Researchers used the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument to study the motions of nearly 7500 stars in the inner halo of the Andromeda Galaxy. They found telltale patterns that revealed how these stars began their lives as part of another galaxy, shedding light on galactic immigration events.
A research group at Nagoya University has sequenced 95.6% of the Nicotiana benthamiana genome using next-generation sequencing technology. The findings provide insight into the plant's ability to perform grafting, a rare phenomenon in plants.
A new MIT study finds that attending preschool at age 4 significantly increases the likelihood of going to college and graduating from high school. Preschool-educated students were also more likely to take the SAT and had fewer behavioral issues, including suspensions and legal-system problems.
Researchers at Aston University have discovered a new approach to process LDF light signals, allowing for more precise measurement of blood flow in specific areas of the vascular bed. This innovation has shown significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy for detecting microvascular changes in patients with type 2 diabetes and age-spe...
A study by researchers from Hosei University and Kyoto University found that the red velvet mite's bright red pigment is primarily composed of astaxanthin, a powerful antioxidant. This high concentration of antioxidants helps protect the mites from harsh environments caused by UV radiation and heat.
Researchers have elucidated a mechanism that makes tiny plant stem cells destined to give rise to stomata, cellular valves of plants. The discovery reveals two DNA codes and regulator proteins working together to lock in the fate of a plant cell.
Researchers found that consumers are less likely to like, trust and buy a product after a change in branding intended to address racism. Despite being informed of the intention, consumers still exhibit negative reactions to the rebranding.
A study published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry found that a fish oil derivative called DHEA can reduce inflammation and disease severity in mice with multiple sclerosis. By supplementing the diet of mice with DHEA, researchers noticed a decrease in MS-like disease symptoms and an improvement in the immune system's response.
Bacteria can survive antibiotics without acquiring new genes or mutating existing ones by maintaining high electrochemical energies. These high-energy cells exhibit a wide range of energy levels despite being in a state of arrested growth, enabling them to adapt and spread rapidly.
The team developed a technology to globally assess Fe-S cluster binding in an entire proteome without laborious protein purification or radioisotopes. The study found differential sensitivity of iron-sulfur clusters to iron limitation and pathway impairment, prioritizing iron-sulfur cluster delivery in E. coli.
Researchers at Technische Universität Berlin demonstrated that fish schools operate at criticality, a state of optimal alertness similar to the brain. This allows them to process external stimuli and transmit information over long distances, enabling coordinated responses.
A new study by Virginia Tech neuroscientist Sujith Vijayan sheds light on the mechanisms behind PTSD patients' inability to process and extinguish fear memories during REM sleep. The researchers found that high neurotransmitter levels and altered brain rhythms disrupt the normal fear-quelling work of brain rhythms.
A new technique tracks ocean microplastics by monitoring changes in wave activity caused by surfactants, not the plastics themselves. This method could improve microplastic tracking and predict their movement through waterways.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that common microbiome analysis techniques can yield erroneous results due to incomplete DNA databases. The researchers used computer simulations to test the consistency of current methods, showing that a large number of detected species are not actually present in the community.
Researchers developed an interactive training app called 'iTrain' to teach caregivers how to provide post-stroke care. The app uses real-life data and simulations to assess the user's knowledge and improve their skills in providing optimal care, leading to a significant positive effect on anxiety among carers and stroke victims.
A team of researchers discovered that a mutation in the HMGB1 protein causes a rare disorder with severe malformations, suggesting a link between protein droplets and genetic disease. The study's findings could have implications for understanding congenital malformations, common diseases, and cancer.
A recent study published in JAMA Surgery found that underperforming organ procurement organizations significantly impact the nation's organ supply. The research analyzed data from 13 hospitals and identified large gaps between potential and actual donors, highlighting the need for improved oversight and performance standards.
A recent study by sports psychology experts found that irrational beliefs are a key indicator of poor mental health in athletes. Athletes who use phrases like
A UC Davis study analyzed more than two dozen residency programs across the country, identifying data-driven approaches to increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion. The study provides a comprehensive list of strategies for GME programs to diversify their physician workforce.
A novel nuclear medicine imaging protocol, dual-phase amyloid PET, can assess both amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration with a single tracer injection, cutting costs and radiation exposure. The protocol was shown to be comparable in distinguishing patients with neurodegenerative diseases from controls.
A new study reveals that killer whale mothers sacrifice their own reproductive success to care for their adult sons, with a cost of over 50% reduction in new calf births. This life history strategy offers evolutionary benefits to females when their sons reproduce successfully.
Researchers at Cornell University have found that severe drought, lasting three consecutive years, likely accelerated the collapse of the Hittite Empire in ancient Anatolia. The team analyzed tree ring and isotope records to pinpoint this period of severe dryness, which matches the timeline of the empire's disappearance.
A study of London adolescents found long-term exposure to PM2.5 is associated with higher blood pressure, particularly in girls. Exposure to high levels of nitrogen dioxide was also linked to lower blood pressure in this group.
A new analysis of 7,068 elderly Americans found that only 41% of cognitive decline can be statistically accounted for by dementia. Personal education, race, household wealth and income were the biggest contributors to population-level variation, but all factors accounted for only 5.6% of age-related change.
The University of Illinois' online social work degree programs aim to increase diversity and accessibility by catering to non-traditional students with family and work obligations. The iBSW program enables students to complete a BSW degree solely through online classes, increasing the possibility of earning a baccalaureate degree.
Researchers found that breathing muscle strength persisted for five weeks after training stopped, suggesting potential benefits for physical endurance and quality of life in individuals with chronic lung conditions. Inspiratory muscle training also reduced the metaboreflex, allowing for improved exercise endurance.
Researchers found that female caribou shed their antlers within days of giving birth, leaving behind a record of their annual travels across Alaska and Canada's Yukon. The study demonstrates how important the area is for an animal that native Alaskans and Canadians still depend on for sustenance.
Researchers have identified specific subtypes of ellipsoid body (EB) ring neurons that regulate sleep in Drosophila. These subtypes, including R3p and R4m neurons, promote daytime sleep and nighttime wakefulness, respectively.
A large study of 2.9 million individuals found that major depression risk is linked to more affected family members and early exposure to family mental health issues. The risk doesn't vary by gender or relationship type, suggesting a strong genetic component in major depression.
A new study suggests that childhood mental health problems resulting from early-life adversity drive poorer cognitive performance in adolescence. Researchers found that addressing mental health difficulties when children are young can alleviate the effects of early-life adversity on later cognition.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have designed a soft and breathable material that can be worn on the skin without causing discomfort. The material, made from liquid-metal elastomer composite, has integrated antibacterial and antiviral properties to prevent the formation of harmful pathogens.
Two studies reveal that ME/CFS is associated with reduced levels of butyrate-producing microbes and differences in gut metabolites. Researchers found distinct changes in the microbiome of patients with short-term and long-term ME/CFS, suggesting a potential link between gut dysbiosis and the disease's severity.
A new study found that long-term voluntary wheel running improved skeletal muscle and bone parameters in female mice, but the effects varied depending on body weight. High body weight was more beneficial for muscle and bone health with aging, especially when combined with exercise.
A new study found that the majority of top-selling prescription drugs in the US have low added benefit, with consumer advertising favoring these products. The analysis revealed a significant shift in promotional spending to direct-to-consumer ads, which may drive patient demand for less effective treatments.
A recent study found that nearly half of older adults receive no dental care and half lack dental insurance. After becoming eligible for Medicare, the percentage of people receiving restorative dental care decreased by 8.7%, while complete edentulism increased by almost 5 percentage points among those aged 65 and above.
Scientists at the University of Jena have solved a decades-long puzzle by studying quartz samples under extreme pressure. They discovered that characteristic lamellae, which are often used to detect asteroid impacts, form when quartz transforms into a more tightly packed phase under high pressure.
Researchers at Nagoya University have identified 2,6-dihalopurines as a new class of stomatal opening inhibitors, potentially involving LRX3-5 and RALF peptide. This discovery may lead to the development of new agrochemicals and chemical biology research applications.
A new study reveals that medical students learn valuable lessons from Family Medicine clerkships, including the importance of the doctor-patient relationship and clinical skills. The research also identifies a hidden curriculum area for improvement: acknowledging the difficulties of primary care practice. This finding has implications ...
Researchers found inconsistencies in labor and delivery policies, causing vicarious trauma among nurses. Policy changes are proposed to improve emotional and mental health support for healthcare workers.
The study validated the clinical utility of Strata Oncology's proprietary pan-solid tumor predictive biomarker, Immunotherapy Response Score (IRS), which predicts response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy. IRS captures tumor biology and microenvironment by combining tumor mutation burden with quantitative expression of PD-L1, PD-1, ADAM...
The new automated method, called HybridFlow, uses large-scale aerial images to produce precise 3D models of cityscapes and landscapes. This technology has potential applications in natural disaster risk assessment and mitigation, enabling informed decision-making and evaluation of risk-mitigating factors.
Researchers utilized the Chemistry42 platform to generate novel molecular structures and identified a hit molecule for CDK20, a promising target for hepatocellular carcinoma. The platform's customizable reward function and generative models enabled efficient design and optimization of molecules.
A global assessment identifies areas most vulnerable to Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, highlighting the need for targeted risk management actions. The study reveals 9.3 million people in High Mountain Asia are at highest risk, with India and Pakistan accounting for nearly half of the global total.
Scientists develop eigenmodes of structured light that remain undistorted even in turbulent channels, enabling robust transmission through noisy media. This breakthrough paves the way for future work in quantum light communication and imaging through complex systems.
Researchers developed a 'scanning and direct derivatization' method to target polymyxin, an antibiotic of last resort, for treating diseases resistant to conventional drugs. The method generated hundreds of peptide derivatives with varying effects, accelerating drug development.
Researchers developed new spiro-pyrazolo quinazoline derivatives with reduced bee toxicity without compromising insecticidal activity. The compounds showed promising results, including one compound with an LD50 value three to four orders of magnitude lower than fipronil.
A Yale University-led study reveals that Chinese public opinion on ivory became more negative after the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) allowed the sale of African ivory to China. The research used machine learning techniques to analyze public opinion from Chinese media coverage b...
Research reveals that opioid tapering can lead to more hospitalizations and emergency department visits, while also reducing primary care visit rates. The study's findings suggest potential unintended consequences of opioid tapering for policymakers and clinicians.
Researchers used Reinforcement Learning to enable kites and gliders to adjust their orientations in real-time, accounting for turbulence. This improvement could significantly enhance the performance of airborne wind energy devices, expanding the reach of wind power to poorer communities.
Engineers at the University of Waterloo developed AI technology to predict breast cancer treatment effectiveness, allowing doctors to prescribe personalized treatments and reduce unnecessary side effects. The new algorithm uses synthetic correlated diffusion imaging images to forecast patient responses to chemotherapy.
A new study found that children with conduct disorder who experienced childhood maltreatment have more extensive brain structural changes compared to those without maltreatment. The study highlights the unique contribution of childhood maltreatment to these changes and provides neurobiological insights into the heterogeneity of CD.
A recent GP survey found that trans and non-binary adults in England are more likely to experience long-term health conditions, including mental health problems and learning disabilities. They also report negative experiences of primary care and prefer continuity with a preferred GP.
A new study by UCL and King's College London researchers found that vaporized cannabis has the same short-term effects on adolescents (16-17 years old) as on adults (26-29 years old), regardless of CBD levels. The study also showed that CBD does not reduce the psychoactive effects of THC in cannabis.
Researchers from University of Jyväskylä found that forest management has a stronger effect on the supply of ecosystem services than climate change. The study suggests that forest management planning should account for biogeographic diversity, and climate change mitigation measures are particularly suited for northern Finland.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found that parents' early developmental discussions are critical for GBQ adolescent males' sexual health. The study suggests age-appropriate and inclusive conversations at home throughout adolescence, even in elementary school. This approach can reduce vulnerability to p...
A recent study published in Cell explores the neural mechanisms underlying pleasurable touch, finding that touch neurons are involved in dopamine release and sexual arousal. The research sheds new light on the intricate connections between touch, pleasure, and human behavior.
A Rutgers study found that older people living with HIV/AIDS face unmet mental health needs and are more likely to experience PTSD, substance dependence, and suicidal thoughts. Resilience may play a crucial role in increasing adherence to antiretroviral therapy, which is essential to ending the AIDS epidemic.
Nicotinamide riboside has been found to increase muscle mitochondria, improve gut bacterial composition, and boost NAD+ concentrations in humans. The findings suggest that NR supplementation may be a promising therapeutic option for diseases characterized by muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and/or gut microbiota imbalance.
Researchers at the University of East Anglia have developed a new blood test to detect prostate cancer with 94% accuracy. The Prostate Screening EpiSwitch (PSE) blood test significantly enhances overall detection accuracy for at-risk men, offering a rapid and minimally invasive diagnosis.
FRIDA uses AI models similar to those powering tools like ChatGPT and DALL-E 2 to generate paintings based on user input. The robot's final products are impressionistic and whimsical, with bold brushstrokes that lack precision sought in robotic endeavors.