A team of engineers and public health experts from USF helped decrease blood lead levels of 87% of children tested in Toamasina, Madagascar. The team replaced old car batteries with lead-free check valves in pumps, educating city technicians on the dangers of lead.
A new USC study identifies two metabolites that may predict which young Latino people are most likely to develop prediabetes. The research found that allylphenol sulfate and caprylic acid were the most predictive of prediabetes when combined with other risk factors.
A new data-driven framework uses machine learning to identify keystone microbial species in human gut microbiomes, varying across communities. The study found that keystone species have context-dependent essentiality and can aid digestion, breaking down complex starches.
Pandemic-exposed preschool children demonstrated improved problem-solving skills, fine motor abilities, and vocabulary at 2-5 years old compared to non-exposed peers. They also showed enhanced cognitive performance in visual memory and overall cognitive abilities.
Northwestern University researchers have created a new perovskite solar cell that achieves a National Renewable Energy Lab certified efficiency of 25.1%, surpassing earlier records. The breakthrough is made possible by a combination of two molecules, one addressing surface recombination and the other disrupting interface recombination.
Scientists have identified a novel class of molecular glue degraders, which can hijack cellular machinery to control disease-causing proteins. These glues bridge the gap for undruggable proteins and could lead to new treatments for cancer and other diseases.
A recent study highlights the urgent need to address uncertainties in tropical cyclone projections due to climate change. The research emphasizes the importance of improving predictive capabilities to refine climate adaptation strategies and safeguard vulnerable coastal regions.
A new study found that growth mindset training enhances entrepreneurial programs by 50%, enabling individuals to apply learned business principles effectively. The research team discovered a significant increase in entrepreneurial actions among those who received the training, which helped overcome fixed mindsets and scarcity mentality.
Researchers found intestinal hormones can inactivate liver's star-like cells responsible for scar tissue formation. This discovery could lead to new treatments targeting cell changes, avoiding severe side effects.
Researchers develop a solid-state electrocaloric cooling device that generates a 20 kelvin temperature difference with high efficiency, competing with other solid-state cooling strategies. The new heat pump achieves 64% of Carnot's efficiency, exceeding many vapor-compression and caloric cooling devices.
A new study from the University of Oxford found that bumblebees cannot taste pesticides in nectar, even at lethal concentrations. Bees rely on taste to avoid contaminated nectar, which poses a significant threat to their survival.
Researchers at Kanazawa University demonstrate how environmental changes can accelerate or decelerate the chiral inversion process of metallocryptand (R6)LNi3. By adding alkali metal ions, they can change the preferred ratio and speed of switching between two forms of the molecule. This novel approach provides a time-programmable switc...
A large Asian cohort study identified systolic blood pressure targets below 130 mmHg and diastolic targets between 80-89 mmHg as key to reducing cardiovascular mortality. The findings underscore the need for cautious blood pressure management in patients with diabetes.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that gene splicing can reduce CD20 protein levels, making immunotherapies ineffective. However, CAR-T cell therapy may still be effective against patients with low CD20 levels, offering a new treatment option for these patients.
A recent study found that recruiters are less likely to rank former startup founders as top candidates due to biases in evaluating their skills and cultural fit. Smaller companies and recruiters with entrepreneurial aspirations tend to view entrepreneurs more favorably, but overall, startups remain less hireable than corporate executives.
A study by Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology reveals that extracellular vesicles are the primary mechanism for genetic information exchange in the ocean. This discovery challenges traditional views on horizontal gene transfer and highlights the importance of EVs in microbial ecosystems.
A systematic review of air filtration systems found little evidence to support their effectiveness in reducing the risk of viral infections. The study analyzed 32 studies and found no strong evidence that air treatment technologies can protect people from catching airborne respiratory or gastrointestinal infections.
A new study has uncovered the molecular causes of a rare developmental brain condition in children, known as Autosomal Recessive ACBD6-related disorder. The research team identified defects in the acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) gene as the underlying cause, leading to delays in cognitive and motor skills development.
The Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health will host its annual meeting, featuring Major General (ret) Paul Friedrichs as the keynote speaker. The event focuses on disaster medicine and public health, with discussions on vulnerable populations and AI in emergency response.
Researchers aim to identify contaminants in ash, soil, and surface waters from the Maui fire, posing risks to human health. The study will also help educate communities on the presence and risk of contaminants, informing prevention measures for future fires.
A new study on bonobos finds that they form strong alliances and share resources across groups, paving the way for pro-social cooperative behaviors. Unlike chimpanzees, bonobo interactions are characterized by remarkable tolerance, allowing them to cooperate with members of different groups without conflict.
The University of Miami Rosenstiel School will conduct multi-stressor experiments on 16 key reef species to assess the impacts of ocean warming, acidification, and hypoxia on South Florida's coastal and marine ecosystems. The project aims to characterize the effects of climate change stressors under present and future scenarios.
A new study by an international team of researchers found that common oral infections and periodontal diseases are associated with inflammatory metabolic profiles. Oral infections were also predicted to cause future adverse changes in metabolic profiles.
A national Australian astronomy centre achieved gender parity in just five years by implementing evidence-based strategies and creating a supportive culture. The Centre's program reached a tipping point when there were 40% women in leadership positions, resulting in accelerated student enrolments by women.
A study by Dr Lixin Ren found that extracurricular activities have a limited impact on math skills in preschool children, with effects dependent on behavioral regulation and approaches to learning. For children with poor self-regulation skills, structured activities can improve early math skills.
Researchers aim to optimize digital weight-loss programs for rural populations by adding human components, such as weekly group video sessions and individual coaching calls. The goal is to help residents manage their weight and fight the obesity epidemic in areas with limited access to in-person programs.
A new alvarezsaurid dinosaur from Mongolia has provided insights into the sleeping behavior of non-avian dinosaurs. The discovery suggests that these ancient creatures may have slept in a similar position to modern birds.
Researchers found that rare gene variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are less prevalent in African Americans, suggesting a different genetic contribution to the disease. The study highlights the importance of considering genetic diversity and admixture in IBD research.
New research reveals Indian Ocean seabirds face no hotspots where predators feast on prey, highlighting the need for ocean-wide protection. The study's findings suggest that international action is necessary to safeguard these birds' survival due to human activities like overfishing and pollution.
Researchers developed a metal-organic coating that protects bacterial cells from damage without impeding their growth or function. The coated bacteria improved the germination rate of various seeds by 150 percent, making it possible to deploy microbes as fertilizers for large-scale agricultural use.
A new study by Cornell University researchers found that higher cannabinoid concentrations in hemp leaves led to proportionately less damage from insect larvae. The study suggests the potential for developing pesticides from cannabinoid extracts, but such uses would be limited to non-edible plants.
ECOTIP presented recommendations to enhance biodiversity monitoring in Greenlandic fisheries, focusing on data analysis and animal tissue samples. The recommendations aim to improve biodiversity monitoring in the Arctic region.
Researchers have discovered a series of bird footprints from the Early Cretaceous period in Victoria, Australia, indicating that diverse birds lived in southern polar environments during this time. The discovery provides new insights into the distribution and dispersal of early birds across landmasses.
A new algorithm from the University of Surrey models distributed electricity networks, finding that local renewable energy generation is generally more efficient than central storage or export. The study suggests that considering local constraints and factors like energy prices and subsidies can help design the most efficient local grids.
A recent study in Nature Communications has identified a gene cluster in wheat that produces triticein, an isoflavone compound with potential health benefits. This discovery offers opportunities for metabolic engineering efforts to improve wheat's nutritional quality and resistance to disease.
Researchers developed nanoparticles to transport Gemcitabine directly into tumors, increasing efficacy and sparing healthy cells. The approach shows potential to treat pancreatic carcinomas more accurately and with reduced side effects.
Researchers at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that oral nicotine pouches do not curb current smokers' nicotine cravings effectively. The study suggests that these products may be more appealing to young people due to their longer onset time and gradual relief from craving symptoms.
Researchers developed a new 3D inkjet printing system that works with a wider range of materials, including slower-curing materials. The system utilizes computer vision to automatically scan the print surface and adjust the amount of resin deposited in real time.
A team of researchers revisited a 1980s model predicting nuclear power expansion and found it had flawed assumptions that impact energy policy decisions. They suggest improving simulation testing methods like sensitivity auditing to increase transparency about model uncertainties.
A new study from Bayes Business School found that CEOs' surnames can significantly impact their total compensation by up to 4.9%. The research highlights organizational bias and inefficient contracting decisions based on surname attributes, which can affect talent recognition and rewards.
The James Webb Space Telescope reveals the presence of water vapour, sulfur dioxide, and silicate sand clouds in the atmosphere of WASP-107b. The discovery sheds light on the dynamic atmosphere and potential temperature variations that enable these cloud formations.
A collaborative research project found that shelter dogs with brief outings or fostering stays were more likely to be adopted, increasing adoption outcomes by five and 14 times. Short-term fostering programs can improve a dog's life in the shelter and help them find forever homes.
Researchers at the University of Manchester have discovered a way to accelerate proton transport through graphene using light. This breakthrough could lead to more efficient hydrogen fuel cells and solar water-splitting devices.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine have pieced together the lesser-known DNA repair pathway, polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ), which is upregulated in patients with hereditary breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and prostate cancer. The discovery could lead to new therapies for cancer by targeting this pathway.
Physicists have directly observed the Kondo effect in a single artificial atom using a scanning tunnelling microscope. The team confirmed a decades-old prediction by validating their experimental data against theoretical models. This breakthrough paves the way for investigating exotic phenomena in magnetic wires.
Researchers developed DIRFA, an AI-based program that generates realistic videos with facial animations synchronized to spoken audio, showcasing improvements over existing approaches. The tool has potential applications in healthcare, education, and entertainment, enhancing user experiences.
A new study by University of California, Davis researchers reveals that domestic cats use bacteria living in their anal glands to produce unique scents that convey important information. These volatile organic compounds are essential for cat behavior, social lives, and territorial marking.
Scientists have observed bright, brief flashes months after a stellar explosion, confirming that the engine of the LFBOT is a black hole or neutron star. This unprecedented behavior shows that the object emitted multiple supernova-strength optical flares on timescales of less than a minute.
Researchers from GIST have developed a new electrode using Schottky junctions to overcome the conductance limit of active catalysts, achieving high-performance water splitting and hydrogen evolution reactions. The electrode demonstrated remarkable current density and durability during continuous operation for 10 days.
The Georgetown Global Health Center has launched PHAROS, a first-of-its-kind wildlife disease database that collects records of viruses and bacteria in wild animals. The platform aims to predict pandemics like the weather by allowing scientists to share and manage their data, with the goal of making 'one health' a data-driven field.
Researchers develop a passive approach to night-time warming by harnessing energy from the atmosphere, reducing reliance on electric heaters and lowering energy consumption. The new strategy achieves significant temperature increases and annual electricity savings of over 300 kWh m-2 in various climate zones.
The research aims to find strategies to control sprouting in organic potato systems, replacing traditional chemical treatments. Scientists are exploring natural products and technologies to manage sprouting, with the goal of prolonging storage life and reducing financial losses.
Researchers characterized changes in cognitive behaviors, neuronal morphology and gene expression in a tauopathy mouse model. The study found significant decreases in dendritic arborization and synaptic gene upregulation over time.
A national study found that exposure to environmental hazards in neighborhoods is associated with poor cardiovascular health, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. The study used the Environmental Justice Index to assess cumulative environmental burden and its impact on cardiovascular risk factors and diseases.
Dr. Rachel Katzenellenbogen, a renowned pediatric scientist, has been awarded the 2024 Norman J. Siegel New Member Outstanding Science Award by the American Pediatric Society. She is recognized for her groundbreaking work on human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and associated cancers.
A recent study has unveiled two previously undiscovered families of Pseudoscorpions in Israel, including Syarinidae and Cheiridiidae. The research expands the catalog to include 61 pseudoscorpion species belonging to 28 genera and fourteen families.
A study led by Indiana University researchers explores the potential of climate engineering to slow Antarctic ice loss through stratospheric aerosol injection. The approach could buy time to address climate change and avoid catastrophic sea-level rise.
Researchers developed a more efficient way to find emerging designer drugs in urine samples, uncovering new synthetic opioids, benzodiazepines, and stimulants that evaded initial screening. The approach can support public health and safety by enabling swift identification of new substances.
Researchers at ALMA achieved the highest resolution ever, observing a ring-like gas structure around R Leporis and confirming gas escape from the star. This capability will now be applied to young stars with protoplanetary disks where planets are forming.
A new study reveals a network of genes that evolve differently in long-lived and short-lived bivalves, associated with longevity in other animals. This shared molecular framework suggests a common genetic basis for extended longevity across diverse animal lineages.