A new species of clearwing moth has been identified from specimens found by a traveler returning from Guyana to the UK. The discovery was made possible through community science efforts involving a young ecologist and a photographer, leading to DNA sequencing and identification as Carmenta brachyclados.
Researchers reconstructed the entire anterior visual pathway of a fruit fly, a complex series of connections between eyes and brain navigation center. This insight contributes to understanding intricacies of animal brains and ultimately human brain wiring.
Researchers have discovered that comb jelly species can fuse after injury, rapidly synchronizing their muscle contractions and merging digestive tracts to share food. This process allows the fused individual to survive for at least three weeks.
Researchers at Yokohama National University have developed an efficient way to hydrogenate nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds, reducing the industry's environmental footprint. The new method uses water and renewable electricity as energy sources, achieving high efficiency and scalability.
Research reveals menstrual cycle luteal phase lengths can vary significantly, even in healthy women, and may impact fertility. The study found that only 11% of participants had normally ovulatory cycles throughout the year, while 55% experienced short luteal phases.
A systematic review found that FDA-issued warnings about antidepressant use among youth led to a decline in pediatric mental health care and an increase in suicides. The study suggests that these warnings, intended to encourage physician vigilance, had unintended consequences.
A new Canadian study models a 1-dose HPV vaccination approach and finds it could prevent a similar number of cervical cancers as 2 doses if vaccine protection remains high. The switch is projected to be a more efficient use of vaccine doses, potentially eliminating cervical cancer in Canada by 2040.
The invasive tiger mosquito expands its host range as it spreads across regions, with a greater diversity of hosts in the invasive range. The mosquito's ability to adapt to new environments and act as a bridge vector for pathogens increases the risk of disease transmission.
Researchers developed a new AI model that predicts optical properties across a wide range of light frequencies using only a material's crystal structure as input. This enables highly precise predictions, making it suitable for screening materials for high-performance solar cells and detecting quantum materials.
New research from the Australian National University reveals that Australians under 50 are experiencing stagnating life expectancy, while older cohorts are living longer. The study found that external causes of death, such as substance use disorders and traffic accidents, were major contributors to this trend.
A Kennesaw State University researcher aims to develop open-source, hands-on QML training materials to educate future researchers. The project will create nine training modules with hands-on labs covering key quantum computing concepts.
A new study by Harvard researchers found that food insufficiency increased after pandemic-era SNAP emergency allotments expired, leading to greater use of food pantries and difficulty paying household expenses. Black SNAP participants reported higher anxiety symptoms than white participants.
A study on Posidonia seagrass meadows in the Mediterranean Sea reveals surprising results: dead leaves break down like compost, producing oxygen through photosynthetic organisms. The researchers also found a two-way exchange between macroalgae on rocks and seagrass, with organic molecules diffusing between them.
Ziyu Yao is creating a language model-powered virtual mathematics classroom to support collaborative learning and promote more equitable education for middle school students from under-resourced communities. The platform aims to provide effective mathematics education and explore the opportunities and risks of Generative AI techniques.
A groundbreaking study reveals how leafcutter ant farming systems evolved without technology or culture, with the fungus adapting to life under ant cultivation through genetic changes that enhance its ability to break down plant material and defend against diseases.
George Mason University has received $20,000 in funding from the National Science Foundation to establish a Center for Climate Risks Applications. The center aims to address industry challenges related to natural perils and improve natural catastrophe modeling under a changing climate.
Researchers at Lehigh University are developing predictive models for gene editing with CRISPR to improve outcomes and expand medical applications. The team is using AI and advanced computer models to simulate the effects of altering a single gene on the entire genome, enabling them to predict and avoid unintended consequences.
Researchers aim to determine structure-function and validate anti-HIV activity of PSGL-1, a host protein inhibiting HIV virion infectivity. The study may lead to novel therapeutics for HIV cure.
Researchers at Osaka University have developed a way to make tough, chemically recyclable polymers without compromising on heat and chemical resistance. This breakthrough could hugely expand the uses of chemically recyclable polymers.
The authors emphasize the importance of increasing vaccination rates to combat decreasing rates globally. They also highlight emerging challenges such as a highly virulent strain of influenza and measles outbreaks, particularly in areas with low vaccination rates.
Researchers at Montefiore Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Center have discovered a natural immune mechanism in mice that stops escaped cancer cells from developing into tumors elsewhere in the body. Alveolar macrophages recognize and interact with disseminated cancer cells, producing signals that keep them dormant.
Researchers developed a novel single-cell genome approach to analyze microbial diversity and genetic features, recovering 300 missed bacterial species and providing insights into antibiotic resistance genes and gene exchange networks. The study has potential applications in public health, environmental monitoring, and agriculture.
Researchers at Rice University have developed adhesive bacteria and proteins that can help efficiently decompose PET, a notoriously resistant type of plastic. The engineered microbes demonstrate a 400-fold increase in adhesion to PET surfaces, making them a potential solution for tackling plastic pollution.
Researchers argue that stigma can play a huge role in health outcomes, leading to disengagement from care, coerced sterilization, and lack of informed choices. Addressing stigma through evidence-based approaches, such as staff training and relationship building, can improve healthcare services.
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases reveals that Asian and Black individuals are less likely to be tested for hepatitis C, while American Indian/Alaska Native women are more likely to receive treatment. The findings highlight the need to prioritize equity in healthcare approaches to ensure timely diagnosis and effective t...
Scientists at University of Tsukuba have discovered the first evidence of precession in ultraluminous accretion disks due to a black hole's spin. This phenomenon causes periodic fluctuations in luminosity and affects the direction of emitted radiation, shedding light on the influence of BH spin on cosmic phenomena.
A pilot open-label randomized controlled trial found a multicomponent physical activity promotion program increased light (14 min/day) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (9.4 min/day), as well as step counts, among remote workers in Japan.
The University of Liverpool will lead a £60m national research hub to develop and manufacture new long-acting therapeutics, positioning the UK as a global leader in this field. The Hub for Advanced Long-acting Therapeutics (HALo) aims to create new proof-of-concept medicine candidates for diseases like high blood pressure and asthma.
Researchers identified a protein called Casein Kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) that regulates our biological clock by tagging other proteins to fine-tune circadian rhythms. The discovery highlights how a small part of CK1δ can greatly influence its overall activity, opening new avenues for treating disorders related to the body clock.
Researchers have developed a novel method to fabricate high-performance macrofibers with exceptional mechanical properties and humidity response using the TAT technique. The resulting fibers exhibit record tensile strength and rapid actuation in response to environmental moisture, making them ideal for various industries.
The integration of MXene with cellulose creates a material with enhanced photothermal, electrothermal, biocidal, and piezoelectric characteristics. The composite showcases remarkable pressure sensitivity, efficient electromagnetic interference shielding, and superior antibacterial activity.
A recent study explores the feasibility of non-wood cellulose-based textiles, offering a promising direction for the industry. The research highlights the potential of agricultural residues and dedicated fiber crops as viable alternatives to wood-derived pulp.
A new CAR-T cell therapy targeting CD7 on leukaemia cells has shown promising results in treating T-ALL patients who have exhausted all standard treatment options. The therapy achieved complete remission in 16 out of 17 patients, with some remaining in remission for over five years.
Recent research highlights the multifaceted potential of chestnut tannin in various sectors, including its use as a replacement for antibiotics in animal feed and as a biostimulant and biofertilizer in agriculture. The compound's high biological activity is attributed to its ortho-phenolic groups.
The review highlights the potential of cellulose-based materials in purifying wastewater without causing environmental harm. Cellulose can be converted into valuable products like hydrogels, aerogels, and nanocellulose for sustainable water remediation.
Researchers have explored biomass-derived antibacterial agents as a sustainable alternative to conventional compounds. The study reveals the potential of these agents in various sectors, including cosmetics and healthcare, and discusses challenges and future perspectives for their application.
Researchers have developed a molecule called LaKe that can mimic the metabolic response to regular exercise and fasting by increasing lactate and ketone levels in the blood. This molecule has the potential to alleviate concentration difficulties, treat brain trauma, Parkinson's, and dementia, and improve overall health.
The University of Virginia has been awarded an $8 million grant to develop compact, chip-scale photonic systems that enhance the sensitivity of optical detectors. These advancements have the potential to transform fields like night vision technology and biomedical imaging.
The Global Biomass Resource Assessment provides groundbreaking data on current and future sustainable biomass supplies worldwide. The assessment aims to explore potential sources of biomass for a circular and sustainable global bioeconomy, supporting clean fuels, chemicals, materials, and products.
A recent study found that nearly three-fourths of Chicago's children had no swimming lessons in 2022, with significant racial and ethnic differences. Black and Hispanic/Latine kids were disproportionately affected, citing lack of comfort with swimming as a reason for not taking lessons.
A new study published in Nature Climate Change examines the distributional impacts of climate policies and climate risks. Implementing ambitious climate policies can reduce inequality by redistributing carbon revenues, lowering the Gini index by nearly 2 points.
A research program co-led by UC Merced aims to uncover biases in academic evaluations and develop strategies for change, finding that minority faculty receive harsher evaluation judgments, with women minority faculty facing the harshest treatment.
A study of identical twins found that CD8-positive T cells play a key role in the early stages of multiple sclerosis. The researchers discovered that these cells exhibit increased migration ability, promote inflammation and show activation markers, suggesting they are already embarking on their journey to the central nervous system. Th...
Researchers have developed a mixture of phages that can effectively treat antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in mice. However, the effectiveness of these phages can vary depending on the bacteria's genetic factors and the presence of other phages and bacteria in the human body.
A team of astronomers discovered new insights into the forces that shape protoplanetary disks using the James Webb Space Telescope. They traced disk winds in unprecedented detail, revealing an intricate structure and a pronounced central hole inside each cone-shaped envelope of winds.
Researchers used AI to repurpose FDA-approved drugs for chronic pain treatment. The LISA-CPI framework identified compounds that can bind to specific pain receptors and modulate signaling effects. Studies are underway to validate these compounds in the lab, offering a promising approach to advanced pain management.
Researchers found that dogs slow down their speech rate when addressed by humans, while humans' speech rhythms meet in the middle. Dogs process human language only within the delta band (1-3 Hz) and with phonological content, debunking myths about prosody sensitivity.
Rice researchers use a rapidly alternating magnetic field to create direction-dependent structures from superparamagnetic beads, offering precise control over material properties. The study reveals the importance of magnetic relaxation time in controlling particle interactions.
The team created a new method by adding two different enzymes to the existing reaction, increasing conversion rates from 46% in 7 hours to 80% in 5 hours. This approach also improved fumaric acid production efficiency from 10% to 16%.
The Antarctic Peninsula has experienced a dramatic increase in vegetation cover over the last four decades, with satellite data showing an acceleration of 30% in recent years. This 'greening' trend is attributed to climate change and has significant implications for the region's ecosystem and environmental future.
Researchers at Brown University found that the federal government may be paying more than $78 billion annually to care for U.S. military veterans enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans, raising questions about federal overpayments to those private plans. The study suggests that dual enrollment of some veterans could result in more federa...
A study published in JAMA Network Open found that children with high or severe levels of sleep disturbance are more than twice as likely to develop suicidal thoughts and behaviors during the next two years. Frequent nightmares were particularly associated with an increased risk.
A study by researchers at UCLA found that Black, Hispanic, and American Indian adolescents are more likely to be tested for drugs and alcohol than white adolescents at pediatric trauma centers. The study suggests that clinician biases may contribute to these disparities.
Researchers introduce the 'prosocial market economy' as a model embedding cooperation, ethical behavior, and sustainability into organizational practices. This approach prioritizes collaboration and collective well-being, fostering long-term economic success and sustainability.
Virginia Tech researchers publish real-time data to better understand what happens when people lose their balance. The study uses wrist-worn voice recorders to capture immediate, self-reported data from participants, providing a more reliable understanding of the circumstances surrounding balance loss among older adults.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute analyzed gamma-delta T-cell receptor landscape across 11,000 tumors, providing insights into their role in patient outcomes and treatment efficacy. The study's findings suggest that diversity and clonality of gamma-delta T cells can significantly impact patient survival.
A University of Leicester study has found that the ability to walk efficiently on the ground played a crucial role in determining how large pterosaurs could grow. Early pterosaurs were adapted for climbing, but later species developed changes to their hands and feet that allowed them to thrive on land, leading to some becoming gigantic.
Researchers at Oxford Brookes University have developed a groundbreaking method to tackle the global challenge of toxic PFAS chemicals in water supplies. The new machine uses bubbles to remove these harmful substances, showing promising results with nearly a 36% degradation rate in just 30 minutes.
Scientists engineered E. coli bacteria to express immune-activating cytokines, which induced potent immune responses in tumors. The bacteria acted as a 'tumor GPS' for mesothelin targeting CAR NK cells, enhancing treatment efficacy. Multiple hard-to-treat tumors responded well to this approach.
A Brazilian study published in PNAS suggests that life on Earth was more diverse than classical theory suggests 800 million years ago, with multiple lineages of amoebae and ancestors of plants, algae, and animals already established. The study's findings challenge the long-held paradigm for the Neoproterozoic period and provide new ins...