The Society for Neuroscience honored nine early career researchers for their outstanding contributions to the field of neuroscience. This year's recipients include Yuuta Imoto, who was recognized for his work on synaptic ultrastructure and its relation to neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Maris...
The four-year grant will investigate how parasitic wasps attack certain insect hosts but not others, with a focus on gall wasps and oak trees. The research aims to understand the co-evolution of species and the processes that create new species.
A study by FoodLab at Universitat Oberta de Catalunya found that 42% of schoolchildren's snacks were sandwiches or pastries, with only 22% meeting health guidelines. The research highlights the need for better food education programs to improve children's diet quality and prevent obesity.
Neighborhood food access in early life is strongly associated with child BMI and obesity trajectories. Residence in low-income areas with limited access to healthy food options increases the risk of severe obesity.
Researchers have created a new electrolyte that enhances the energy density and power density of intermediate-temperature K/Na/S batteries, enabling them to operate at lower temperatures while achieving maximum possible energy storage capacity. This breakthrough could provide a stable and reliable power supply from renewable sources.
Researchers developed a label-free biological sensing method that can detect substances at the zeptomolar level, significantly improving drug testing and research capabilities. This advancement has the potential to lead to portable sensors for environmental toxins, food quality monitoring, and cancer screening.
The McGill team's light-driven chemical process transforms methane and carbon dioxide into green methanol and carbon monoxide, producing highly valued products. The discovery offers a promising path towards Canada's net-zero emissions target by 2050 and provides a sustainable way to produce industrial products.
Researchers at IBEC have created optogenetically generated leader cells that challenge the traditional notion of a single leader cell directing collective cell movement. Instead, each individual cell plays an active role in controlling its speed and acceleration, suggesting a force-velocity relation for collective migration.
Researchers from the Kind Group have gained new insights into the mechanism behind the spatial organization of DNA within cells of early embryos. They found that DNA regions near the nuclear edge are repelled by a specific protein modification, leading to an unusual organization that enables cells to differentiate into various types.
A study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health examines the inequities faced by adolescents with multiple marginalized social identities, including assigned sex, gender modality, sexual identity, racial and ethnic identity, access to economic resources, weight status, and mental health. The research suggests that initiatives aim...
The new European Society of Cardiology Guidelines recommend regular screenings for Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) to prevent complications. The guidelines also emphasize personalized treatment plans, including lifestyle changes, medication, and efficient blockage treatments.
Researchers introduced a novel illumination beam design based on deep learning, eliminating the need for sophisticated optics tools. The approach enhances image quality by optimizing both the deep learning network and the illumination beam simultaneously.
A survey of experts revealed six key challenges to biomarkers of aging in the clinical setting, including standardization and regulatory frameworks. Recommendations have been formulated to address these issues, aiming to advance the use of these tools in optimizing healthy lifespan.
Researchers from University of Utah introduced Simulating Travel Rates in Diverse Environments (STRIDE) model to predict walking travel times with unprecedented accuracy. The model considers slope steepness, vegetation density, and ground surface roughness for efficient routes.
A photograph of a German peasant was taken in 1929 as part of an anthropological study, but its use evolved over time to support Nazi racial purity and anti-Semitism. The image has been misattributed to the Nazi regime, used to justify discrimination against Jews, and even repurposed to promote Turkish nationalism.
A new study by University of Illinois Chicago researchers found that high levels of toxic metals in urine predicted faster increases in blood sugar. Individuals with highest arsenic exposure qualified as prediabetic 23 months earlier and diabetic 65 months earlier than those with lowest exposure.
A new study by Anglia Ruskin University reveals that the Crystal Palace was constructed using a standard screw thread, allowing for rapid completion in just 190 days. This innovation played a significant role in the building's success and had far-reaching implications for engineering and construction.
A researcher at Georgia State University has received a grant to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a new small molecule in obesity-linked diabetic models. The study aims to assess the efficacy and mechanisms of this new molecule in improving pancreatic islet cell function and mitigating adiposity.
A new study found that neighborhoods with fewer opportunities are associated with a higher risk of preterm birth, particularly among Black and Hispanic infants. The study suggests that structural racism and discriminatory practices contribute to this racial gap in preterm birth outcomes.
A team of researchers at Pusan National University developed a pricing formula for perpetual American strangle options (PASOs) using a stochastic volatility model. The formula is accurate and provides a better understanding of the risks and returns associated with PASOs, especially in low-volatility environments.
A new monoclonal antibody drug has been developed to prevent infection with A. baumannii, a common cause of hospital-acquired infections. The treatment was shown to be effective in reducing bacterial load in mice, and could potentially become a powerful new weapon against antimicrobial resistance.
B.H. Baek at George Mason University conducts air quality monitoring and simulation analysis under the U.S. EPA's Office of Air Quality Policy and Standards. Funding from General Dynamics supports this project until December 2024.
Researchers at Mississippi State University have discovered a new parasitic wasp species that attacks and infects adult flies, revealing a 'spectacular example of undescribed biology hidden in plain sight'. The study highlights the importance of ongoing research investment in insect biodiversity and systematics.
A study by OHSU researchers found that generative AI models like ChatGPT outperform human students in knowledge assessments for a biomedical and health informatics course. The results raise concerns about cheating but also highlight the need to assess student learning beyond basic knowledge.
A recent study published in Health Data Science reveals a significant association between socioeconomic status (SES) inequality and the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Individuals with medium and low SES had a 10% and 22% increased risk of AMD, respectively, compared to high SES individuals.
CREME, a new AI-powered virtual laboratory, allows scientists to run thousands of virtual experiments with the click of a button to identify key regions of the genome. This breakthrough may lead to discovering new therapeutic targets and giving scientists access to cutting-edge technology without a real laboratory.
A study analyzing 200 'fitspiration' videos on TikTok found that most presented incorrect or harmful information, promoting idealised views of body types and triggering negative body image issues. The content often featured sexualisation, body shaming, and excessive dieting, with most influencers lacking credible health qualifications.
A pilot study by Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center found that therapy dog interactions increased self-reported positive mood nearly doubling among healthcare workers. The program improved work engagement and reduced emotional exhaustion, burnout, and stress among staff.
Patients with low-risk cancers undergoing active surveillance experience anxiety caused by uncertainty, a problem that persists even after diagnosis, leading to negative responses such as fear and avoidance of decision-making. Medical interventions are needed to address this anxiety and improve patient-centered care.
A systematic review of pharmacogenomics clinical decision support systems found that e-health tools can help integrate personalized medicine into everyday clinical practice. However, current implementation is limited, particularly in non-US healthcare systems.
Researchers found that consumers view interracial couples as warmer but also less warm than minority couples, producing mixed attitudes. The study suggests that marketers should consider individual differences in social dominance orientation when representing diversity in ads.
A new study from Mass General Brigham researchers found that large language models demonstrated no racial or gender discrimination in opioid treatment recommendations. The results suggest that these AI models have the potential to reduce bias and improve health equity in pain management, which is a critical area where disparities exist.
The new material resists cracking and avoids sudden failure, unlike conventional brittle cement-based counterparts. By manipulating the structure of the material itself, researchers achieve significant improvements in toughness without additional material.
The CABINET trial demonstrates that cabozantinib significantly improves median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with advanced pancreatic and extra-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The treatment also shows promise across all clinical subgroups, including primary tumor site and grade.
Researchers developed SINGULAR, a cell rejuvenation atlas that offers a comprehensive systems biology analysis of diverse rejuvenation strategies across multiple organs at single-cell resolution. The study identified master regulators and uncovered common targets across immune cells.
Research from Edith Cowan University highlights the need for accurate testing to prevent antibiotic allergies in children. Most suspected antibiotic allergies are inaccurate, with symptoms often caused by underlying illness. Testing once the child is well enough can help identify true allergies and ensure timely treatment.
A cross-sectional study of cardiovascular devices found that most recalled devices did not undergo clinical testing before authorization and were not required to undergo postmarket surveillance studies. The study highlights the need for more rigorous testing and monitoring of these devices to ensure patient safety.
A new AI-based system has been shown to reduce the risk of unexpected deaths in hospitalized patients by identifying those at high risk of deteriorating health. The system, CHARTWatch, uses real-time alerts and enhanced communication between nurses and physicians to support high-quality care.
A new automated malnutrition screening tool called AutoMal has been developed by Griffith University researchers to help detect malnutrition in Australian aged care homes. The tool uses BMI and weight change data to predict the likelihood of malnutrition, requiring fewer resources than existing methods and enabling regular reporting an...
Researchers found limited evidence to support antidepressant use in older adults for most pain conditions, highlighting the need for a multidimensional approach and non-pharmacological strategies. Antidepressants were associated with increased negative effects, such as falling and injury, compared to placebo groups.
The CheckMate 067 trial showed that combining nivolumab and ipilimumab improved outcomes for metastatic melanoma patients, with a median survival time over six years. Long-term follow-up found no new safety signals for the treatment, and metastatic melanoma survivors become increasingly likely to die of other causes as they age.
Two studies found breastfeeding after breast cancer diagnosis is safe and feasible for young patients with specific genetic variations, as well as hormone receptor-positive breast cancer survivors. A third study shows a telephone-based coaching program can significantly increase physical activity in overweight patients, potentially imp...
Scientists at USTC have discovered significant nonlinear Hall and wireless rectification effects at room temperature in elemental semiconductor tellurium. The observed NLHE is primarily driven by extrinsic scattering, with surface symmetry breaking of the thin flake structure playing a crucial role.
Researchers at NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine have developed a novel EV-based delivery platform that enhances the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy while reducing side effects. The approach uses modified nano-sized cell particles to carry immune-boosting molecules, leading to better therapeutic outcomes and lower drug doses.
A double-blind randomized phase 3 clinical trial found no additional benefits from high-dose vitamin D3 when added to standard chemotherapy for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. However, a potential benefit was observed for left-sided disease patients.
Researchers found that for most North Atlantic flights, the climate benefit of avoiding contrails outweighs the extra carbon dioxide emitted from flying a different route. Rerouting flights could reduce global warming by up to 29% in 2039 and 14% in 2119, depending on the method used to measure climate impact.
A new study found that consuming less ultra-processed foods can lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The study analyzed data from over 311,000 individuals and found that replacing 10% of ultra-processed foods with minimally processed or culinary ingredients reduced the risk by 14-18%.
A recent study reveals that tropical cyclones with a critical inner-core size are more likely to intensify rapidly. The researchers found that this nonlinear relationship is driven by the balance between angular momentum transport and horizontal diffusion.
Researchers developed an optical fiber for in-operando monitoring of stress evolution in NCM811 cathodes. The study found chemical and structural stresses contribute to crack formation, hindering cycle life. Ordered arrangement structures can relieve structural stress, leading to improved performance.
Expertise underscores early diagnosis and personalized interventions to enhance social skills and communication abilities. Advances in technology are poised to improve diagnostic accuracy and tailor interventions to individual needs.
A recent study reveals that hippocampal CA1 neurons integrate spatial and temporal information through a shared representation mechanism, facilitating episodic memory formation. This discovery provides essential insights into the neural basis of spatiotemporal context signals in episodic memory.
A recent study found that urban trees provide increased cooling benefits on hotter summer days, offering a promising solution to the growing urban heat island effect. However, research suggests that this benefit may be limited in extreme heat conditions, where trees' efficiency is reduced at high temperatures.
A study comparing fish species in the Mississippi and Yangtze Rivers found that feeding habits and habitat preferences were key influencers of species responses to environmental conditions. The research highlights the importance of considering these factors in developing effective management strategies for large riverine ecosystems.
A new algorithm has been developed to improve precipitation-type classification over the Tibetan Plateau using satellite radar data. The algorithm considers additional parameters to yield a more granular classification, reducing identification errors and providing more useful information for weather forecasting and modeling.
Researchers assessed the potential of two alternative methods in strengthening China's land carbon sink. Ozone control and litter removal showed significant gains in regional carbon sinks, with conservative forestation contributing up to 12 Pg C a^-1 by 2060. This can help limit temperature rise to below 2°C above preindustrial levels.
Researchers created a novel biomimetic potassium nanochannel that mimics the structure of biological KcsA channels, exhibiting high K+ permeation rates and selectivity ratios. The channel's selectivity filter features closely spaced carbonyl binding sites, allowing for precise ion coordination.
Researchers used AI to study emergence in complex systems, revealing that macroscopic dynamics can reveal consciousness and emergence. The NIS+ framework maximizes effective information to identify causal emergence, providing a new paradigm for research.
A Rutgers study finds that many autistic adults are aware of their feelings and can label them in vivid detail. Participants reported difficulty with 'affective contact' between autistic and nonautistic individuals due to misinterpretation. New therapy strategies focus on improving mutual understanding and embracing autistic perspectives.
A USTC study suggests that superionic iron hydride formed from slab-derived water is a crucial factor in ULVZ formation, explaining seismic anomalies at the CMB. The research reveals that this state of FeHx exhibits extremely low seismic velocities and a density matching those of ULVZs.
A new method of constructing 2D lateral p-n junctions using low-energy ion implantation has been developed, enabling precise modulation of 2D material conductivity and fabricating patterned doping. This technique demonstrates the universality of the method on various 2D semiconductors.