The study found that vaccine type significantly impacts the immune response to COVID-19, with Pfizer and Moderna offering a stronger antibody response than Johnson & Johnson. Age, sex, BMI, and smoking status also affect vaccine effectiveness, with smokers experiencing a 240% lower response.
Researchers have identified distinct senescence subpopulations and dynamic changes in the transcriptome of human cells undergoing senescence. The study provides new understanding of the heterogeneous nature of senescence and its impact on aging diseases.
Patients using medical cannabis reported sustained improvements in health-related quality of life in the study. Adverse events were common but rarely serious, highlighting the need for caution when prescribing medical cannabis.
EuroPCR 2023 brings together experts in interventional cardiovascular medicine to share knowledge, skills, and innovations. The event features 220 workshops, live-streamed sessions, and a scientific abstract competition.
Scientists at the University of Electro-Communications successfully measured the effects of an ultra-high magnetic field on a transition metal oxide, discovering signs of a new magnetic superfluid state. This achievement has significant implications for spintronics technology and potential applications in quantum computing.
The use of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in disinfectants has been linked to asthma, dermatitis, and inflammation. The scientists recommend using safer alternatives and monitoring their levels in people and the environment.
Researchers found that accounting for exact lens mounting structure is crucial in ensuring robustness of lens systems against temperature changes. The study demonstrated the importance of considering specific mounting structures in athermalization, highlighting the impact of changing mounting characteristics on thermal stability.
Deaths from falls among adults aged 65 or older in the US rose between 1999 and 2020, affecting all population subgroups. The relative ranking of groups remained unchanged over time despite varying magnitudes of increase.
Researchers identified a broad list of diagnoses and higher risk of long COVID in New York City compared to Florida. Symptoms included dementia, hair loss, blood clots, and fatigue.
High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals the structural dynamics of amyloid-beta protofibrils, a key component in Alzheimer's disease. The technique also shows an effective tool for studying the impact of drugs on this process.
A new study reveals that human vision can exploit defocus blur to infer perceptual scale but does so crudely, affecting our ability to accurately estimate object sizes. Researchers used blurred images of full-scale railway scenes and small-scale models to test participants' perceptions.
A research group at the University of Cordoba has characterized a new transcription factor, FaMYB123, which regulates the production of anthocyanins responsible for strawberries' red color. The protein interacts with another factor, FabHLH3, to increase anthocyanin biosynthesis during ripening.
A new study found that ocean acidification is causing Dungeness crabs to physically sniff less and have decreased ability to detect food odours. This loss of smell may be partially explaining the thinning of crab populations, as reduced food detection could impact energy availability for reproduction.
Researchers highlight the need for a coherent international framework for decommissioning offshore structures due to limited evidence on their environmental impact. The study emphasizes the critical need for consensus on future approaches as an estimated 1,800 offshore wind turbines will require decommissioning by 2030.
Researchers used fluid dynamics models to study the mountain pine beetle's flight, finding that wing shape, age, and size impact thrust production. This knowledge can improve statistical confidence levels for insect dispersion studies and help preserve pine forests.
Research published in BMJ Open suggests a strong association between environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis. PAH exposure was found to account for most of smoking's impact on this disease risk, with one specific compound, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, showing a strong association.
Researchers at the University of Texas at El Paso have developed a nickel-based material that can split water into hydrogen gas more cheaply and efficiently. The material is designed to mimic the shape of the prickly pear cactus, which has an extensive surface area suitable for absorbing moisture and surviving in extreme environments.
A new study by sports experts at Staffordshire University explores how social identity influences concussion disclosure in elite women's rugby. The research found that brain injury is often underreported or not disclosed due to a strong sense of teamwork and obligation to play while injured.
A long-term study at the University of Eastern Finland reveals a significant reduction in palsa area by over 75% from 1959 to 2021. Climate change has only a limited impact on active layer thickness, contradicting expectations.
Researchers at Lund University found that migratory bats' efficiency in converting energy into muscle power increases with flight speed. The study, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, used high-speed cameras and laser measurements to compare kinetic energy with metabolism.
A new alkaline thermal treatment (ATT) technology produces hydrogen from biomass with significant potential for negative carbon emissions. The study highlights the importance of alkali and catalysts in the reaction mechanism, suggesting strategies to enhance efficiency and overcome kinetic limitations.
Research from Boston Medical Center found that pulmonary tuberculosis enhances HIV antibody responses and increases the prevalence of antibody-resistant strains. This study has significant implications for HIV vaccines and antibody-based therapies, highlighting the need for novel strategies to generate broad and potent antibodies.
A new metric, called the carbon storage (CS) factor, enables urban planners to evaluate how a new development will affect the city's carbon balance. By using the right kind of wooden construction technologies, up to 70% of future construction can preserve lost forest carbon storage capacity.
A new study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause lasting damage to spinal nerves, leading to persistent sensory-related symptoms. The researchers discovered thousands of genes were affected by the virus even after it was cleared, suggesting a unique pathway for pain induction.
A team of researchers has developed an AI tool called CRANK-MS that uses neural networks to analyze biomarkers in patients' bodily fluids and predict Parkinson's disease onset with an accuracy of up to 96%. The tool may help identify early warning signs for the disease, which can be challenging to diagnose.
A new University of Ottawa study found that educated Black individuals in Canada were hesitant to receive the COVID-19 vaccine due to distrust in the healthcare network. The survey revealed that health literacy and racial discrimination played a significant role in this mistrust.
Researchers at IAC propose that a mysterious trail of stars may be a galaxy without a bulge seen edge-on. The study finds surprising agreement with a local galaxy, IC5249, and suggests that the object behaves like a typical galaxy. This new theory simplifies the explanation for the phenomenon.
Researchers found that people produce louder and slower speech with less pitch variation when communicating with AI systems, while clearer speech improves comprehension. The study aims to improve AI's ability to understand human speech and investigate language changes as technology advances.
Researchers found that mycorrhizal networks are essential for forest stability but not through sharing and caring among trees. The network works like a trading ground for individual trees and fungi, each trying to survive.
Research found that young people living in health-constraining environments were more likely to experience poorer emotional and mental health. In contrast, those living in health-promoting environments were less likely to have problems with substance-abuse and hospitalisations for self-harm.
A team of researchers developed an unsupervised entity alignment framework to improve knowledge graph search, avoiding human labor. The framework outperformed most competitors on precision and recall, scoring higher overall across multiple datasets.
Researchers developed a mechanically tough gel electrolyte to protect lithium metal anodes, significantly improving cycling stability. The achievement may facilitate practical use of high-performance lithium metal anodes in batteries.
A study presented at Digestive Disease Week found that nearly 40% of TikTok posts about liver disease contain false or misleading information. Inaccurate claims often push fad diets, detox drinks, and herbal remedies as cures, with little engagement compared to accurate posts.
A UNIGE team has developed small beads encapsulating fecal bacteria for treating a serious intestinal infection. The technology overcomes obstacles in current treatments, allowing for easier and more comfortable administration.
Researchers have developed a method to rapidly assess the persistence of entire ecological networks and detect extinction risk. By examining interactions between species, scientists can identify patterns and make 'big picture' conclusions about ecosystem health.
Researchers used large language models to generate open-ended answers, which were often more convincing than real responses. This approach may help gather data quickly and at low cost but also raises concerns about the authenticity of online user data.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health estimates that regulations reducing lead and copper contamination in drinking water generate $9.2 billion in health benefits annually, exceeding the EPA's public estimates by an order of magnitude. The analysis also reveals at least $2 billion in infrastructure benefits, bringi...
The new FRAXplus beta version offers a more user-friendly platform to refine risk factor information, allowing clinicians to explore the impact on individual patients. The tool provides helpful features such as saved data and export options to facilitate sharing.
A study using tooth enamel analyzed by laser ablation revealed that Neanderthals in western Europe hunted large animals, such as wild goat and horses, whereas humans consumed smaller creatures like rabbits and fish. The researchers estimated the territory size of both human groups, finding contrasting results.
A unique analysis of 205 fossil pollen records provides insights into past ecosystem dynamics in Asia during the Holocene. The study finds that vegetation change has been generally heterogeneous across space and time, but has become more homogeneous due to human activity.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 significantly increased Black representation in local government, particularly in county commissions where coverage was implemented. The study found that capital spending grew more rapidly in these counties with higher shares of African Americans, indicating a positive impact on local governance. However, ...
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that pro-inflammatory cell types dominate the intestinal mucosa of children with inflammatory bowel disease, while protective cells are underrepresented. The results provide new insights into the immunology of IBD and may lead to the development of more effective treatments.
Researchers have developed a new technology that could revolutionize computing by moving beyond the limitations of traditional semiconductors. Coherent antiferromagnetic spintronics enables information to travel without generating significant heat, potentially leading to a hundredfold increase in processing speed and energy savings.
Researchers found two migration events from northern coastal China to the Americas, one during the Last Glacial Maximum and another during the subsequent deglaciation period. The study also uncovered a genetic link between Native Americans and Japanese people, explaining similarities in Paleolithic archeological finds.
Researchers used non-invasive electrical stimulation to modulate signals in the left prefrontal cortex, affecting facial expression predictions. The study showed that stimulation at a frequency of 20 Hz increased brain activity on the same frequency band, modifying behavior.
A study published in Microorganisms shows that melatonin can aggravate Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis by disrupting the balance of gut microbiota. The hormone, commonly used to improve sleep, had negative effects on bowel inflammation in laboratory mice, depending on their microbiota profile.
Researchers developed a size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method to measure empty capsids in gene therapy programs, outperforming other analytical methods. The study found SEC-MALS to be linear, accurate, and precise, providing a robust analytical technique for advancement of gene therapy programs.
Patients receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder show significant decline in fentanyl and heroin use over the course of a year, with average positivity rates dropping from 21.8% to 17.1% for fentanyl and 8.4% to 4.3% for heroin. Methamphetamine and cocaine use remains steady.
A team of researchers from Peking University found that temperature-dependent rock thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity affect the long-term thermal performance of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS). The study showed that increased thermal conductivity improves thermal conduction, while decreased specific heat capacity impair...
A gene-edited calf demonstrates reduced susceptibility to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) after intentionally altering the CD46 receptor with CRISPR/Cas9. The healthy calf showed no measurable infectious virus in its blood, despite both calves developing antibodies to the virus.
Researchers found that oxytocin levels increase when partner touches arm, then decrease with stranger's touch. Brain activity suggests adaptive responses to recent social context.
Scientists have successfully produced a gene-edited calf with resistance to BVDV, a virus costing the US cattle sector billions annually. The edited calf, named Ginger, displayed significantly reduced susceptibility to the virus without adverse health effects.
Researchers have identified two novel DOF family transcription factors that enhance wheat regeneration and genetic transformation. These findings provide new insights into the transcriptional regulatory network involved in boosting wheat regeneration, offering opportunities for improving crop improvement.
A new study found that social support, sense of community, and depressive symptoms played a role in changes to an online gaming site's social structure over time. Members who reported more social support and a greater sense of community were more likely to form communication ties and connect with others.
Experts urge clinicians to adopt a whole-of-person approach to medical care to address chronic disease and mental health issues related to child abuse and neglect. A trauma-informed biopsychosocial model of health can help reduce the negative impacts of exposure to serious child abuse and neglect.
A new study reveals that cyclic AMP and cGMP bind to ion channels with distinct effects, shedding light on their roles in regulating cell functions. The findings could inspire new treatments for disorders involving ion channel malfunctions.
Scientists have defined a basic toolkit for forming tubular organs in animals, which is thought to be the foundation of organ development in vertebrates. The study uses the sea star as a model organism and reveals that cells can proliferate and migrate simultaneously during tube formation.
Researchers from Aston University and the University of York discovered new insights into how the human brain makes perceptual judgments of the external world. They found that humans can exploit 'defocus blur' to infer perceptual scale, but this process is crude and more heuristic than metrical analysis.
A gene-edited calf, named Ginger, has been born with reduced susceptibility to a major viral pathogen, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). If confirmed by follow-up research, this approach could offer long-term potential to reduce antimicrobial and antibiotic use in the cattle industry.
A study in Kenya's Nairobi city found that preadolescents' diets are shifting towards unhealthy Western patterns, leading to increased obesity. Researchers suggest interventions using peer counselors and lay health educators to promote healthy lifestyles.