Astronomers have made unprecedentedly detailed observations of an early galaxy merger using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The findings suggest that stars developed much faster and more efficiently than expected, contradicting current models of galaxy formation.
Researchers review microbial processes for sustainable lignin valorization, producing dicarboxylic acids, phenolic acids, and complex natural products. Engineered microbes enhance lignin transformation efficiency, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods.
Scientists monitored seedlings in North Borneo's natural and restored forests, finding low survival rates in logged areas. This suggests that different restoration approaches may have longer-term implications for forest recovery, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity.
eVTOL batteries require varying amounts of power for flight stages such as climbing, hovering and descent. Researchers developed new energy-dense materials and tested them against the current state-of-the-art version, showing improved performance.
The new lidar will measure temperature and neutrally charged iron in the upper atmosphere, supporting experiments at HAARP. It is expected to be operational later this year and will provide complementary measurements to existing lidars.
A new study found that over 11% of US 12th graders used delta-8-THC in the past year. The substance's widespread availability and lack of regulation pose significant risks to youth. Delta-8-THC use was highest in Southern and Midwestern states, where it is widely sold.
A recent study published in BMJ found that progesterone is more effective than a cervical pessary at reducing extreme preterm birth in women with a short cervix. Women with a cervix shorter than 25mm can benefit from progesterone treatment to prevent severe preterm birth.
A global rise in Legionnaires' disease since 2000 has puzzled experts. The study suggests that a decline in sulfur dioxide air pollution may be contributing to the increase, as airborne water droplets carrying Legionella bacteria become more acidic and inhospitable to the bacteria.
A new AI language model identifies clinical symptoms in medical summaries and links them to brain tissue, providing new insights into individual disease progression. The model contributes to a better understanding of common misdiagnoses of brain diseases and may assist in making more accurate diagnoses.
A systematic review and meta-analysis found a strong association between alcohol use disorder and suicide mortality across genders. The study highlights the importance of addressing alcohol use disorder as part of comprehensive suicide prevention strategies.
A Stanford Medicine-led study tracked the gut, mouth, nose and skin bacteria of 86 people for up to six years, revealing a unique microbiome in each individual. The researchers found that bacteria most particular to an individual were the most stable, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers from the University of South Australia discovered that eating faeces helps birds absorb lost or deficient nutrients and adjust to seasonal variations in food sources. This coprophagy enables them to adapt to new environments and is especially important for long-migratory birds.
Research on over 600,000 TB cases reveals 80% have no persistent cough, delaying diagnoses and transmission, with high infection rates among symptomless individuals. The study suggests rethinking current diagnostic practices for more effective TB identification.
The study found that earning a college degree still yields strong economic returns, with median rates of return ranging from 8% to 13%. The analysis considered various factors, including college majors and demographics. The findings suggest that selecting high-return majors is a sound financial decision.
Researchers are developing a new framework to integrate renewable energy sources with the power grid using machine learning. The goal is to ensure efficient and stable operations while maximizing wind and solar power usage.
Researchers designed and synthesized raloxifene analogues, exhibiting dual-emission properties with blue fluorescence and orange phosphorescence. The crystals' RTP behavior is influenced by packing modes, allowing for multilevel stimuli-responsiveness to mechanical force, solvent vapor, and heat.
Ben-Gurion University scientists propose a unified theory that explains sand ripples on Mars and Earth, suggesting common causes despite different planetary environments. The research was conducted using wind tunnel experiments and reveals the possibility of similar patterns on Earth.
A team of scientists has discovered over 1,000 new plant and lichen species in Agguttinni Territorial Park, including rare species found nowhere else in Canada. The comprehensive checklist provides valuable information for park managers and botanists, aiding in the conservation and management of the protected area.
Researchers found up to 80% of aerosol particles emitted during light braking are electrically charged, which could be exploited to reduce air pollution from vehicles. The study's findings highlight a previously overlooked environmental justice issue in high-traffic areas.
A new study led by Worcester Polytechnic Institute aims to determine whether AI can help doctors predict which patients will benefit from mindfulness-based stress reduction in managing chronic lower back pain. The research uses machine learning and physiological data from fitness sensors to detect patterns that may not be apparent to d...
Researchers successfully implemented pooled saliva testing to detect congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection in newborns, achieving an empirical efficiency of 6 and reducing required tests by 83%. The study highlights the significance of early detection through this method, particularly for asymptomatic cases.
A team of UCF researchers has received a $1.5 million grant from the US Department of Energy to develop a novel metallization process for solar cells. The goal is to increase efficiency and lower production costs, making solar energy more accessible.
A study identifies a genetic mutation underlying KCNQ2 encephalopathy, a rare and devastating form of epilepsy. The research reveals key mechanisms by which the disorder manifests in patients, including suppression of normal gene function and altered protein distribution.
A new study finds that canals draining Southeast Asia's threatened peatlands release up to 35% of the organic carbon dissolved into these canals as carbon dioxide. This suggests that canal systems are a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, potentially surpassing previously estimated amounts from dried-out peat soils.
A new study by Penn State researchers reveals that Arctic sea ice loss will deplete the source of cold air for North America, leading to less cold weather events. The loss of sea ice also changes weather patterns, allowing warmer temperatures to reach the surface.
A new study published in CANCER reveals that individuals with worsening metabolic syndrome are at a higher risk of developing various types of cancer. The study followed 44,115 adults in China and found that those with an elevated-increasing pattern of metabolic syndrome scores had a significantly higher risk of developing multiple typ...
A novel AI-based and non-invasive diagnostic tool, DISCERN, enables accurate brain tumor diagnosis with high accuracy, surpassing conventional methods. The tool leverages deep learning to identify behavioral patterns on imaging specific to each tumor.
Researchers developed a bifunctional catalyst that can selectively oxidize toxic CEES to safer sulfoxide and degrade phenolic compounds under visible light. The catalyst shows excellent performances, stability, and recyclability, providing important guidance for water decontamination.
Researchers investigated the molecular mechanism of serum iron overload-induced BMP/SMAD pathway and hepcidin expression. SMURF1, a master regulatory function, mediates Holo-Tf-induced SMAD1/5 activation and hepcidin expression. The inhibition of SMURF1 may represent a therapeutic strategy for iron overload-related diseases.
A Stanford University study finds that increased humidity can create anti-viral compounds in air microdroplets, potentially reducing the spread of airborne viruses. The researchers recommend maintaining relative humidity levels between 40-60% to achieve this effect.
Scientists have successfully developed a new structure family of oxide proton conductors as an alternative solid oxide fuel cell operated at low temperature. They achieved remarkable proton conductivity of 0.158 S cm−1 at 500°C by surficially transporting protons along oxide-ion conductor GDC particles.
A study found over 40% of loggerhead sea turtles in the Mediterranean contained macroplastics, including a Halloween toy. Researchers say these turtles could be used as 'bioindicator' species to understand the impact of plastic pollution.
Researchers at OIST found that anemonefish can identify specific lineages of giant sea anemones, revealing two cryptic species within the bubble-tip sea anemone. The study provides new insights into marine biodiversity and highlights the remarkable abilities of these fish in distinguishing between different sea anemone groups.
Researchers from Shinshu University have identified Inaoside A, a new antioxidant phenolic compound derived from the edible mushroom Laetiporus cremeiporus. The compound exhibited significant antioxidant activity, including 80% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging and an IC50 value of 79.9 μM.
A study published by the American College of Surgeons found that permitless open carry laws in states without such restrictions had a significantly higher rate of firearm-related deaths and total suicides. The researchers suggested that the ease of access to firearms under these laws may be responsible for the increase in suicide rates.
A recent study found that newer monovalent COVID vaccines generated higher levels of antibodies against a range of Omicron variants, including the XBB and BQ.1.1 strains. The researchers also discovered that these vaccines increased mucosal antibody production, but not neutralizing antibody levels in the nasal cavity.
A new UCLA Health study found that women and individuals who don't fit traditional norms in the emergency room environment are underrepresented due to the challenging cultural dynamics. Most medical students who pursued emergency medicine despite this hurdle indicated they needed mentorship, representation, and exposure to the specialty.
Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology have devised a technique for mass-producing large-area metalenses tailored for use in the ultraviolet region. The breakthrough enables control over optical properties of UV rays, sparking interest in potential advancements for medical devices and wearable technology.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal study finds that financial distress affects up to 33% of cancer patients in Canada, causing direct, indirect, and emotional costs. The authors suggest supporting home care, improved benefit plans, and pharmacare to alleviate the financial burden on patients and their families.
Researchers from Tohoku University developed a unique chemical reaction to attach two distinct functional molecules to the N-terminus of peptides with a glycine amino acid, achieving site-selective modification and stable carbon-carbon bonds. The method shows potential for labeling diverse peptides and larger proteins for purification,...
Researchers developed an AI framework that combines dimension reduction techniques with a new clustering algorithm to quickly identify groups of viral genomes at risk. This enables proactive response measures like tailored vaccine development, potentially eliminating emerging variants before they spread.
Scientists discovered a shift in gene regulation by enhancers during embryonic development, showing both 'instructive' and 'permissive' modes of regulation. The study found that developmental stage determines which mode is dominant, allowing for rapid gene expression changes and tissue-specific control systems.
Researchers developed a machine-learning model to assess prostate cancer biopsy samples, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. The new model, nnU-Net, provides accurate 3D segmentation of glandular tissue structures, leading to better prognostic analyses and potential improvements in patient outcomes.
A 20-year analysis found that calcium and vitamin D supplements reduced cancer mortality by 7%, but increased cardiovascular disease mortality by 6% in postmenopausal women. The study suggested that cancer incidence depends on pre-supplementation status, while CVD mortality is higher among supplement users.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory have developed a nanocryotron, a prototype for an on-off switch that can amplify weak electrical signals from tiny particles in collider experiments. The device could help facilitate the operation of new particle colliders and improve the accuracy of observations.
Despite Trump's attacks on scientific experts, Americans' basic confidence in science and scientific expertise remained unshaken. The proportion of adults with a low level of trust in scientific expertise increased from 3% to 13%, while the proportion with a high level of trust rose from 23% to 58%.
A new study published in The Plant Cell has identified a genetic element controlling cold-induced sweetening (CIS) in potatoes. CIS is a major production problem for the potato processing industry, causing undesirable dark brown-black color when potatoes are fried.
A study of 15,000 preterm infants reveals racial disparities in care treatment, with Black and Hispanic infants receiving less intensive care. The findings highlight the need to address social determinants of health and improve healthcare access for all infants.
Physicists develop new method to efficiently determine all possible first-passage times and their probabilities, capturing randomness of both walker and environment. This approach builds on existing ideas and could improve predictive analyses in fields such as biology, migration systems, and financial markets.
Increased frequency and intensity of western disturbances, fueled by Tibetan Plateau warming, threaten India's water supplies. The loss of winter snowpack and late-season storms exacerbate the risk of catastrophic flooding.
A team of researchers from the University of Michigan has identified the GluK2 protein as a key player in cold sensing, which could help unravel why some patients experience painful reactions to cold. The discovery may also offer new paths to treating pain in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
A recent study highlights the importance of considering lamb's nutritional value when comparing its carbon footprint. The research found that lambs finished on grass diets had a lower carbon footprint per unit of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content, making them a more sustainable option.
A BIDMC-led trial found that patients treated with a paclitaxel-coated balloon experienced lower rates of in-stent restenosis compared to those with an uncoated balloon. The study showed that drug-coated balloons offer an effective treatment strategy for managing coronary disease.
The study reveals a vast array of secondary bile acids produced by microbes in the gut, expanding our understanding of their functions and impact on human health. These molecules play important roles in digestion, immune system regulation, and metabolic processes, offering new insights into diseases related to bile acids.
Researchers from Tokyo University of Science developed a flexible paper-based sensor that operates like the human brain, enabling low-power and efficient health monitoring. The device can distinguish 4-bit input optical pulses and generate currents in response to time-series optical input, with rapid response times.
A new study found that female entrepreneurs who receive guidance from female mentors experience significant improvements in performance, including a 32% sales increase. The study suggests that female-to-female mentorship dynamics yield more positive and supportive engagement, leading to better outcomes for female entrepreneurs.
Researchers developed a new catalyst that enhances the conversion of ethanol to butadiene with high selectivity and yield. The catalyst's bifunctional sites improve the synergistic effect between Co and Y species, leading to better performance.
Researchers used density functional theory to identify possible europium compounds as a new quantum memory platform. They synthesized one of the predicted compounds, Cs2NaEuF6, which is an air-stable material that could be used in scalable quantum computing.
A new study from Stockholm University found that pesticide linuron causes significant physiological impacts in frogs, including changes in DNA, growth, metabolism, and reproductive systems. The research highlights the profound transgenerational consequences of environmental pollution on amphibian populations.
A study published in JAMA found that three months of social worker follow-up support improved HIV clinic attendance and antiretroviral therapy initiation, but did not reduce mortality after one year. The intervention, known as Daraja, was highly effective at addressing barriers to care such as stigma and lack of social support.