Edward Oughton is gathering perishable operational decision data from critical infrastructure operators to model space weather hazards. The project aims to improve future scientists' and engineers' understanding of space weather hazards, supported by $84,999 in National Science Foundation funding.
A recent study found that Alaska's universal cash transfer program had a minimal impact on birthweight but significant benefits for birthing people and families, including reduced financial stress. The research suggests that timing of cash resources can play a crucial role in supporting maternal and newborn health.
A panel of experts recommends 36 nutrition competencies for US medical students and physician trainees to improve patient health outcomes and address diet-related diseases. The proposed competencies cover six categories, including foundational knowledge, assessment and diagnosis, and collaborative support.
Researchers developed two new AI-powered smartphone apps to spot depression warnings in pupils' dilation, unconscious facial expressions, and head movements. The systems showed 76% accuracy in detecting depressed states, outperforming existing smartphone-based detection platforms.
A new Kaiser Permanente study found that integrating suicide care into routine primary care visits reduced the rate of suicide attempts by 25% within 90 days. The integrated care model also led to a significant increase in safety planning and assessments for depression, alcohol, and drug use.
A study by FAMU-FSU College of Engineering researcher Nasrin Alamdari found that the shape, size, and density of microplastics affect their sinking speed, impacting urban stormwater transport. The research suggests solutions like permeable pavements and green spaces can trap microplastics, reducing pollution.
A new study warns that continued investment in carbon-intensive industries could lead to $557 trillion of stranded assets by 2050. Researchers urge policymakers to transform educational and financial systems to create new opportunities, rather than delaying the transition.
A new study found that hypofractionation does not increase complications for patients with breast cancer who undergo mastectomy and plan breast reconstruction. The trial enrolled 898 patients and showed that reducing treatment time by nearly half is safe and effective, saving patients time and money.
Researchers found that low Wnt signaling levels regulate NPC self-renewal, while higher levels initiate differentiation into mature kidney cell types. The studies also reveal the role of beta-catenin in aggregating NPCs to form early kidney structures.
A new study found that the IOTA ADNEX ultrasound model can detect up to 96% of ovarian cancers in postmenopausal women, outperforming the current standard test. The research team recommends replacing the risk of malignancy (RMI1) test with the IOTA ADNEX model.
Rice engineers developed a new synthesis strategy for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that can be used to trap gases, filter water and speed up chemical reactions. The approach enables faster production of COFs with superior crystallinity and high efficiency in breaking down harmful chemicals.
Researchers found that single-housed adult fish exhibited a longer egg-laying period and slower aging process compared to group-housed counterparts. The study suggests that early-life social environment may influence life-long attributes beyond the typical relationship between growth rate and lifespan.
A research team has developed a simplified synthesis method for organic fluorophores using formaldehyde, reducing molecular size and increasing atomic efficiency. The new technique can also be applied to in vivo environments, showing promise for life sciences research and diagnostics applications.
Researchers developed a method combining AI and thermal cameras to enhance weightlifting training, providing data-driven insights for targeted strategies. The approach enables real-time tracking of muscle activation, strain detection, and temperature changes, ultimately helping athletes optimize performance and safety.
A survey of 4,426 LGBTQ+ adults in the USA found that those who underwent conversion practice experience poor mental health, including depression, PTSD, and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Transgender participants reported greater mental health symptoms overall.
Research from a global study co-led by University of Galway found that frequent drinking of fizzy drinks or fruit juice increases the risk of stroke. Drinking more than four cups of coffee per day also raises this risk. The study advises avoiding or minimizing fizzy and fruit drinks, and switching to water instead.
Amy Vandiver receives the award to conduct aging-related Omics research at UCLA. Her project focuses on novel metrics of aging in RNA-sequencing data.
A new study from Uppsala University found that nearly 40% of the public support rationing of goods like meat and fuel to reduce their climate impact. The study, which surveyed over 9,000 people in five countries, also showed that acceptability of rationing is on par with taxes for emissions-intensive food.
A new study reveals thaumatin, a widely used natural sweetener, produces bitter peptides that stimulate acid secretion and influence inflammatory reactions in human stomach cells. The peptides also show anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory interleukin 17A release via the TAS2R16 bitter taste receptor.
A study of over 700 US counties found a link between childhood leukemia and radon gas levels, including those below the EPA's recommended mitigation threshold. Radon exposure increases the likelihood of leukemia in both boys and girls, according to the research.
A survey found that spiritual beliefs and distrust of clinical research contribute to Black patients' hesitation to enroll in cancer trials. Despite trusting their medical teams, some patients express concerns about the purpose of research and its potential impact on their health and community.
A new study by the University of Exeter finds that undecided voters are 10 points less likely to vote than those with a clear preference. The study suggests that voter turnout improves when people have a partisan identity and pay greater attention to politics.
Cities with high-performing streetcar systems prioritize transporting people to desired locations, while those that focus on economic development often experience poor performance. The study highlights the importance of focusing on passenger attraction and coordinated fare policies for successful streetcar systems.
A team of engineers and scientists from Caltech has developed a headset-based device that can noninvasively assess a patient's stroke risk by monitoring changes in blood flow and volume. The device uses speckle contrast optical spectroscopy to differentiate between individuals at low and high risk of stroke.
Researchers discovered that epigenetic changes in macrophages after SARS-CoV-2 infection enabled them to mount a better defense against influenza A virus. This innate immune memory can provide protection against future infections and may enable the development of new therapeutic strategies.
The American Academy of Pediatrics has published its first clinical guideline for pediatricians on prescribing opioids, emphasizing the importance of safe use in treating acute pain. The guideline recommends routine prescription of naloxone alongside every opioid prescription to reverse overdoses.
Researchers developed a method to reconstruct hyperspectral images from standard RGB images using deep machine learning. The technique achieved over 70% accuracy in predicting soluble solid content and 88% accuracy in dry matter content in sweet potatoes, with potential applications for the agricultural industry.
A study found that female physicians are underrepresented in high-compensation specialties compared to non-high-compensation specialties. High-compensation surgical specialties experienced a steady increase in female applicants and matriculants over time.
Researchers found that combining APOE4 and TREM2 variants triggers inflammatory response in female brains, damaging brain regions involved in thinking and memory. This study emphasizes the need for tailored approaches to treat Alzheimer's disease differently in men and women.
Scientists have created a method for imaging common plant infections without killing the plant, allowing for real-time tracking of disease development. This technique provides insights into how plants respond to pathogens, aiding in the cultivation of crops with broader resistance to various diseases.
A multi-center phase III trial found photon- and proton-based radiation therapies to be similarly safe and effective in treating low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Patients treated with either IMRT or proton therapy reported no significant differences in quality of life, tumor control, or progression-free survival.
David Stanley's research uses a mixed integer linear program solver to optimize satellite pointing angles for efficient cloud imaging. The study simulates multiple satellites and clouds to understand convection transport effects on regrowth of new clouds, with potential implications for greenhouse gas emissions.
A randomized controlled trial found that time-restricted eating (TRE) led to greater improvements in glucose control, weight loss, and fat reduction compared to standard nutrition counseling in adults with metabolic syndrome. TRE resulted in a lower risk of muscle mass loss during weight loss.
A recent study by Rice University researchers found that indigenous farm workers experience more physical pain on the job than undocumented workers. The authors suggest that cumulative disadvantage, including language barriers and discrimination, may contribute to this disparity.
Researchers from Australian National University discovered that the Hunga Tonga eruption was triggered by an explosion as big as five underground nuclear bombs. The event caused massive tsunamis that reached up to 45 metres high at nearby islands.
Researchers have uncovered a shared genetic basis for bipolar disorder type I and epilepsy, identifying 1,300 genetic variants influencing both conditions. The study suggests that mood stabilizers may be effective in treating both illnesses, and could lead to personalized medicine approaches.
The ADA Forsyth Institute has received a $6.2 million grant from the NIH to design an AI-driven amalgam replacement for dental restoratives. The new material will feature self-healing and antimicrobial properties, responding to biological signals in each individual patient's mouth.
Researchers identified distinct global patterns in human sewage microbiomes, with species richness increasing at higher latitudes. Economic factors, such as export values and social security, play a key role in shaping microbial diversity, with developed regions exhibiting more uniform communities.
Bifocal lenses with adjustable focal intensities are created by applying external voltage to bilayer liquid crystal structures. The new design enables polarization imaging and edge imaging, highlighting the outlines of objects with fine details.
Researchers found that the presence of Oecophylla ants at base of mountains drives insect-eating bird diversity to mid-elevations. At lower elevations, bird groups competing with ants reduce in diversity.
A study reveals that shrinking Japanese cities are often medium-sized or small, and that urban policies should be tailored to their specific needs. The research found correlations between population changes and social, economic, and urban-planning factors in cities of varying sizes.
Two lunar magnetic anomalies, Mare Tranquillitatis and Reiner Gamma, attributed to magnetized magma intrusions. The depth to the bottom of magnetic carriers varies at approximately 50 km under Mare Tranquillitatis and 30 km under Reiner Gamma.
A recent study published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity suggests that extending overnight fasts and eating an early breakfast may be associated with a lower body mass index. The research, led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, involved over 7,000 volunteers who answered questionnai...
A human rights-based approach to coral reef protection could ensure governments are held accountable for safeguarding marine ecosystems. An estimated one billion people rely on healthy coral reefs globally for food security and income, highlighting the catastrophic impact of their loss on human health and economic wellbeing.
A randomized trial halted after patients in the control arm reached a record high two-year progression-free survival rate of 98%. Deintensified treatments involving lower radiation dose and immunotherapy did not perform as well as standard chemoradiation.
A new study reveals the flood insurance program's effects differ greatly among communities, with higher-population and wealthier areas benefiting more from discounts on premiums. Lower-income communities also see benefits, but only in areas with less racial and ethnic diversity, realizing a gain of about $6,000 per household.
The study found that progress in reducing excess mortality among Black individuals was stalled by an increase in mortality from external causes. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers still pose significant health risks to the US Black population.
Two Penn State researchers propose an alternative theory: the moon was captured in a binary-exchange capture, where Earth's gravity snagged one of two objects, resulting in its current orbit. This new possibility opens up new questions and opportunities for further study.
Scientists at Brain Chemistry Labs discovered a promising compound called kalata B1 from violets that enhances the activity of chemotherapy TMZ against glioblastoma cells. The synthetic version of kalata B1 showed equal efficacy to the natural molecule, offering a potential new treatment option for patients.
Researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital found that older adults who sustained a traumatic injury were more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias if they experienced falls. The study suggests that completing cognitive screenings in older patients after a fall could help detect dementia sooner.
Researchers found that natural immunity from previous flu infections enhances vaccine efficacy, leading to stronger and broader antibody responses. This could benefit individuals who contract the flu each year, potentially improving protection against future strains.
A new study finds that persons with HIV diagnosed in redlined neighborhoods experience a significantly longer time to viral suppression. Systemic racism's enduring effects on present-day health outcomes among persons with HIV have been confirmed by the research.
Researchers are developing soybeans that can handle extreme weather conditions, allowing farmers to maintain yields under pressure. By studying plant adaptation strategies, scientists aim to create more resilient soybean varieties.
A blood test combining AI, cell-free DNA, and protein biomarkers shows high accuracy in detecting ovarian cancer. The test distinguishes between benign growths and cancerous tumors, offering a potential affordable screening method for widespread use.
A new study by Flinders University experts has developed an AI-powered PCR system that improves the quality of DNA profiling and increases the efficiency of cycling conditions. This technology has the potential to revolutionize fields such as forensic science, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
A new hand-held scanner can generate highly detailed 3D images in seconds, paving the way for earlier disease diagnosis. The technology uses laser-generated ultrasound waves to visualize subtle changes in blood vessels, helping inform patient care and diagnose conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
A new method called Clio allows robots to make task-relevant decisions by identifying the parts of a scene that matter. In real experiments, Clio successfully mapped scenes at different levels of granularity based on natural-language prompts and enabled robots to grasp objects of interest.
Researchers developed TETRIS, a technology that maps out diverse protein interactions in cells using DNA barcodes, capturing higher-order interactions linked to aggressive cancers. This enables precise diagnostics and tailored therapies.
Researchers found that Brusatol increases Gem's effectiveness against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by suppressing Nrf2 signaling. The study also showed that combining Brusatol with Nrf2 silencing significantly enhanced Gem's efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends pediatricians support families with guidance and books at well-child visits. Shared reading strengthens bonds and stimulates brain circuitry, creating early attachments. This practice has enduring benefits for social-emotional, cognitive, language, and literacy development.