Brazilian researchers screened 160 existing drugs and identified six compounds effective against Toxoplasma gondii. Almitrine, a COPD treatment, showed significant reduction in brain parasite load. Further studies are needed to repurpose these drugs for toxoplasmosis treatment.
Researchers developed a calculation to identify moderate aortic stenosis patients at higher risk of mortality. The study found that low mean arterial pressure is associated with higher mortality in all patient subgroups.
Dr. Qihui Zhou aims to investigate the role of immune cells in ALS and FTD with a focus on the C9orf72 gene mutation, potentially leading to better treatments.
The ESCAPE-TRD study found that esketamine nasal spray outperforms quetiapine in treating treatment-resistant major depression, with patients showing higher remission rates and reduced depressive symptoms. The results suggest esketamine as a safe and effective treatment option for those with treatment-resistant depression.
A new task group initiative bridges the gap between biodiversity and omics data standards, enabling sustainable interoperability and collaboration. The effort aims to facilitate data reuse, integration, and knowledge generation in biodiversity research.
Researchers developed a new theoretical framework called Assembly Theory, which bridges physics and biology to understand how complexity and evolution emerge. The theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution, providing new insights into the physics underlying biological complexity and evolutionary innovation.
A new study reveals the meadow spittlebug can feed on more than 1,300 plant species, making it a major vector for incurable plant diseases. The insect's unique ability to spread pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to global food security.
A new study by the National Neuroscience Institute suggests that drinking coffee and tea containing caffeine can significantly reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease in Asians who carry specific genetic variants. The study found that those who consumed higher amounts of caffeine had lower risks, even at moderate doses.
A team of researchers from Mass General Brigham has developed a monoclonal antibody that reduces abnormal tau proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease in a preclinical model. The therapy, inspired by a genetic variant that provides resistance against the disease, offers an alternative approach to existing treatments.
A study by Professor Mark Webber and his team found that the NRCS-A strain of Staphylococcus capitis is commonly carried on the skin and in the gut of uninfected neonatal babies, making transmission between babies within NICUs likely. The bacteria's unique genes allow it to survive in the gut, making cleaning the skin ineffective.
A study by Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health found a significant association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and crash risk among older adult drivers. Older adults with ADHD were more than twice as likely to report traffic tickets and vehicular crashes compared to their counterparts without ADHD.
A new machine learning approach called CellOT allows for precise modeling and prediction of cell changes and drug effects. This enables personalized cancer treatments by identifying the traits of resistant cells, paving the way for more effective therapies.
A large cohort study found that both high and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with a small increased risk of dementia. The study included over 184,000 participants and followed them for an average of nine years.
Research suggests that coral reefs in Belize are experiencing a decline in growth rates, with accretion rates decreasing over the past 9,000 years. This decline has significant implications for tropical island nations and the impact of climate change.
A recent study reveals that the transcription factor NRF1 activates aggrephagy, a protein clearance process, in response to proteasome dysfunction. This mechanism helps maintain proteostasis and has major implications for treating degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
Researchers found a 'well-watered corridor' in the Levant that funnelled hunter-gatherers towards western Asia and northern Arabia via Jordan. This route, favoured by travelling Homo sapiens heading north, was used to populate Asia and then Europe over tens of thousands of years.
A coordinated network of space lasers could prevent collisions with manned and unmanned space assets by nudging debris off potential collision courses. The artificial intelligence-powered lasers can maneuver and work together to respond rapidly to debris of any size.
Rates of opioid prescribing to US adolescents have decreased in recent years, mainly for non-surgical procedures. Opioid prescribing for surgical indications has remained relatively stable during the same period. This analysis of Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys data from 2015-2020 reveals a significant shift in prescribing patterns.
Researchers have found a large water reservoir beneath the ocean floor off New Zealand's North Island, which may be linked to the country's mysterious slow earthquakes. The discovery provides new insights into the correlation between fluids and tectonic fault movement, shedding light on the phenomenon of slow slip events.
Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals researchers will focus on understanding the molecular and genetic factors that trigger Barrett's esophagus development and progression to esophageal cancer. The goal is to translate discoveries into effective prevention and treatments for patients, reducing cancer mortalities.
Researchers at GSI Helmholtzzentrum and RIKEN successfully produced and detected the long-sought oxygen atomic nucleus 28O for the first time. The experiment utilized the meter-high neutron detector NeuLAND, developed for FAIR accelerator center.
Researchers have developed a novel zebrafish xenograft platform to screen for novel treatments for glioblastoma, an aggressive brain tumor. The platform uses zebrafish avatars to model glioblastoma cells from individual patients, allowing researchers to identify patient-specific targets and potential treatments.
A post hoc analysis of 10,678 participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease found no significant difference in heart attack, stroke, or death risk between enteric-coated and uncoated aspirin. Enteric-coated aspirin may offer reduced bleeding risk, but more research is needed to confirm its benefits.
The study's unprecedented population-scale investigation of proteins will help scientists understand how diseases develop, enabling the development of new diagnostics and treatments. The dataset, powered by UK Biobank, contains over 14,000 associations between common genetic variants and proteins, many previously unknown.
A new vaccine developed by USC researchers has shown promising results in protecting against deadly superbugs, including MRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii. The experimental shot activates immune cells to provide rapid protection against eight different bacteria and fungi species.
During the pandemic, New Yorkers increased their participation in wild and backyard food activities such as gardening, hunting, and foraging. Despite a general worsening of diets, these activities may have contributed to buffering those effects, with people consuming home-produced eggs and meat, and backyard-grown fruits and vegetables.
The university will use its expertise to create better wide bandgap semiconductors for the US defense, with potential applications in electric vehicles, power grids, and quantum technologies. The hub aims to build 'lab to fab' capability for semiconductors and enhance fundamental research.
A research team has identified a link between calcium imbalances and the progression of brain damage in children with rare genetic conditions. They found that stabilizing calcium levels could be a target for new treatments to prevent further deterioration.
A study by Annika Avedik and Marcus Clauss found that hippos' prominent tusks and wide gaping mouths restrict grinding jaw movements, making chewing inefficient. This limitation may have restricted common hippos to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
A team of researchers at Mays Cancer Center has identified protein markers that could signal the early development of metastatic lung cancer. These markers have led to a $1.6 million grant and will pave the way for a clinical trial in patients with advanced lung cancer.
Researchers at UB discover that neuron-derived extracellular vesicles regulate synaptic plasticity and neuronal signalling pathways in neurodegenerative diseases. The study suggests using these vesicles as a potential treatment to reverse neurodegenerative traits.
A new study suggests that antimicrobials do not improve outcomes for dogs with uncomplicated diarrhea, prompting a potential reduction in their use by veterinarians. The findings come from a causal inference analysis of clinical trial data.
A research team has developed a technology that selectively targets and eliminates aging cells, contributing to various inflammatory conditions. This approach represents a new paradigm for treating age-related diseases with minimal toxicity concerns.
A recent study demonstrated that lasting remission of type 2 diabetes is feasible in the real-world setting through a low-calorie diet and weight loss maintenance. The DiRECT trial showed significant weight loss and remission rates, even after five years, with participants who maintained their weight losing type 2 diabetes permanently.
A genetic study reveals that Pennsylvania's ruffed grouse population has more genetic diversity and connectivity than expected, despite decades of decline. The findings suggest that implementing appropriate protections could prevent further declines in the species.
Researchers at Cornell University have characterized volcanic ash samples from 40 explosive eruptions to provide a comprehensive dataset. The study found that the composition of volcanic ash varies significantly with grain size, tectonic setting, and chemistry, particularly in finer particles where salts increase and glass and iron oxi...
Researchers identified a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) biomarker that can predict disease recurrence and response to treatment in patients with BRAF-negative melanoma. The study found that measuring ctDNA levels and variants can help tailor therapy and improve patient outcomes.
A large public health survey in rural South Africa found that approximately half of people living with HIV, diabetes or hypertension have unmet health needs. The study's novel framework quantifies met and unmet health needs for individuals living with infectious and non-communicable diseases.
A recent study by Dr. Dongxu Yang and his team from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has shed light on the critical issue of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. They conducted a campaign in Shenzhen and Nanning, using a Low-cost UAV Coordinated Carbon Observation Network (LUCCN) to monitor greenhou...
A coaching program created at CU Anschutz has shown significant improvements in burnout outcomes among female medical residents on a national level. The web-based program uses multi-modal interactions to help participants manage professional distress and improve well-being.
Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory have developed an autonomous microscopy technique that uses AI to selectively target points of interest for scanning, speeding up the experimental process and allowing for greater efficiency in facilities with limited beam time. This innovative approach has the potential to accelerate scientif...
A UCLA-led team has discovered the nerve supply that activates brown adipose tissue, a potential key to treating obesity. The study found nerve branches in all eight cadavers dissected, which may lead to using nerves to stimulate BAT activity for weight loss.
A systematic review found conversion practices affecting approximately 1 in 10 sexual and gender minority populations, with significant variations across countries, racial groups, and sex assignments. The study's results highlight the need for increased awareness and support for individuals experiencing these practices.
Researchers found tirzepatide equally effective in treating young-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes, improving HbA1c levels and weight. The drug also showed similar benefits in cardiometabolic markers such as waist circumference and blood pressure.
Researchers at Hokkaido University report the discovery of a stranded ginkgo-toothed beaked whale from Southern Hokkaido, revealing new insights into the species' distribution and ecology. The finding expands the species' known range to include colder waters of the North Pacific.
Researchers analyzed grinding tools from Jebel Oraf in northern Saudi Arabia, revealing the processing of plants, pigments, and bones. Use-wear analysis showed that tools were re-used for different purposes, providing insight into the subsistence and economy of Neolithic populations.
Research reveals human occupation in Charco Verde II site from 21,000 to 15,000 years ago, defying the idea that Upper Palaeolithic humans avoided inland Iberia due to its cold climate.
Researchers at Oregon State University have discovered a novel genus and species of micro-wasp with mysterious, bulbous structures on its antennae. The discovery, published in the journal Life, provides new insights into the biology and ecology of ancient insects.
A team of researchers at Penn State has developed an electronic tongue that can mimic human taste preferences, providing a possible blueprint for AI that processes information more like a human being. This innovation could lead to AI-curated diets based on emotional intelligence and personalized meal offerings in restaurants.
Research in Seattle's Democracy Vouchers program found a significant increase in voter turnout, with candidates relying more on small contributions. The study suggests that public financing programs can help address problems of low voter turnout and disproportionate influence of big donors.
Researchers have identified a new pattern in the global jet stream that locks in extreme winter cold or wet conditions over North America and Europe. The study found that this pattern, known as wave-4, triples the chances of extreme cold or wet, while also causing abnormally warm or dry conditions.
A new study by Boston University researchers found that Black women aged 18-65 have a 20% higher risk of suicide compared to white women in the lowest income bracket. The study analyzed data from the National Inpatient Sample database and identified factors associated with self-inflicted injuries among female hospital patients.
A breakthrough technique has been developed by University of Oxford researchers to repair brain injuries using 3D printing. Neural cells can be printed to mimic the architecture of the cerebral cortex, showing structural and functional integration with host tissue.
A new method was developed to predict organ motion in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy, utilizing cross-sectional images from three orientations. The results showed improved accuracy when analyzing all three directions, with errors reduced to as low as 2.13mm.
A new nasal vaccine is being developed to provide long-term protection against Streptococcus A, a deadly bacteria causing 700 million human infections annually. The vaccine approach uses a liposome-based delivery system and has shown robust local protective immunity.
The Ohio State University has been awarded a $20 million grant to conduct research on tobacco product regulation and its impact on public health. The center will examine how nicotine levels affect tobacco use, develop strategies to reduce youth appeal, and monitor the tobacco industry's marketing tactics.
Research found honeybees choose certain plants based on nutritional needs, selecting a fraction of available options to fulfill their requirements. This knowledge is crucial for ensuring food security and availability of suitable flowers throughout the summer.
Researchers at UCF developed a new class of optical modulators to address limitations in data transfer over optical fiber communication, reducing lag and improving reliability. The technology uses phase diversity and differential operations to ensure accurate and efficient transmission.
Researchers from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center presented new findings on radiation-induced secondary cancers, a new guidance system for radiation therapy, and the consequences of insurance denials. The studies aimed to improve personalized treatment decisions for patients with rare cancer syndromes like Li-Fraumeni syndrome.
A portable laboratory device can rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA from environmental surfaces, holding promise for scenarios where access to testing labs is challenging. The device uses a compact centrifuge and PCR technology to provide highly sensitive on-site detection.