprenorphine in office-based settings also showed a protective effect.
A recent UBC study reveals that the planet's biomass is disproportionately distributed among tiny and massive organisms, with no clear explanation for this pattern. The findings have significant implications for understanding climate change impacts and ecosystems.
A new generation of head-mounted microscopes has been developed to record neuronal activity in freely-moving mice, allowing researchers to study complex behaviors and behaviors. The device offers a field of view four times larger than previous designs, while weighing just 1.4 grams.
Scientists have discovered a new topological phase in twisted 2D materials, which could lead to breakthroughs in nanotechnology. The discovery reveals the formation of polar domains that are inherently topological and form objects known as merons and antimerons.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a process for marking transplanted donor bone marrow cells, allowing them to target only cancerous cells. This breakthrough offers new hope for bone marrow transplant patients with blood cancers such as lymphoma and leukemia.
A recent experiment at Jefferson Lab has revealed the radius of the proton's mass generated by gluons, which may have shed light on the origin of its mass. The result indicates that this core has a different size than the proton's well-measured charge radius.
Scientists have mapped the complete trajectory of placental development, shedding light on why pregnancy disorders occur. The study reveals new information on cell communication and trophoblast development, providing a better understanding of the process.
Researchers identified a crucial molecular process involving gene expression in neurons that contributes to early memory loss and Alzheimer's disease. Genetic alterations in mice showed that lack of phosphorylation on beta-2 adrenergic receptors led to poor memory, while PDE inhibitors improved memory function.
Researchers used explainable AI to analyze gut microbiomes for CRC biomarkers, discovering four distinct subgroups with unique bacterial profiles. This approach shows promise for a more personalized microbiome exploration and potential disease subgroup identification.
A meta-analysis found strong links between cluster headache and migraine and the circadian system, with specific patterns of attacks and hormonal associations. The study suggests using circadian-based treatments as a potential new approach for headache disorders.
A global study analyzing height and BMI data from 71 million children and adolescents found that urban areas are no longer healthier than rural areas, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Rural areas have been closing the gap in recent decades due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare.
A research group at Nagoya University discovered that the Japanese longicorn beetle has a symbiotic yeast called Scheffersomyces insectosa. The yeast breaks down xylose and other wood components, making it edible for the beetles.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new method of digitally simulating hurricanes using AI techniques, accurately representing the trajectory and wind speeds of real storms. The simulations can help develop improved guidelines for building design in hurricane-prone regions.
An international project aims to discover modifiable cellular and molecular pathways of the developing infant immune system to improve infant vaccine responsiveness and prevent respiratory disease. By analyzing infants' immune systems from birth to five years old, researchers hope to identify biomarkers that predict vaccine responsiven...
Researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes drastic changes to RNA modifications, including the loss of m6A modification. This disruption may lead to persistent COVID-like symptoms and provide a new potential drug target against COVID-19. The study's results could also shed light on chronic post-COVID conditions.
Researchers have developed RGO-MXene membranes that exhibit high pure water permeance and improved electro-enhanced rejection performance. The membranes' wettability-regulated channels enhance water entry rates and boost rejection rates for charged species under electro-assistance.
A new class of compounds reduces weight dramatically and lowers blood glucose in lab animals, boosting calorie burn and avoiding nausea. The injectable treatments activate multiple gut hormone receptors, including GLP-1 and PYY, to signal fullness and curb appetite.
A new study from the University of Delaware refutes criticism that DACA policy hurts jobs and income, finding it may actually improve the economic climate. The study, led by Emily Battaglia, analyzed data from 2005 to 2018 and found no negative impact on native-born Americans or non-eligible immigrants.
Researchers developed a novel enrichment strategy to build a Tetrasphaera-enriched EBPR microbiome, which showed enhanced nutrient removal and increased P recovery. Allylthiourea was found to be the key abiotic factor for Tetrasphaera-rich microbiome establishment.
Researchers at NTNU developed a new test to measure flow state, which can be useful for teachers to adapt instruction. The General Flow Proneness Scale has been shown to be reliable and valid, with good results from 228 participants.
Researchers found that cells in the colon undergo a type of molecular time travel, reverting back to an embryonic state and creating immature, non-functional cells that can form benign growths called adenomas. Blocking Sox9 in mouse models prevented adenoma formation and resulted in mature cell maturation.
A new PET/CT scanner prototype has shown promising results in preclinical testing, offering higher resolution and accurate tumor assessment. The scanner aims to enhance treatment planning for head and neck cancers, which have a low five-year survival rate and high recurrence rate.
Children born to mothers infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy may experience altered growth patterns and increased weight gain in early life, which can lead to a higher risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The study highlights the importance of long-term follow-up and prevention strategies for pregnant individuals.
A new condition, Caesarean Scar Disorder (CSDi), has been defined by an international study led by Amsterdam UMC. More than 30% of women who undergo a caesarean section experience long-term symptoms like abdominal pain and fertility problems, caused by abnormal uterine scars.
Researchers have discovered that medieval Swahili people had both African and Asian ancestry, with DNA analysis revealing relationships between Asian merchants and African traders in the 9th-11th centuries. This new research provides a genetic framework for understanding the cultural changes associated with the adoption of Islam.
EPFL researchers have discovered a way to store and process data using magnetic waves, potentially solving the issue of energy-hungry computing technology. This approach enables non-volatile storage within the same system, reducing the need for separate processors and memory storage.