Researchers found that genetically identical Amazon mollies exhibit differences in offspring size and reproductive output, indicating varying levels of biological fitness. The study suggests that epigenetics, stochasticity, and micro-environmental factors play a role in the emergence of individuality.
Researchers observe measurement-driven topological transitions in quantum systems, finding that imperfections affect the transition's location and shape. The discovery has potential applications in sensing and characterization of optical elements.
Scientists have created a new method to produce azaphospholes, a class of compounds previously difficult to synthesize. The technique enables control over electronic and optical properties, opening up possibilities for future applications in optoelectronics.
Researchers at IMBA Institute of Molecular Biotechnology have identified a new gene, Daam1, that plays an essential role in switching on the development of secretory cells in the intestine. The finding opens new perspectives in cancer research.
Researchers aim to understand changes in rainfall patterns and their impact on water security, climate change, and urban planning. They will analyze historical data from 1900 to 1960 to identify trends and provide a comprehensive view of rainfall across the region.
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen discovered that phages use small RNAs to disarm bacterial CRISPR-Cas immune systems, making them vulnerable to infection. This finding has significant implications for phage therapy and could lead to more specific and controlled CRISPR-Cas treatments.
Researchers establish new standards for laboratory experiments to improve PET recycling efficiency. Four engineered enzymes were tested, with LCC-ICCG outperforming the others in terms of depolymerisation rate and enzyme requirement. The study aims to accelerate the development of industrial-scale solutions for PET waste management.
Rice physicists find that a 'strange metal' quantum material exhibits greatly suppressed shot noise, suggesting unconventional charge transport mechanisms. The study provides direct empirical evidence for the idea that electricity may flow through strange metals in an unusual liquidlike form.
Researchers discovered that plants create a directional light signal through air-filled channels, allowing them to position their organs for optimal light capture. This mechanism is crucial for photosynthesis and survival, and provides insights into the formation of air-filled intercellular channels with multiple functions.
A team of researchers from Kyoto University found that the pituitary vasopressin system is crucial for building a robust circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This discovery has led to the development of potential treatments for jet lag, which currently target only the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
A study at the University of Bonn found that primary school children are more likely to choose unhealthy snacks when buying with friends or classmates. Conversely, they opted for healthier choices when purchasing alone. This highlights the importance of understanding how social factors influence children's purchasing decisions.
The study highlights the need for a whole-school approach to environmental education for sustainability, involving students and teachers as agents of change. Teachers also express concerns about burnout and lack of recognition, emphasizing the importance of training and motivation.
A team of astrophysicists discovered that two methods for determining the age of stars measure different things, with a 5.5 million-year difference in age determined by dynamic tracking versus isochronous measurement. This finding has significant implications for our understanding of star formation and stellar evolution.
Researchers discovered 188 rare and previously unknown CRISPR-linked gene modules using the FLSHclust algorithm. This expands CRISPR diversity and offers opportunities for harnessing novel biotechnologies.
Researchers from Kyoto University found that two species of land snails exhibit opposite behaviors in response to predator-like stimuli. The species K gainesi accelerates its forward movement to escape predators, while its nocturnal relative K editha retreats into its shell.
A new study has found that different gross subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have significantly different prognoses and molecular characteristics. The study suggests that gross classification may be valuable for developing individualized diagnosis and treatment strategies for HCC, with potential implications for patient outcomes.
Researchers investigate whether Tau proteins play a previously unsuspected role in energy management of neurons, potentially leading to new treatment options. The study aims to clarify the role of Tau in energy management and explore novel approaches to develop it into a target for therapies.
The European Research Council has awarded €627 million in Consolidator Grants to fuel innovative research projects spanning all disciplines, including engineering and life sciences. The grants will create around 1,800 jobs for postdoctoral fellows and PhD students.
Researchers have identified a decaploid genome structure in the Nepenthes gracilis pitcher plant, revealing subgenome dominance that contributes to evolutionary innovation. Recessive subgenomes are enriched with novel genes, particularly those related to unique traits like dioecy and carnivory.
Researchers found that cancer cells are more vulnerable to radiotherapy when using the less common 'YC' first-base-cytosine site instead of the usual 'YR' adenine or guanine start sites. This discovery enables further understanding of gene regulation in cancers and potential targets for treatment.
Researchers discovered plant proteins (MDL) that resemble human MIF protein in both amino acid sequence and spatial structure. These MDL proteins can bind to MIF receptors, activating immune-relevant signaling pathways and potentially modulating the human immune system.
A study by the University of Ottawa found that various long-term memory types, such as semantic and episodic memory, rely on the same brain network to varying degrees. The research used neuroimaging techniques to compare brain activity across different memory conditions.
A study by the University of Portsmouth reveals that moderate-intensity exercise improves cognitive performance in people who are sleep-deprived and have low oxygen levels. The research found that even when participants were exposed to hypoxia, exercise continued to enhance their ability to perform mental tasks.
A team of researchers has detected an extremely energetic cosmic ray with an energy exceeding ~240 exa-electron volts (EeV), but its arrival direction shows no obvious source. The detection was made by the Telescope Array experiment's surface detector, which is located in Utah, USA.
Scientists have identified 77 main cell types and around 650 cell subtypes in a single experiment, enabling research on embryonic malformations. The new approach reduces the number of animals used for analysis and allows for faster and more accurate study of genetic disorders.
A recent study published in Science has found that 75% of possible mutations in E. coli protein lead to high antibiotic resistance, contradicting the longstanding fitness landscapes theory. This discovery has significant real-world implications for understanding antibiotic resistance and evolutionary processes.
A new study found that accounting for long-term impacts of tropical cyclones raises the global Social Cost of Carbon by more than 20%. The increase is mainly driven by projected rise of tropical-cyclone damages to major economies, particularly India, USA, China, Taiwan, and Japan under global warming.
The Telescope Array has detected the second-highest energy cosmic ray ever observed, with an energy equivalent to dropping a brick on your toe from waist height. The Amaterasu particle deepens the mystery of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which may follow particle physics unknown to science.
Researchers separate out microbial and environmental controls on marine sedimentary pyrite sulfur isotope ratios, revealing local processes that dominate the record. This breakthrough refutes previous hypotheses and offers a new framework for interpreting ancient signals.
Researchers at NTNU are developing a new therapy for rare hereditary diseases like DOOR syndrome using mini-brains grown in the lab. The treatment involves injecting a virus with a healthy OXR1 gene to produce the missing protein, which may help stop or reverse the disease.
A study of 768 married Japanese women found that postponing pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased loneliness and psychological distress. The associations were strongest in 2021, highlighting the need for improved mental healthcare systems.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh have discovered a potential new target for treating Barth syndrome, a rare genetic disease with devastating consequences. They identified a molecular culprit that could be targeted to potentially reverse the disease course and developed a small-molecule drug candidate to correct genetic tafaz...
Researchers successfully grow dolomite in laboratory using new theory developed from atomic simulations. The breakthrough resolves the 'Dolomite Problem,' which had puzzled scientists for 200 years. By removing defects in mineral structure, researchers can promote crystal growth of modern technological materials.
A new UK study confirms autistic people have a reduced life expectancy, but the actual difference may be lower than previously claimed. The research found that autistic men and women without learning disabilities had average estimated life expectancies of 74.6 and 76.8 years respectively.
A UGR study found that physical activity wristbands can help change habits and overcome sedentary lifestyles among school children. The 'School-Fit' project showed improved daily physical activity parameters, including increased steps and moderate-to-vigorous activity.
A new study finds that mining companies are staking claims on future salmon habitats as glaciers retreat, threatening the environment. The research reveals that 25 subwatersheds have more than 50% of future salmon habitat near a mining claim, highlighting the need for policy changes.
Scientists at ETH Zurich used AI to analyze data from 1,380 borylation reactions and predict optimal synthesis methods for new drugs. The model was tested on six known drug molecules and showed a success rate of five out of six cases.
Researchers have created two new protocols using novel actinometers to quantify photons, providing versatile and precise light intensity measurements. The protocols are faster, more sensitive, and compatible with imaging systems, enabling accurate measurement of light intensity in biological samples.
A Phase II clinical trial has demonstrated that fosravuconazole is effective in treating mycetoma, a chronic disabling disease. The new oral treatment has been shown to have significant advantages over existing treatments, including a lower pill burden and minimal interactions with other medications.
A new ERC grant aims to develop models using remote sensing data and machine learning to identify critical nutrient runoff sites and plan nature-based solutions. The project will create a global data cube solution, enabling policymakers and farmers to make informed decisions.
Scientists at ETH Zurich develop a novel method to measure seismic tremors using fibre-optic networks' active noise suppression systems. The technique enables accurate earthquake measurements even on the ocean floor and in regions with limited resources.
Researchers detect ultra-high-energy cosmic ray with an energy level comparable to the 'Oh-My-God' particle, raising questions about its origins. The Amaterasu particle's unusual properties are being further investigated through upgraded experiments and next-generation observatories.
A new study reveals that shipwrecks are providing a sanctuary for fish, corals, and other marine species in areas open to destructive bottom towed fishing. Marine life density is significantly higher within wreck sites than in control areas.
A Canadian study found that infants exposed to biologic agents during pregnancy have normal immune development and can safely receive the rotavirus vaccine. The study, involving 191 infants across six sites in Canada, aimed to change vaccination guidelines to protect more babies from severe illness.
Researchers at the University of Konstanz developed an AI-powered method to objectively characterize embryonic development tempo and stages. The Twin Network trained on over 3 million zebrafish embryo images accurately identified developmental stages, temperature dependence, and malformations.
The paper proposes an adaptive representation model for geoscience knowledge graphs that can efficiently represent complex spatiotemporal features and relationships. The model uses a unified spatiotemporal ontology to automatically adopt an adaptive tuple structure based on the association of spatiotemporal information.
A new peer-reviewed study published in Nature Climate Change reveals that forests managed by Indigenous and local communities have improved outcomes for carbon storage, biodiversity, and rural livelihoods. The research supports calls for securing tenure for Indigenous peoples as a strategy for overcoming obstacles in forest restoration...
Researchers have identified a new mechanism for removing RNA-protein crosslinks induced by aldehydes, which can damage cellular function. This discovery sheds light on the effects of aldehydes on human cells and may be particularly important for maintaining cell function in older individuals.
The complete decoding of the human Y chromosome sheds light on its role in sex determination and its potential impact on digestive diseases. This discovery provides a comprehensive reference for identifying genetic variations that may contribute to digestive diseases.
Researchers from Flinders University have found that dust contains distinct chemical and biological signatures that can be used to link a crime scene. The study, published in Forensic Science International Genetics, suggests that dust could be a valuable tool in forensic intelligence gathering.
During pregnancy, distinct pools of stem cells in the adult brain are activated, giving rise to specific types of olfactory bulb neurons that enable mothers to recognize their own pups. These new neurons are temporarily formed and disappear after birth, highlighting the brain's ability to adapt to specific needs.
Researchers have discovered a root cause of Barth syndrome, a deadly metabolic illness, by analyzing faulty cardiolipin molecules and their interaction with cytochrome c. The study used solid-state NMR technology to demonstrate the structural changes that lead to toxic oxidation in mitochondrial membranes.
Researchers found that pyrite sulfur isotopes primarily reflect local conditions rather than the global sulfur cycle. The team developed a computer model to understand how sedimentary parameters affect the sulfur isotope composition of pyrite.
A study by Prof. Christina Sanchez-Stockhammer shows that Star Wars words and constructions are increasingly used in digital English text corpora. The study reveals that these words have reached the highest level of integration into the English language, with many uses referencing tangible objects like toy lightsabers.
Researchers found preserved yew trees from 4,200 years ago that reveal a sudden sea level rise likely killed the vast woodland. The trees contain valuable information about natural variability and potential links between global climate events.
Breath-holding spells are common in young children and are harmless, yet many undergo unnecessary diagnostic interventions. A Lund University study proposes guidelines to reduce emergency visits and provide more equitable care for affected children.
A new study estimates that over 460,000 US deaths were attributed to air pollution from coal-burning power plants between 1999 and 2020. The findings highlight the increased mortality risks from coal electricity generation, while also showing that emission-reduction policies have been effective in preventing excess death.
José Pedro Friedmann Angeli, a pioneer in ferroptosis research, has received the ERC Consolidator Grant to explore key metabolic pathways. His project aims to decipher and exploit ferroptosis regulatory mechanisms in cancer.
A new study found that a half-dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 booster vaccine elicited a non-inferior immune response to a full dose in Mongolian adults, with fewer side effects. The study suggests that fractional dosing may improve booster acceptability and reduce costs.
The study analyzed 170 known bacterial languages, grouping them into clusters based on molecular structure. Bacteria can understand related languages, but not those with vastly different languages. This understanding will aid in refining treatment approaches and developing biotechnology applications.