Researchers have successfully developed a catalytic system to efficiently synthesize beta-lactam structures using abundant hydrocarbons as raw materials. The new catalyst eliminates the need for auxiliary attachment and removal, reducing the synthesis process from approximately eight steps to three steps.
A new study suggests that upgrading or retrofitting the world's iron and steel processing plants early could reduce carbon emissions by up to 70 gigatonnes by 2050. This is equivalent to two years' worth of net global carbon emissions, according to researchers from UCL.
Scientists have successfully produced a thin sheet of molybdenum, similar to graphene, with impressive properties. Molybdenene exhibits mechanical stability, freely moving electrons, and is an interesting candidate for catalysts and advanced imaging techniques.
Researchers developed a sensitive method for single-cell transcriptome analysis from tissue sections, enabling precise examination of cells with histological characteristics. The study unveiled gene expression differences in granulosa cells and revealed growth retardation in oocyte gene expression profiles.
New research on fossil crocodile ancestors finds they exhibited slow growth rates similar to modern-day crocodilians. The discovery challenges prevailing wisdom on the evolution of slow growth in living crocodiles.
Researchers at U of A are developing an AI-powered system to analyze cardiac images, enabling clinicians to diagnose heart disease more accurately. The project aims to reduce healthcare costs and improve patient outcomes, with potential global implications.
Researchers at University of Chicago identified a new pain relief pathway in the brain that produces powerful analgesic effects without tolerance or addictive risks. Targeting acetylcholine receptors, particularly alpha-7, offers a promising path to developing non-opioid painkillers.
Researchers at the University of Cambridge found that training participants to suppress negative thoughts reduced their vividness and emotional intensity. The study also showed improvements in mental health outcomes for participants, including decreases in depression and anxiety.
A research group from UESTC successfully extracted general characteristics of fiber Rayleigh scattering using a deep learning model trained on numerical simulation datasets. The model accurately recovers broadband fiber Rayleigh scattering and enables adaptive waveform modulation in distributed acoustic sensing systems.
Veratramine from Veratrum japonicum significantly inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and survivability. The research team also found that veratramine increases ATM/ATR protein expression and suppresses Akt protein, leading to decreased tumor size and toxicity in immunodeficient mice.
The Mount Sinai Hospital's Cohen Center will expand its research and clinical care to include 'long Lyme Disease/Lyme+', exploring key similarities and differences with long COVID. The center will offer novel therapies, including virtual reality and non-invasive brain stimulation technologies, as well as personalized cognitive rehabili...
A Griffith University-led randomised controlled trial found midline catheters failed significantly less often than peripheral intravenous catheters. Midline catheters were associated with fewer insertion attempts, increased dwell time, and lower healthcare costs, improving patient satisfaction.
Monash University researchers have developed a new capacity to map and model the spread of brain changes in people with different stages of psychoses. The study identified the hippocampus as a possible early site of brain changes in psychosis, which could guide therapies targeting this area.
A new experimental mRNA vaccine provides protection in preclinical animal models against infection from Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. The vaccine prevents the development of Lyme disease and may represent a powerful tool in reducing Lyme disease cases.
A new type of bone-forming stem cell, DDR2+, has been found to cause premature skull fusion in infants. The researchers discovered that the abnormal proliferation of this stem cell leads to an excess of bone-making cells, resulting in craniosynostosis.
A study comparing PI-RADS 2.0 and 2.1 found no significant differences in upgrade (29% vs. 22%) or downgrade (19% vs. 21%) rates from targeted biopsy to radical prostatectomy, suggesting no improvement in prostate cancer grade assessment with the latest PI-RADS update.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified a novel pathway to stabilize nanoscale precipitates in alloys through nonequilibrium processes. By stopping precipitate coarsening, they can create stable nanostructures with improved mechanical properties.
The enzyme chameau plays a crucial role in helping fruit flies survive periods of food scarcity, but has a life-shortening effect when abundant. Low levels of chameau allow flies to cope with changing environmental conditions and live longer under normal conditions.
Research finds that hyperglycemia-induced hypoxia disrupts pancreatic beta-cell function, leading to impaired insulin secretion. Overexpression of BHLHE40 impairs insulin secretion by reducing MAFA expression.
A Rutgers study finds that safer neighborhoods can reduce the risk of child abuse by providing a stable environment and reducing stress. Improving the built environment, reducing poverty, and providing adequate housing services can help mitigate maltreatment risks in low-income communities.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich discovered how exercise influences muscle function, immune cells, and metabolism in conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes. They found that regulatory T cells play a critical role in controlling muscle function and regeneration.
New research finds that pied tamarins increase scent marking in response to urban noise pollution, which affects their vocal communication. This adaptation may help them cope with the impact of human activity on their habitat.
Researchers have developed a method to control the electronic character of graphene nanoribbons by making metal contacts using direct-write scanning tunneling microscopy. This precise technique allows for device functionality needed for transistor function, overcoming previous uncertainty with giant electrodes.
A Northwestern University study reveals that black holes devour gas at a much faster rate than previously believed. The simulations indicate that the inner regions of the accretion disk are destroyed and replenished, explaining the drastic variation in quasars' brightness and fading patterns.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital refined the definition of hyperdiploidy in childhood B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), using DNA index to predict patient outcomes. The study found that a simpler system captures a significant proportion of patients with excellent prognoses, and that individual chromosome ...
Doctors who contracted long covid while working are struggling to access support and financial aid due to inadequate workplace protection. The condition affects up to 4.41% of healthcare workers, with nearly half losing income, and many facing dismissal or early retirement.
Researchers developed a non-invasive blood test using nanotechnology and AI to detect early neurodegeneration signs of Alzheimer's disease. The test could be done by GPs, providing near real-time results for patients, potentially improving health outcomes.
Zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts show improved hydrogen-related catalytic reactions due to confinement effect, reducing sintering and leaching. Advanced characterization techniques are used to study fine structure of metal sites, enabling better understanding of catalytic performance.
A Phase 1 trial of a preventive HIV vaccine candidate has begun enrollment in the US and South Africa. The vaccine, VIR-1388, aims to instruct immune cells to recognize and respond to HIV.
A new study found that older adults with COPD had a heightened risk of depression during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 1 in 2 individuals with COPD and a pre-pandemic history of depression experienced a recurrence of depression.
A large UK-based study found that waist-to-hip ratio was the strongest predictor of mortality, regardless of body mass index. The study's findings suggest that focusing on adiposity distribution rather than overall weight may be a more effective approach to reducing mortality risk.
UTHSC researchers are studying the role of balanced sex hormones in DNA repair in human melanocytes to determine if hormonal imbalances contribute to melanoma risk. The study aims to find novel prevention methods to decrease melanoma cases and potentially save lives.
Exposure to plasticizers during pregnancy has been linked to smaller total gray matter in the brains of children at age 10. Additionally, maternal exposure to certain phthalates is associated with lower child IQ at age 14. The relationship between exposure and lower IQ is partially influenced by total gray matter volumes.
Researchers found that DPP4 inhibition increased sunitinib efficacy in RCC spheroids and upregulated DPP4 in sunitinib-resistant cells. This suggests potential repurposing of DPP4 inhibitors to target therapy resistance in renal cell carcinoma.
A new deep-learning model was developed by Professor Sanghyun Park's research team at DGIST to classify brain waves with high accuracy using only a small amount of data. This model is capable of overcoming the limitations of existing classification models and can be used for future research related to brain waves.
Scientists develop 3D volumetric optical encryption using dual-light emitting fluorescent-phosphorescent materials, concealing real info with transient phosphorescence. The technique enables secure data protection and could be used in wearable sensors and displays.
Researchers create BP/SnSe2-PVA composite to generate picosecond dissipative solitons, offering improved optical properties and tolerance to nonlinear effects. The composite material shows great potential for ultrafast optics applications.
Research reveals women are negatively impacted by gender-exclusive language in job ads, feeling excluded and disengaged from the workplace. A preregistered replication confirms previous findings on the topic.
Researchers successfully produce full-length spider silk proteins using genetically modified silkworms, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic commercial fibers. The production of spider silk fibers is six times tougher than Kevlar used in bulletproof vests.
Deforestation contributes to climate change, producing 6-17% of global greenhouse gas emissions. New satellite-based technology tracks forest change globally, enabling policymakers to understand the problem and develop solutions.
Scientists have discovered a new technique to analyze stalagmites for insights into seasonal rainfall patterns in Southeast Asia over thousands of years. The study reveals potential to refine climate models' predictions on winter monsoon rainfall, which can inform policies to mitigate intense rainfall impacts.
Researchers found college athletes who experienced non-sports-related concussions had worse symptoms and more days in sports lost to injury. Female athletes had more severe symptoms than male athletes, highlighting the need for improved concussion recognition and monitoring outside of sports.
A new study suggests that theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy can lead to improved self-control, reduced cravings, and less smoking in individuals with nicotine dependence. This treatment targets the brain region responsible for inhibitory control, which is often impaired in smokers.
A study found that gentrified neighborhoods have a 62% higher firearm injury incidence rate than non-gentrified communities. The researchers identified gentrification as a key factor contributing to the increased risk of firearm violence in these areas.
Oregon State University economist Bill Jaeger concludes that 30 years of international treaties on climate change are insufficient due to long delays between cost reduction and benefit realization. Courts recognizing climate rights could add leverage, giving voice to future generations.
Researchers have developed a hybrid silicon photocatalyst that efficiently produces hydrogen and high-value compounds using solar power. The non-toxic catalyst achieves an impressive rate of 14.2 mmol gcat−1 h−1, significantly higher than conventional silicon photocatalysts.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Kidney Diseases found that lower uromodulin levels are associated with a higher risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Participants who experienced steeper declines in uromodulin also showed an increased risk of kidney failure.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that 72% of US-managed cetacean and pinniped stocks are highly or very highly vulnerable to climate change. The researchers used a trait-based climate vulnerability assessment framework to evaluate the impacts on marine mammals.
Researchers found higher 5-year survival rates among Kaiser Permanente patients compared to National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) estimates. Improved screening rates, cancer treatment pathways, and coordinated care may have contributed to these higher survival rates.
Serverless computing is a paradigm shift in cloud computing where cloud providers take over responsibility for complete server management. Two key principles define it: 'NoOps' and 'utilisation-based billing'. Research team from University of Würzburg explores the history, status and potential of serverless computing.
Scientists have mapped the reproductive strategies and life cycle of an endangered coral species, offering a glimmer of hope for its recovery. The purple cauliflower soft coral's findings can inform conservation strategies and potential restoration efforts, including the creation of new coral colonies to repopulate areas of habitat.
Researchers discovered that brain nerve networks are organized into interconnected modules to segregate and integrate inputs, enabling efficient processing. This modular architecture allows the brain to balance local activity with global integration, essential for information representation.
Researchers launch EU-funded initiative to uncover EBV's role in MS, aiming to find underlying mechanism and develop antiviral treatments. The project seeks to improve disease course or stop progression, with potential for preventive strategies like vaccination.
A team of international plant and forest researchers criticized the attribution of human characteristics to plants, stating that such claims are scientifically untenable. They analyzed two widely received books on forests and found no evidence to support assertions about tree feelings, communication, and altruistic behavior.
A new study has found that bats' extraordinary ability to host and survive infections may be linked to their low cancer rates. Researchers sequenced the genomes of two bat species and compared them to other mammals, discovering genetic adaptations that allow bats to tolerate viral infections.
A worldwide study by sixty-two scientists found a relationship between specific emotions and wellbeing during collective stress. Calm and hope are linked to better psychological wellbeing, while anxiety, loneliness, and sadness predict lower wellbeing. Understanding how emotions influence behaviors can improve wellbeing interventions.
A novel numerical analysis successfully replicates observed excavation damaged zone (EDZ) trends at the Horonobe underground research laboratory. The study demonstrates high reproducibility and accurately depicts fracture failure modes, addressing a key aspect of rock deformation and fracturing interactions.
A new study in rodents reveals that infant cries prompt the release of oxytocin, a brain chemical controlling breast milk, in mothers. The study shows how sound information travels to the brain, triggering the hormone release, which continues for around five minutes.
A Brown University team developed a hydrogel-based delivery system that balances tumor acidity and increases doxorubicin's effectiveness against cancer cells. Initial lab tests show promising results, paving the way for pre-clinical trials.
Researchers found evidence of intentional post-mortem modifications to human remains, including fractures and scrapes, at a cave in southern Spain. These alterations suggest that the ancient humans reused and repurposed their own burial sites for practical purposes.