A new Adelphi University study provides insights into how sauropod dinosaurs achieved their record-breaking sizes over time. Researchers found that sauropods reached their exceptional sizes early in their evolution and that with each new sauropod family to evolve, one or more lineages independently reached superlative status.
Researchers found that a specific neuropeptide affects two separate groups of neurons, promoting aggressive behavior in fruit flies. This discovery provides new insights into the complex mechanisms of neuronal communication using neuropeptides.
Researchers found that heavy alcohol use and the presence of metabolic syndrome were associated with a higher risk for advanced liver disease. The study suggests an increasing interaction effect between MetS, heavy alcohol use, and a recent surge in alcoholic liver disease-related mortality.
A new study led by UCL researchers finds that a particular gene affecting nose shape is inherited from Neanderthals and may have been influenced by natural selection. The study used data from over 6,000 volunteers and identified 33 genome regions associated with face shape.
Researchers have developed a zebrafish model to understand lipid transport across the blood-brain barrier, crucial for healthy nervous system development. The study provides key insights into how omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, are transported into the brain and may enable targeted drug delivery.
A recent LMU study found that the Covid-19 pandemic had a predominantly negative impact on families' emotional well-being, despite temporary recoveries. Parental stress was a major factor in this decline. Conversely, a strong parent-child relationship acted as a resilience factor to mitigate these effects.
The World Mitochondria Society will host Targeting Mitochondria 2023, a conference featuring sessions on innovations such as mitochondria in space and exosome-based mitochondrial medicine. The event aims to take clinical translation of mitochondrial therapies to a new level.
Scientists at Forschungszentrum Juelich develop bilayer graphene quantum dots with near-perfect symmetry, allowing for efficient long-distance coupling and robust spin-state detection. This breakthrough has significant implications for the realization of large-scale quantum computers.
Researchers have created a detailed map of human retinal organoid development, revealing information on cell types, proteins, and gene expression. The study uses advanced imaging techniques to visualize multiple proteins simultaneously and provides insights into retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.
A study found that the coqui frog's calls have changed over a 23-year period due to rising temperatures, with higher-pitched calls at higher elevations. This shift may indicate a mini-migration of frogs up the mountain as temperatures increase, posing a threat to their survival.
Researchers create high-resolution maps of the 3D genome, revealing interactions between enhancers and promoters that weren't previously seen. The findings suggest many genes interact with dozens of regulatory elements, opening possibilities for studying gene regulation and potentially understanding diseases.
A team of researchers has proposed a new method for dispersion control using a single metasurface device, enabling an ultra-thin spectrometer with nanometer resolution. The device uses gold nanorods with spatially variant orientations to accurately map wavelengths to different positions on the focal plane.
Researchers found that Fiocruz's partnership with AstraZeneca was crucial to the success of COVID-19 vaccine production in Brazil. The partnership demonstrated the importance of technology transfer agreements, regulatory support, and political skill. Bio-Manguinhos facility played a significant role in producing vaccines, making over 5...
Researchers at UCI and NASA JPL find that Petermann Glacier's grounding line shifts during tidal cycles, allowing warm seawater to melt ice at accelerated rates. This interaction makes glaciers more sensitive to ocean warming, increasing projections of sea level rise by up to 200%.
Researchers created 3D-printed talking heads to simulate conversations and assess acoustic properties. The project aims to improve human hearing algorithms and develop more realistic listening experiences.
A Chinese Medical Journal review highlights the health hazards of air pollution, particularly from fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, hospitalization, and respiratory mortality. The study suggests that reducing PM2.5 levels through government interventions and individual...
Researchers developed EmbryoNet, an automated image analysis software that uses AI to detect and classify developmental defects in fish embryos. The software outperforms human experts in terms of speed and accuracy, making it a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms of drug action and studying embryonic development.
A new study developed a mathematical innovation model grounded in psychology to predict adoption trends for new products. The model divides people into four categories: innovator, early adopter, majority, and laggard, and suggests that each group looks for specific properties of adoption trends to inform their purchasing decisions.
Researchers at NIH have identified large-scale DNA changes, known as structural variants, that contribute to dementia risk. These variants were found in samples from patients with Lewy body dementia and frontotemporal dementia.
Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have made a breakthrough in removing rapeseed's bitter substances, paving the way for a new plant-based protein source. The team identified three proteins that transport glucosinolates into seeds, allowing them to prevent accumulation and produce healthier seeds.
Researchers found that telepresence drives addictive behavior on both platforms, with 28% of Instagram users and 24% of TikTok users qualifying as addicted. Immersion in social media experience displaces meaningful relationships, which can be detrimental to well-being.
A new study found that fame-seekers plan their mass shootings as 'surprises,' carefully crafting them in ways that set them apart from previous incidents. Researchers analyzed data from 189 mass shootings between 1966 and 2021, finding that attacks by fame-seekers were about three times more surprising than those from non-fame-seekers.
A new strategy has been developed to enhance photocatalytic water oxidation by introducing a charge-transfer mediator. The mediator, partially oxidized graphene, reduces charge recombination and prolongs the lifetime of photogenerated charges.
Scientists have created a new way to image and track macrophages in the body using ultrasound-enhanced immune cells. This method has potential for early cancer detection and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. The technique involves attaching microbubbles to macrophages, allowing for high-resolution tracking images.
Researchers at the University of Notre Dame introduce 'uptrend messaging,' a new strategy to encourage healthy behaviors. By emphasizing increasing engagement in healthy habits, this approach outperforms traditional norm-based messaging methods and promotes positive behavior change without deceiving consumers.
Researchers have found that hearing aid users are dissatisfied with the sound quality of music when using their hearing aids. However, some manufacturers' music programs have improved significantly. The team tested 200 recordings and found that two brands stood out in terms of music quality.
A research team led by Professor Nicolas Doucet investigated the evolutionary conservation of molecular dynamics in enzymes. They found that specific atomic motions are conserved throughout evolution to preserve biological function.
Researchers found that solriamfetol, armodafinil–modafinil, and pitolisant reduce excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea already using conventional therapy. However, patients may be more likely to discontinue the use of these medications due to adverse events including headache, anxiety, and insomnia.
Researchers have developed a new immunotherapy targeting tumour macrophages, which are immunosuppressive cells that weaken the immune system. The treatment, RImAb, reduces tumour growth and modifies the tumour microenvironment, offering potential for a new line of treatment for lung cancer patients.
Researchers at Nova Southeastern University have made breakthroughs in understanding the complex relationship between beneficial and harmful bacteria. By studying how these bacteria communicate and work together, they hope to develop new treatments for infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Researchers have identified three types of bacteria associated with natural purple photosynthetic bacteria that show strong anticancer efficacy. The bacteria can thrive in hypoxic tumor environments and trigger the immune system to kill tumor cells.
Researchers have engineered bacteria to combine natural enzymatic reactions with the carbene transfer reaction, producing new-to-nature carbon products that can be used in biochemicals and advanced biofuels. This breakthrough could reduce industrial emissions by providing sustainable alternatives to chemical manufacturing processes.
Researchers developed a new probe to measure pH levels in cells, revealing a constant conversion rate from endosomes to lysosomes. The probe's ability to track pH changes enables faster diagnosis and potential treatments for lysosomal diseases.
A recent study published in PLOS ONE found that patients with Type 2 diabetes who have full chewing function have significantly lower blood glucose levels compared to those with impaired chewing ability. The research highlights the importance of dental care and occlusal function in managing blood sugar levels.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that the shells of galactic bubbles are more complex than previously thought, with unexpected temperature and chemical properties. The study suggests that these bubbles were formed by intense star-formation activity rather than supermassive black hole activity.
Researchers found that corals within the Port of Miami's highly urbanized environment exhibit remarkable persistence despite poor water quality, excess nutrients, high temperatures, and low pH levels. The study demonstrates surprising resilience that can teach us about the future of coral reef ecosystems.
A new study confirms that hormone therapies increase lumbar spine bone mineral density and protect against bone loss in postmenopausal women. The benefits of hormones on bone health persist even after therapies are discontinued.
Researchers used computer modeling to simulate the movement of lightweight plastic particles in the Mediterranean Sea. Their results suggest that these particles can drift up to 175 miles laterally from their point of origin before sinking. This discovery highlights the potential for long-distance interactions between plastic waste and...
A new study found that air pollution from the oil and gas sector has substantial adverse impacts on air quality and human health, resulting in 7,500 excess deaths, 410,000 asthma attacks, and $77 billion in annual health costs. The pollutants nitrogen oxide, fine particulate matter, and ozone from U.S. oil and gas production were respo...
An international team has detected aerosols from the Hunga Tonga eruption in the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric westerlies, aiding simulation of volcanic plume processes. This discovery provides key insights into physical properties and evolutionary process of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere.
A systematic review found that VA surgical care is as good as, or better than, non-VA care for many operations. VA's National Surgical Quality Improvement Program has helped track millions of surgical cases and improve outcomes, including reduced postoperative mortality and morbidity rates.
Researchers used AI tools to simplify a test for hepatitis C and SARS-CoV-2, achieving 97% accuracy for SARS-CoV-2 and 95% accuracy for the most prevalent version of hepatitis C. The team plans to refine the test, improve its ability to distinguish between strains, and potentially develop at-home tests in the future.
Researchers at UCI have discovered new small-molecule drugs that show promise in treating age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The treatments, called 'Stress Resilience-Enhancing Drugs,' slow or halt disease progression in animal models.
A new study from Cornell University found that the pharmaceutical industry can significantly reduce its environmental impact. The study analyzed the full life cycle of the HIV antiretroviral drug Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) and found that energy usage is the biggest contributor to carbon emissions, accounting for up to 45% of t...
Professor Nicholas Harvey received the prestigious IOF Olof Johnell Science Award for his outstanding scientific contributions to osteoporosis. The award recognizes his work on fracture risk assessment tools and musculoskeletal research.
A new study published in JMIR Diabetes found that Fitterfly's diabetes digital therapeutics program improved glycemic control and weight management in participants with type 2 diabetes. The 90-day program led to significant reductions in hemoglobin A1c levels and body weight.
Researchers have developed a modular system to recognize chiral molecules, which could lead to more effective methods of separating enantiomers in drugs. The system uses metallopolymers with chirality to sense two enantiomeric molecules through electrochemical interactions.
Fentanyl-related pediatric deaths increased substantially from 2013 to 2021, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating this public health crisis. Annual deaths peaked in 2020 and 2021, indicating a more than 6-fold increase among children under 5 years.
Researchers have found an advanced immunotherapy treatment, called CAR T therapy, to be effective in targeting Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) tumours. The treatment involves isolating a patient's immune cells and re-infusing them into the patient to fight their cancer.
The Southwest Rural Health Research Center's survey highlights mental health and addiction as rising concerns in rural areas, while access to quality healthcare remains a significant issue. Economic stability is also a key priority, reflecting the impact of poverty on healthcare access.
Researchers at Oregon State University are part of a $5 million NSF effort to accelerate robotics research by providing standardized humanoid robots. The project will build on an earlier success that designed and tested 10 prototype Quori robots, incorporating lessons learned to improve the robot's design and distribution.
Researchers found that ragweed and ryegrass emit more subpollen particles than previously thought, which can boost cloud formation and contribute to climate change. Whole pollen grains also facilitate cloud growth, but SPPs are poor ice-nucleating sites.
Researchers developed a method to investigate surfactant arrangement at the liquid-vapor interface using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. They achieved Ångstrom-depth resolution and distinguished between hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of perfluorinated pentanoic acid molecules.
The study examines the impact of surface type on Arctic amplification, finding that ice-retreat regions experience the strongest warming and largest seasonal contrast. The seasonal energy transfer mechanism and changes in effective thermal inertia also contribute to the seasonality of AA.
A new glycosidic-bond-based mass-spectrometry-cleavable cross-linker has been developed to improve data analysis throughput and identification accuracy of cross-linking information. This technique enables in-vivo cross-linking of protein complexes in live cells, achieving large-scale and precise analysis of 1,453 proteins.
Researchers at UC Irvine have developed a DNA enzyme that can target specific RNA mutations in cancer cells while leaving healthy strands intact. This breakthrough technology could revolutionize disease treatments with precise, targeted therapies.
A sharp increase in colchicine's price led to a 17% drop in its use and worsened disease control in gout patients. Patients turned to alternative medications with potentially different side effects, resulting in increased emergency department visits and specialist consultations.
Human brain organoids, grown in labs from stem cells, raise questions about personhood. Researchers propose a legal framework to understand their potential personhood and uses.
Hospitals affected by ransomware may see increased patient loads and resource strain, impacting time-sensitive care for acute stroke patients. Targeted cyberattacks can have regional disaster implications on healthcare delivery.
A new study found that an online belonging exercise increased the rate of full-time college completion among students, especially at institutions with strong support strategies in place. The intervention showed significant effects on students' persistence, course taking, and sense of belonging.