Researchers at Temple University Health System found that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors reduce inflammation, restore cell function and prevent cognitive impairment in mice with amyloid buildup. CAIs also improved cerebrovascular health and enhanced amyloid-clearing capacity.
Researchers at Colorado State University have created a new chemical strategy to deliver universal dynamic crosslinkers into mixed plastic streams, transforming them into viable new polymers that can be turned into higher-value materials. The method makes post-consumer plastics usable as a new kind of material with useful properties.
Researchers investigated the roles of STAT3α and STAT3β in aggressive breast cancer and found that differential silencing of these isoforms leads to changes in STAT3 activation. This study emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between STAT3 isoforms for accurate cancer diagnosis and therapy.
A new study reveals that diverse landscapes and microhabitats play a crucial role in helping insects cope with heat stress caused by global warming. Insects that inhabit diverse environments exhibit different strategies to conserve energy, such as reducing activity or seeking shelter in cooler areas.
Researchers discovered parallels between the brain architecture of sea slugs and more complex segmented creatures with jointed skeletons and appendages. The study suggests that simpler organisms like sea slugs adapted a network of neurons to govern locomotion and posture, which was later inherited by more complex animals.
A world-leading international trial has found that the BCG vaccine does not protect healthcare workers against COVID-19, despite boosting 'front-line' immunity in infants and protecting against respiratory infections. The research involved 3988 healthcare workers and showed a higher risk of symptomatic COVID-19 in the BCG group.
A MedUni Vienna study examining the connection between brain structure and function found that brain shape evolved parallel to its capabilities. The research analyzed 90 species of Euarchontoglires, revealing clusters of growth patterns linked to cognitive abilities.
Rheumatologists are crucial in detecting neurologic Lyme disease due to its broad spectrum of symptoms and signs. Early treatment has a favorable prognosis, but delayed diagnosis can lead to severe symptoms.
A fossil of a 'royal fish', estimated to be over 66 million years old, was discovered in Morocco, marking the first time a sturgeon has been found in Africa. This finding suggests that sturgeons may have been more widespread than previously thought, complicating models of their origin.
Research finds that using unconventional spellings can lead to decreased consumer trust and loyalty, but may have positive effects in contexts where consumers seek a memorable experience. The study suggests caution for firms launching new brands with unusual spellings.
A new study found that inhaling low concentrations of ethanol vapor can inactivate the influenza A virus in mice without harmful side effects. The researchers believe this method could also treat similar viruses like Covid-19 and potentially stop pandemics. However, further evaluation is needed to ensure its efficacy and safety on humans.
A pandemic cohort study found that nearly one-third of adults aged 45 and older with both TB and COVID-19 died between March 2020 and June 2022. The study highlights the severity of co-infection in this vulnerable population.
The NVX-CoV2373 vaccine demonstrated strong safety and immunogenicity profiles in a clinical trial of over 2,200 adolescents. The study found the vaccine to be efficacious in preventing COVID-19, including the Delta variant.
Most smallholder farmers in Uganda surveyed believe they can reduce damage caused by the fall armyworm using various management and control options. They predominantly use chemical control methods, including regular weeding and handpicking, with some farmers also employing biological extracts to combat the pest.
Researchers discovered a protein involved in membrane remodeling in cyanobacteria, structurally similar to eukaryotic membrane proteins, suggesting it may be the oldest known bacterial ancestor. The protein, SynDLP, was found to have structural properties that match those of eukaryotic dynamin.
Researchers found that checkpoint inhibitors are not effective in treating relapsed aggressive lymphomas after CAR T therapy. The study involved 96 patients from 15 centers and showed only 19% response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
A study published in Neurobiology of Disease suggests that targeting the sigma-1 receptor and ATAD3A protein may prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in ALS. The researchers found that this approach could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases.
Computational heuristics like Grey Wolf Optimizer and Whale Optimization Algorithm offer fast solutions to complex supply chain problems, providing accurate results within a shorter time frame. The research suggests these tools can be a valuable addition to supply chain management, especially in responding to unexpected disruptions.
Scientists have discovered that quasars are ignited by galaxies crashing together, a process that drives gas towards supermassive black holes and releases extraordinary amounts of energy. This finding provides a significant step forward in understanding how these powerful objects are triggered and fuelled.
Researchers developed an AI-based early warning system that combines acoustic technology with artificial intelligence to classify earthquakes and determine potential tsunami risk. The system uses underwater microphones to measure acoustic radiation, which travels faster than tsunami waves and carries information about the tectonic event.
A new study by University of Illinois researchers found associations between dozens of features that promote brain and cognitive health in older adults. The analysis combined data on nutrient intake, brain structure, and cognitive function, revealing clusters of traits that work together to support healthy aging.
Researchers from Graz University of Technology have developed a novel method for producing central components of mRNA vaccines using biocatalytic synthesis. This approach achieves a yield of 92-95% compared to 40-50% for chemical processes, making it more efficient and cost-effective.
Researchers at National Jewish Health found that daily Colchicine treatment improved fevers and symptoms in two adolescent patients with long COVID. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in the MEFV gene, which is associated with periodic fever syndromes.
Researchers found that people dislike fitness recommendations from apps using social media data, instead favoring personalized approaches with control options. Users prefer systems allowing them to choose between different recommendation methods, making them feel more in control.
A recent study has discovered a shared protein sequence among bacterial pathogens, recognized by human T cells in a conserved manner. This finding suggests that T cells may provide broad antibacterial immunity against a range of diseases, potentially informing the development of more effective vaccines.
Exposure to pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin during pregnancy and lactation causes reduced cognition, increased repetitive behaviors, and altered dopamine levels in mice offspring. These findings suggest that exposure to pyrethroid pesticides may contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders in humans.
A new study finds that pet rabbits require daily freedom to exercise outside their home enclosure, even in larger hutches with access to an exercise area. The research highlights the importance of allowing pairs of rabbits to move freely throughout the day.
New research shows that rhythmic brain activity helps organize transient bursts of activity in the brain to maintain short-term connections. Brain rhythms coordinate overlapping populations of neurons to store different pieces of information at the same time.
A team of researchers identified UBA868 as a significant player in the biogeochemical cycle of the deep ocean, regulating energy balance and fixing carbon dioxide. This finding challenges previous assumptions about the role of microorganisms in the marine ecosystem.
A study by Osaka Metropolitan University found that social and educational indicators have a stronger impact on population decline rates than economic indicators. Increasing investment in education for children can help lower population decline rates, suggesting a potential solution to Japan's shrinking city problem.
Researchers used fluid dynamics to model blood drop behavior during secondary atomization, finding smaller droplets are easier to sweep up by firearm gases. This discovery could explain how short-range shooters remain clean from blood stains.
Researchers found that autistic children exhibit higher levels of verbal aggression and disruptive behavioral intensity across three critical developmental periods. Autistic children also show more physical aggression in early childhood, but this gap closes as they age.
Researchers have developed enzymes that can efficiently break down plastic, reducing its environmental impact. However, over-reliance on these technologies may not address the root issue of excessive plastic production.
A Brazilian study found that prenatal exposure to cannabinoids increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome, breathing difficulties, and impaired control of breathing. The study suggests that consumption of cannabis or derivatives during pregnancy can have severe effects on the fetus's neural and physiological functions.
Researchers in China developed a method to increase the efficacy of membrane separation technology using nanofibrous membranes with silver nanoparticles. The technology is up to 99% effective at separating oil from water, promoting a stable hydration layer that impedes oil droplets and enhances antibacterial properties.
Monthly buprenorphine initiation rates in the US rose from January 2016 to October 2022, then plateaued prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study suggests factors beyond the pandemic contributed to this trend.
A team at Cardiff University developed an AI-powered tsunami early warning system that uses real-time classification of underwater earthquakes to detect tsunamis more reliably and earlier. The system enables faster evacuation by identifying the size and scale of tsunamis through acoustic-gravity waves, reducing false alarms.
The article discusses the fabrication and applications of van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs), which have unique properties and potential for exploring condensed matter physics. Various strategies for fabricating vdWHs were developed in the past decade, leading to promising functionalities in diverse fields.
Researchers developed a living yeast-based dual biosensor that can detect peptide variants with a visible readout, enhancing the capabilities of their original biosensor. The new sensor can distinguish between specific peptide variants using a protease-cleaving catalytic enzyme.
Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science have demonstrated a new chip-scale approach using OLEDs to image magnetic fields, offering a potential solution for portable quantum sensing. This technique enables small, flexible, and mass-producible sensing without requiring input from a laser or cryogenic temperatures.
Researchers found Dark Matter does not consist of ultramassive particles but rather ultralight particles that travel like waves. The discovery resolves an outstanding problem in astrophysics and provides new insights into the nature of Dark Matter.
Research by DRI researchers found that increased winter temperatures are driving more extreme variations in stream flow across the US. This is impacting floods, droughts, and ecosystems. The study examines over 500 watersheds and finds that snow-dominated watersheds are receiving more precipitation as rain than historically.
A recent study found that males on reduced calorie diets showed greater fat loss and improvements in blood sugar levels compared to females in young adulthood. However, when dieting began at older ages, there was no significant difference in fat loss between sexes.
A team of researchers has achieved unparalleled precision in measuring the time delay between two photons using frequency-resolving sampling measurements. This breakthrough enables faster and more efficient characterisation of nanostructures, including biological samples and nanomaterial surfaces.
Astronomers have discovered a supermassive black hole consuming a giant star, producing a long-lived transient object that is orders of magnitude brighter and more energetic than any recorded before. The object, named Scary Barbie, has lasted over two years and may be visible for years to come.
Researchers propose a new theory on how cancer cells actively adapt to evade the immune system, losing and gaining tumor-associated antigens. This adaptation makes it difficult for immunotherapies to target cancer cells effectively, but may also create new vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically targeted.
The guideline provides guidance on definitive local therapy options for non-small cell lung cancer with limited extracranial metastases. It emphasizes the need for a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to treatment decisions.
Researchers found that CUDC-907 selectively induces apoptosis in cells driven to senesce by p53 expression. The compound showed senolytic properties in different models of stress-induced senescence, depending on its inhibitory effects on HDACs and PI3K.
Researchers developed an ecofriendly disposable sensor that can check levels of glucose and other biomarkers in saliva using a wooden tongue depressor. The device uses low-power diode lasers to create conductive electrodes, making it cheaper and easier to produce on-site at medical facilities.
A study of 436 cognitively normal older adults found that unawareness, rather than awareness, of memory decline was strongly associated with future clinical progression. The research suggests that discordant self- and informant-reported cognitive decline may provide important information to practitioners.
Lutz Grossman aims to create a protein-rich food source using hydrogenotrophic bacteria, which require no agricultural inputs. His goal is to produce a sustainable alternative to traditional protein sources, addressing global food security concerns.
Researchers developed a new sociotechnical framework to assess eHealth tool quality and impact. The framework balances technical, social, and organizational aspects and considers implementation challenges.
A new study by researchers at McMaster University examined a child's behavioral, affective, and physiological responses to a speech task. The findings showed that approximately 10% of children may be characterized as temperamentally shy, while 25% may experience shyness as an emotional state in some situations.
Researchers have developed a non-invasive technique using laser speckle imaging to visualize microvasculature in donor hearts and detect abnormal blood flow. The method enables precise visualization of blood circulation, potentially identifying hearts suitable for transplantation.
NASA solar observatories have discovered that asteroid Phaethon's comet-like tail is not composed of dust, but rather sodium gas. The findings contradict previous theories and suggest a new explanation for Phaethon's behavior, which is the source of the annual Geminid meteor shower.
A study by Oregon State University found that a metal bar installed on the crab-sorting table can reduce the strain on fishermen's bodies and prevent injuries. The researchers tested different banger bar configurations and found that higher bars and triangular bars were the most effective in reducing muscle activity and joint moment.
A large-scale study has linked accelerated biological aging to an increased risk of depression and anxiety in older adults. Adults with more advanced biological age were found to be more likely to develop depression and anxiety over time compared to peers who were biologically younger.
Researchers developed a model to describe the interaction between a rocket plume and planetary surfaces, providing insights into erosion and contamination. The simulation estimates plume shape, temperature, and pressure, as well as material eroded or displaced, for safer landing sites and spacecraft design.
Researchers found that agricultural antimicrobial peptide use can generate broad cross-resistance to the human innate immune response. This has major implications for the design and use of therapeutic antimicrobial peptides.
A study found that high-quality labeling of images boosts perceptions of training data credibility, leading to increased trust in AI systems. However, biases in the data can reduce trust in certain aspects.