The study reveals that a gene called mTOR, which works like a GPS, directs the specialization of liver cells according to their position. After birth, the fluctuation in nutrient supply triggers the activation of this gene, completing the maturation of the liver.
A Stanford Medicine study found that metformin stimulates production of lac-phe, an anti-hunger molecule abundant after exercise, leading to moderate weight loss in mice and humans. Understanding how metformin works through this pathway may lead to new strategies for lowering body mass and improving health.
This study leverages attention mechanisms based deep learning models to improve spike detection in greenhouse cultivated grain crops. The Swin Transformer model demonstrates superior accuracy, while the FRCNN-A provides a faster training alternative.
Female Diadem butterflies have evolved colours and patterns that closely match those of toxic African Queens, making them appear toxic to predators. This convergent evolution allows the Diadems to avoid being eaten by birds and other predators.
Researchers mapped the evolution of urinary tract cancer cells using single-cell resolution, revealing stable molecular characteristics despite metastasis. The study provides new avenues for personalized treatment strategies and targeted therapies.
A KAIST-Seoul National University Hospital research team has developed a computational workflow that predicts metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with somatic mutations in cancers. The workflow uses genome-scale metabolic models and mutation data to identify altered metabolic pathways that contribute to cancer progression.
Conventional projection mapping systems work only in dark environments due to surrounding illumination. Researchers from Osaka University developed a method to control both image and illumination, allowing for realistic projections in bright environments. This technology enables interactive displays with multiple viewers under natural ...
Researchers at WashU make the case that a public health priority focusing on these conditions can enhance brain development, cognition, and social-emotional development. The study evaluated 232 infants and found that even those from adverse conditions can thrive with access to these basic supports.
People with dementia experience declines in social well-being as their disease progresses, while caregivers become isolated due to caregiving responsibilities. Experts recommend screening for loneliness and finding ways to keep individuals socially connected to improve quality of life and reduce health outcomes.
A team of Rice University researchers has developed an analytical model that can predict the curing time of platinum-catalyzed silicone elastomers as a function of temperature. The model could help reduce energy waste and improve throughput for elastomer-based components manufacturing, enabling more efficient soft robotics design.
A new pilot study explores the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence-supplemented Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Perfectionism (CBT-P) intervention for young people with anxiety and depression. The research suggests that AI tools could provide strong guidance through a therapy program, while parent support is also crucial in hel...
The study reveals that certain dyes can release more radicals than others, leading to increased energy efficiency and speed in photochemical reactions. By slowing down a reverse reaction, radicals are given more time to leave a solvent cage, resulting in up to ten times higher energy efficiency.
A new JAMA article highlights the need for improved decision making prior to initiating lecanemab, an FDA-approved Alzheimer’s Disease drug, due to its potential side effects on patients with cardiovascular disease. The authors advocate for advanced care planning and shared decision-making models to guide treatment decisions.
Recent advances in tissue engineering have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors (GFs) can significantly enhance the regeneration of rotator cuff tendon-to-bone insertion. However, a comprehensive overview is lacking to translate these findings into clinical practice.
A five-day course of inorganic nitrate significantly reduces contrast-induced nephropathy rates, improves three-month renal function, and lowers one-year major adverse cardiac events. The trial also shows improved kidney outcomes at three months compared to placebo.
A new study reveals that humans are losing cellulose-degrading bacteria in their gut microbiome due to a shift towards industrialized diets. The loss of these microbes, such as Ruminococcus, is linked to the decline of fiber-rich diets and may contribute to an imbalance in the gut microbiome.
A study led by Leopold Eckhart found that the genetic programme controlling keratinized claws originated in a common ancestor of humans and frogs. The research team used the tropical clawed frog as an experimental model and discovered that important hair components, including keratins, share similarities with human hair.
A new study reveals that glucose fluctuations affect cognitive function in people with Type 1 Diabetes, but individuals differ in their susceptibility. The researchers found that minimizing glucose fluctuations is crucial for optimizing processing speed, especially for older adults and those with certain health conditions.
An international team has gained insights into special states of matter through experiments at BER II, finding a spin-nematic phase formed under extreme magnetic fields. The results suggest a condensate of bosonic Cooper pairs, analogous to superconductivity.
Researchers found no significant differences in participants with AHIs and controls, except for increased self-reported fatigue, post-traumatic stress, and depression. Forty-one percent of AHI group members met criteria for functional neurological disorders or had significant somatic symptoms.
A recent study integrates domain knowledge into data-driven machine learning models for well logging reservoir parameter prediction. The model, PINN, uses petrophysics constraints to guide training and improve accuracy, especially in cases with small sample sizes.
A new study reveals that climate change alters the hidden microbial food web in peatlands, affecting carbon storage and potential releases. Rising temperatures dry out peatlands, causing protists to behave unexpectedly, leading to changes in feeding habits and CO2 emissions.
A neuroimaging study found no significant differences in brain structure or function between individuals reporting anomalous health incidents and matched control participants. The researchers aimed to investigate the neural basis of these incidents among US government personnel stationed internationally.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a method to break down lignin into small molecules similar to oxygenated hydrocarbons. This process could lead to the creation of renewable chemicals that replace traditional petroleum-based products.
A landmark study found that adolescents who grapple with the bigger meaning of social situations experience greater brain growth. This type of thinking predicts stronger identity development and life satisfaction years later. Brain networks involved in effortful thinking and internal reflection coordinate to predict psychosocial outcomes.
The US Department of Energy's Billion-Ton Report suggests that the country could produce over 1 billion tons of plant-based biomass per year for renewable fuels while meeting projected demands for food, feed, fiber, conventional forest products, and exports. This would triple the current bioeconomy capacity, enabling the production of ...
Researchers developed an improved method for G4 landscape determination, revealing that sequence property-specific constraints in the nuclear environment mitigate G4 formation. The technique, AbC G4-ChIP, captures G4s efficiently without bias, showing that depletion of a repeat-binding protein enhances net G4 capture at specific sites.
A study finds widespread childhood lead exposure in Chicago, with racial inequities detected in testing rates and exposure levels. Machine learning may aid in preliminary screening for lead exposure, while environmental racism remediation efforts need improved outreach and access to lead testing services.
A new multitasking substance has been identified to prevent and treat both flu and COVID-19 infections concurrently. The long-acting recombinant cytokine protein rhIL-7-hyFc demonstrated therapeutic and preventive effects against various respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus.
Research has identified common issues homeless women face when experiencing periods, including practical challenges and feelings of embarrassment. The study highlights the need to address menstrual health resource provision as a basic human right.
Scientists have developed a carbon-negative composite decking material that stores more CO2 than is required to manufacture it. The new material, which is less expensive and meets building codes, could offset up to 250,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually if replaced in the US market.
Research in Canada found that kids perceive sponsored sports as 'generous' and 'cool', increasing their desire to purchase unhealthy products. The study suggests regulatory actions are necessary to protect children from unhealthy food marketing.
A Northwestern University team developed a wireless, implantable temperature sensor to monitor inflammatory flareups in patients with Crohn's disease. This allows clinicians to act earlier to prevent permanent damage caused by inflammatory episodes.
Researchers summarize physiological functions of pituitary hormones in non-classical organs, revealing unconventional biological effects. This discovery provides new insights into pituitary hormone regulation and expands knowledge of their targets and functions.
A groundbreaking scientific drilling project has unearthed the world's longest geological record of the Cretaceous period, spanning over 50 million years. The project, led by Professor Wang Chengshan, has provided crucial insights into paleoclimate research and will continue to aid in predicting future climate trends.
Researchers at the University of Texas at Arlington have developed a method to determine the clinical potency of psilocybin and psilocin in Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms. This technique uses liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, allowing for accurate extraction and measurement of the strength of the mushrooms.
Researchers found that companies invest in relationships with alumni to tap into their unique mix of insider knowledge and outside-world information. This can lead to new business opportunities and improved brand image. Successful programs involve input from former workers and strategic outreach to maintain connections.
A new acceptable practice standard for hypofractionated post-prostatectomy radiotherapy has been established based on the NRG Oncology trial findings. The study showed that HYPORT was non-inferior to COPORT in terms of late GI or GU toxicity, with greater short-term GI toxicity associated with HYPORT but resolving at 6 months following...
The sequencing of the blue whale and Etruscan shrew genomes has provided significant insights into developmental biology, with the largest mammal showing a surprisingly slow developmental clock. The study also sheds light on metabolism, with the tiny shrew serving as a model for understanding high-energy demands.
A new water-soluble sacrificial layer 'super-tetragonal' Sr4Al2O7 is developed to prepare high-quality freestanding oxide membranes. The film enables coherent growth of ABO3/SAO epitaxial heterostructures, suppressing crack formation and enhancing crystallinity.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have discovered that myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) plays a critical role in regulating long-chain fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria, revealing new insights into its anti-apoptotic functions and potential therapeutic applications.
A new link has been discovered between FBXW7 mutations and EGFR signaling activity in colorectal cancer. The study found that the mutated form of the FBXW7 gene could no longer degrade the EGFR protein, leading to increased signaling activity and a decreased response to anti-EGFR treatment.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed an origami system that can create load-bearing structures like bridges and shelters. The system uses a uniform thickness approach to bolster weight-bearing capacity. With this breakthrough, communities can quickly rebuild facilities damaged by natural disasters or construct in ch...
A new study reveals that humans are losing important cellulose-degrading microbes in their gut microbiome, especially in industrial societies. The loss of these microbes is linked to a shift away from fiber-rich diets, which are essential for maintaining a balanced intestinal flora.
Researchers from UNIGE have developed an AI that can learn a task solely based on verbal instructions, then describe it to another AI, which reproduces the task. This breakthrough is promising for robotics and understanding human language.
A new study found that most Americans reject democratic norm violations and political violence, with only a small percentage supporting them. Researchers also discovered that there is no significant correlation between constituents' opinions and policymakers' actions on election denial.
Scientists create a multispectral platform using tunable optical cavities with vanadium dioxide, enabling fast response speed and reversible manipulation. The platform achieves broadband color-changing capacity in the visible region and drastic amplitude tunability in infrared to microwave regions.
Researchers have developed a novel method for controlling light polarization using liquid crystals, allowing for dynamic manipulation of holographic images. This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize various fields, including augmented reality, data storage, and encryption.
Research reveals that polyphenols interact with bitter taste receptors in the gut, promoting vasorelaxation, regulating blood pressure, and influencing hormone secretion. Bitter and astringent perception of polyphenols also affects HPA axis activation, improving mood and memory function.
A recent study found that urban hawks are vulnerable to a range of threats, including collisions with windows and direct killing by humans. The researchers used GPS transmitters to track the movements of 158 female Cooper's hawks in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and found that 88 died over the course of 11 years.
Researchers found that our brains analyze submolecular features when we smell, leading to changes in perception over time. This dynamic adaptation affects the way our brains represent smells, making them less consistent than previously thought.
Researchers developed a scoring system to distinguish between two serious skin diseases with similar symptoms. The study analyzed data from 117 patients and found the scoring system could help medical professionals quickly diagnose and choose appropriate treatment.
Researchers from SWPS University studied how participants adjusted their private moral judgments to conform with others' opinions in virtual environments. In two studies, they found that people conformed to group pressure in 43% and 30% cases when faced with avatars controlled by humans or AI, respectively.
A recent PNAS study finds that wind turbine visibility reduces home values by up to 8%, but this effect decreases with distance and age of turbines. The study's findings provide valuable insights for sustainable energy development and community-friendly projects.
The USC CIRM ASCEND Center will offer organoids, single-cell analysis, and spatial transcriptomics services to the California research community. The center aims to facilitate collaboration, technology transfer, and a competent workforce in personalized medicine.
A new composite glass material has been developed by combining a nacre-inspired structure with shear stiffening gel, exhibiting excellent thermal insulation and impact resistance. The material offers improved transparency, lightweight properties, and enhanced comprehensive performance compared to traditional bulk glass.
A study has unveiled that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stem cells speed up the healing process of skin wounds in diabetic mice. This approach restores autophagy, revitalizes skin cells, and accelerates wound closure. The application of ADSC-Exos represents a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic wound healing.
A research team led by UC Irvine has identified APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B enzymes as key players in driving cancer mutations. The study reveals that the two enzymes do not recognize the same DNA sequences, offering potential new targets for intervention strategies.
Astronomers have charted the largest-ever volume of the universe with a new map of active supermassive black holes, logging 1.3 million quasars in space and time. This map allows scientists to study dark matter and the universe's expansion by comparing distant quasars and their host galaxies.
Researchers from Chinese Academy of Sciences have synthesized bulk van der Waals materials at near-room temperature using a low-energy method. This breakthrough reduces the energy consumption required for fabrication by at least one order of magnitude.