A large observational study found associations between cannabis use and brain structure and function changes in later life. However, genetic analysis using Mendelian randomization suggests that these associations may not be causal, with possible explanations including unmeasured variables or differences in statistical power.
The Prevention Research Center of Michigan is expanding community-academic partnerships to tackle vacant lots and create safer neighborhoods. The project aims to reduce crime, boost social capital, and increase physical activity opportunities for African American and Latino adults in Flint.
Researchers found that glycans attached to glycosylation enzymes' lectin domains inhibit the enzymes' activity, leading to self-regulation of their own biosynthesis. This unique mechanism sheds light on how glycosylation enzymes choose their substrate proteins in cells.
Researchers developed a new biocompatible sensor substrate using Ag nanoislands protected with column-structured silica, increasing fluorescence and Raman signals by 10 million times. The technique enables non-invasive monitoring of biological processes without disrupting cell function or causing damage.
A study published in the British Journal of Anaesthesia found that using a single syringe pump for induction and maintenance of anesthesia reduces propofol waste by 30-50%. This eco-friendly approach can also save hospitals money by reducing the number of propofol vials needed. The researchers analyzed data from over 300 surgeries and ...
Brachycephalus dacnis is the seventh species of flea toad identified in the genus Brachycephalus. The study published by a group at the State University of Campinas provides detailed information about its anatomy, skeleton, and internal organs.
Researchers investigated the molecular mechanism of Fuzi's cardioprotective effects on heart failure. Fuzi water decoction and alkaloids were found to regulate apoptosis, proliferation, and anti-fibrosis in heart failure models, with ABC transporters potentially being a key pathway for their action.
Researchers developed a new surveillance technique to track COVID-19 diversity using genomic data, predicting variant emergence with high accuracy. The software can forewarn public health officials of impending outbreaks, enabling timely responses and more effective disease monitoring.
Researchers propose a comprehensive biomarker-based approach to assess cardiovascular risk by combining markers of chronic inflammation with cardiac health indicators. This approach reveals the significant impact of aging-related inflammation, or 'inflammaging,' on heart health and opens new avenues for targeted interventions.
Researchers at the University of Ottawa have created a new type of contrast agent using gold nanoparticles to improve doctors' ability to diagnose heart conditions. The new agent, AuSC@(13FS)2, showed strong binding to P-selectin and improved IV-OCT imaging in rats with inflamed blood vessels.
A team of researchers from Northwestern University has developed a novel machine-learning approach to accurately predict pneumonia outcomes by analyzing electronic health records. The study identifies five distinct clinical states in pneumonia, three of which are strongly associated with disease outcomes and two that can help physician...
Researchers developed a new imaging analysis technique combining biomarkers and tumor architecture to create a 'fingerprint' for each patient, enabling precise prognosis and treatment response. The method identified two previously undetected groups of patients, with exceptional good or bad prognoses.
A new study by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health found that more than half of European heat-related deaths in summer 2022 were related to human-induced climate change. The research showed a higher number of heat-related deaths attributed to climate change among women and people aged 80 and over.
A team of researchers has unveiled a spectacular new fossil arthropod named Lomankus edgecombei, preserved entirely in fool's gold. The specimen belongs to a group called megacheirans, which were thought to be extinct during the Ordovician Period.
A new open-access database, LitChemPlast, has compiled over 3,500 substances measured in plastic products across 47,000 samples. The study highlights substantial knowledge gaps, including contamination of recycled plastics with hazardous substances and limited regional coverage in low- and middle-income countries.
Scientists used photon-counting CT scanner to track changes in protein expression and cartilage degradation in animal model. The approach revealed evidence of osteoarthritis long before clinical symptoms develop, offering potential for early diagnosis and monitoring.
Researchers analyzed data from air quality monitoring stations in Spain and Portugal to reconstruct PM10 concentrations during extreme dust events. The study found that concentrations reached up to 5000 micrograms per cubic meter in the Canary Islands and exceeded EU standards.
A new method, MLP-Mixer and Mixture of Expert model, predicts lithium-ion battery lifespan with high accuracy by handling varying contributions of different time steps. The proposed model outperforms existing methods on NASA and CALCE public datasets, providing reliable RUL predictions.
Researchers found that using a multi-step strategy with less-invasive devices can identify patients with Barrett's oesophagus before an endoscopy. This approach is promising for cost-effective screening, which could lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of oesophageal cancer.
Researchers used a classical computer and mathematical models to outperform a quantum computer on a task involving a two-dimensional quantum system of flipping magnets. The system displayed a behavior known as confinement, which had previously been seen only in one-dimensional systems.
The PROTECTED trial found no significant impact of cerebral embolic protection on periprocedural stroke risk, but suggests a trend towards greater stroke reduction in US cohorts compared to outside the US
Researchers identified six novel genes associated with a significant increase in cancer risk, including BIK for prostate cancer, ATG12 for colorectal cancer, and CMTR2 for lung and melanoma. Loss of AURKB was found to protect against any cancer type, while loss of PPP1R15A was linked to a 53% lower risk of breast cancer.
A large multicentre cohort study has identified a specific gene linked to human pain and found that low insulin levels, depression, and alcohol use disorder are causally linked to neuropathic pain in people with diabetes. This research may lead to the development of new treatments for this devastating condition.
Researchers at UCLA developed a new type of imaging technology that forms images in only one direction, enabling efficient and compact methods for asymmetric visual information processing and communication. The technology works exceptionally well under partially coherent light, achieving high-quality imaging with high power efficiency.
Researchers at Osaka Metropolitan University have discovered a key protein involved in transporting boron into plant cells. The protein complex, containing KNS3 and its homologs, facilitates the movement of boric acid channels from endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane.
Researchers discovered a new type of jeilongvirus in a Florida mouse, which can infect humans and non-human primates, posing a risk of serious illness. The virus is genetically distinct from others and can cause disease in various species.
The new guidelines aim to unify the diagnosis and management of children and adults with Still's disease, previously separated by age. The recommendations emphasize shared decision-making between patients and treating teams, and prioritize achieving drug-free remission through treat-to-target strategies.
Research in Physics of Fluids reveals that smokers seated farther from ventilation inlets experience lower levels of pollution. Body heat causes more absorption of cigarette pollution, suggesting empty spaces are the best to choose.
Researchers have developed a new field called stochastic thermodynamics, which provides tools to investigate and quantify the energetics of computational systems far from thermal equilibrium. This can help minimize heat losses and optimize energy efficiency in computing.
Research finds that sustained engagement in regular physical activity before and after a dementia diagnosis is associated with the greatest reduction in risk of death, regardless of dementia type. Maintaining an exercise routine or starting new activities also reduces mortality risk, with higher levels associated with greater reductions.
A new study published in npj Complexity found that the 2020 U.S. election drew online hate communities closer together, inciting new hate content around immigration, ethnicity, and antisemitism. The research team developed an 'online telescope' to map the online hate universe at unprecedented scale and resolution.
A new study reveals that Britain's earliest brass bands were founded by military musicians in the 1810s, contradicting the long-held assumption that they emerged with industrial communities. The research, published in The Historical Journal, shows that regimental bands first experimented with all-brass formats after the Napoleonic Wars.
Researchers identified three long noncoding RNAs associated with worse outcomes in colorectal cancer patients, potentially serving as prognostic markers. The study's findings could enable doctors to separate high-risk patients from those at low risk of disease recurrence, leading to more effective treatment strategies.
A new study from Chalmers University of Technology presents a technology that can destroy bacteria on implants using gold nanorods and near-infrared light. The method heats up the gold rods, killing bacteria without damaging surrounding tissue.
Researchers from Universitatsklinikum Bonn found that tiny eye movements and photoreceptor density in the fovea contribute to sharp vision. The study used high-resolution imaging and micro-psychophysics to demonstrate how finely tuned eye movements provide optimal sampling by cones, leading to better visual acuity.
Researchers used x-ray microtomography to discover and describe 12 new weevil species from Japan, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Taiwan. The technique revealed significant morphological differences between species, which cannot be easily observed using other methods.
Research identifies three clinical subtypes of schizophrenia, differing between subjective and objective social cognitive difficulties, providing a guide for targeted interventions. The study aims to improve individualized treatment approaches for patients with schizophrenia.
A study found that people's choices between safe and risky options are influenced by their perception of an observer's opinion. After initial biases, participants learned to correctly predict their partners' choices and adjusted their behavior accordingly.
A study by Osaka University reveals that Japanese consumers value transparency in AI assistants, compromising on performance for greater clarity. Environmental sustainability is also a consideration, but remains secondary to cost and performance.
Researchers analyzed Twitter posts and Google searches from 2016-2020 to identify seasonal allergy patterns across the US. They found a strong national pulse of allergy symptoms in March-May, with significant regional variations.
A new study suggests that boosting T-regulatory cells may improve the chance of healthy pregnancy and reduce miscarriage risk. Researchers found that treatment with interleukin-2 and antibodies targeting these cells improved pregnancy outcomes in mice, reducing miscarriage rates from 30% to 11%.
Approximately half of Russian adults back the Ukraine war due to loyalty to Putin and his government. The study suggests that misinformation plays a significant role in shaping public opinion on the conflict.
Researchers investigate universe expansion, Big Bang, black holes, and dark energy using a time-reversal model. They propose an explanation for the Big Bang and explore interior structure of black holes.
Researchers have developed a laboratory system that can precisely control and study cell division mechanisms in real-time. By manipulating the phosphorylation state of the protein PRC1, they discovered that large-scale transitions in cytoskeleton organization can be induced in just a few minutes.
A recent study found that over 90% of Mexican consumers would be willing to pay a premium of up to 73% for non-genetically modified products, including chicken, eggs, and tortillas. The ban on genetically modified corn could have significant impacts on US farmers who rely heavily on Mexico as their second-largest importer.
Researchers designed a multipass cell with dense spot patterns to enhance laser absorption spectroscopy gas sensors. The new design achieved high sensitivity and selectivity, enabling the detection of methane at low levels.
This study explores the radioprotective effects of Licochalcone B on radiation-induced cell damage and mortality in mice. Lico B significantly improves antioxidant levels, reduces DNA damage, and lowers inflammatory factors.
Researchers identify two robust social norms that protect cooperative behavior from defector invasions and reputation costs. These norms shield justified defection, allowing cooperation to persist, while others negatively evaluate unjustified cooperation, excluding free-riders.
A Dartmouth study has quantified the global economic fallout of El Niño, finding it costs the economy $4.1 trillion and $5.7 trillion in the half-decade after each event. The study's findings are included in the 10 New Insights in Climate Science report ahead of COP29.
A new noninvasive test using a device called the Cytophone can detect malaria without taking a single drop of blood, showing 90% sensitivity and 69% specificity in tests with adult patients diagnosed with symptomatic malaria. The technology has potential to improve detection of malaria cases and help initiate treatment.
Fossil hunters have identified a new species of ancient bug, Lomankus edgecombei, which spent 450 million years covered in pyrite, or fool's gold. The discovery sheds light on the evolution of life in oceans during this period and indicates that Megacheirans continued to evolve longer than previously thought.
A new study published in the journal Aging & Mental Health found that people with more positive expectations of aging tend to report less frequent cognitive problems and are less likely to perceive a decline in their cognitive performance over time. Researchers suggest that modifying older adults' aging expectations could support healt...
Researchers confirm beehive fences as highly effective in reducing human-elephant conflict, deterring 76-86.3% of elephants from raiding crops during peak seasons. However, ongoing habitat degradation and droughts may compromise the long-term effectiveness of this nature-based solution.
Scientists used acoustic mapping technique to track vulnerable capelin species and observe massive predation event involving Atlantic cod. The study revealed that as climate change causes Arctic ice sheet to retreat, capelin will be more stressed and vulnerable to natural predation events.
A study led by CU researchers reveals that bedside interdisciplinary rounds build trust between patients and healthcare providers and within teams, leading to improved care experiences. Patients reported positive feelings about being involved in their care plans, while healthcare professionals reported respect and trust among colleagues.
Florida Atlantic University's Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center is establishing a blue energy hub to develop and test ocean current energy technologies. The project aims to improve the nation's competitiveness in marine energy technology and create jobs.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed tough biodegradable plastics with movable cyclodextrin crosslinks, which improve both durability and degradation capabilities. The new polymers can be broken down by enzymes into useful precursor molecules, reducing waste generation.
Researchers found that human histones have antimicrobial activity against bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, reducing bacterial mass by up to 70% and survival time in infected larvae by 50%. The study suggests using histones or parts of these proteins as a promising alternative to combat acute and chronic infections.
Researchers analyzed correlations between fruit fly and human data to identify key metabolites impacting lifespan. Threonine was found to extend lifespan in flies and show promise as a therapeutic target for aging interventions.
Emerging technology allows long-term storage of human organs, addressing severe time constraints that limit organ viability. New governance and legal rules are needed to guide this application, including oversight from the FDA and ethics guidance on organ storage.