A £4.25m project will investigate 'tipping points' in marine ecosystems, which could have devastating consequences for the UK's fishing industry and global biodiversity. The TiMBER project, led by the University of East Anglia, aims to develop tools to assess risks and predict changes in marine biogeochemistry.
Researchers use CRISPR-Cas9 to remove duplicate chromosomes in trisomy 21 cells, restoring gene expression and cellular phenotypes. The technique shows promise as a potential medical intervention for people with Down syndrome.
Researchers at the University of Sheffield have developed a new type of back-contact solar cell design using perovskite material and tiny grooves in plastic film. The technology enables scalable, low-cost manufacturing and avoids expensive rare earth metals, making it sustainable and affordable.
Scientists at Argonne National Laboratory developed a new technique to study surface phonons, revealing striking differences between surface and bulk materials. This breakthrough could enable new avenues for research and applications in quantum technologies, including superconductivity.
Researchers uncover a novel reaction pathway in weak-binding metal-nitrogen-carbon single-atom catalysts, contradicting the traditional Sabatier principle. This discovery offers new insights into their exceptional catalytic behavior.
A new programme called 'I CAN' has been shown to increase grit and self-efficacy among 15-year-old boys, leading to improved confidence and a mindset focused on success. Although the programme also yielded small increases for girls, the results were not significant.
Researchers are testing noninvasive electrical stimulation of the spinal cord to treat major depressive disorder. The trial, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, aims to confirm whether this method reduces signaling in specific pathways related to depression.
Recent studies suggest that rising temperatures could disrupt the balance of Earth's climate by increasing plant water loss. In extreme heat, plants may lose too much water to conserve it, limiting photosynthesis and reducing their role as a carbon sink.
A new study reveals encouraging results for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing in advanced breast cancer, detecting genetic mutations and influencing treatment decisions. The non-invasive method offers real-time genetic insights, enabling precision medicine to tailor therapies to individual patients.
A study found racial and ethnic minorities are less likely to receive standard-of-care diagnostic imaging after abnormal screening mammograms compared to white patients. Minority groups were also less likely to have access to same-day biopsy services, despite similar availability of most diagnostic services.
Evgenios Kornaropoulos at George Mason University will receive a $648,811 NSF CAREER Award to investigate encrypted systems with fine-grained leakage. He aims to develop cryptographic designs with customized efficiency-security trade-offs in various settings.
Despite increased priority and awareness, many three- to five-year-olds in deprived areas lack access to supervised toothbrushing programmes. The study highlights the need for more funding to implement targeted schemes that improve children's oral health and education.
A study found that growing glacial lake areas don't necessarily lead to larger floods; instead, smaller lakes are more prone to catastrophic events. Remote sensing technology helps monitor these processes, enabling better risk management in mountainous regions.
Researchers found that a combination of Panitumumab and low-dose Capecitabine is an effective and well-tolerated maintenance regimen for patients with wild-type KRAS metastatic colorectal cancer. The treatment delayed disease progression while managing side effects, improving patients' quality of life.
Researchers from Osaka University have developed an ultrathin vanadium dioxide film on a flexible substrate, preserving its electrical properties. This breakthrough enables adaptable electronics that can adjust to temperature, pressure, or impact in real-time.
Researchers are using machine learning to enable autonomous control of particle accelerators, opening up new possibilities for commissioning and operating high-power accelerators. The technology has been successfully applied to the CAFe2 superconducting segment, achieving global trajectory adaptive control.
McCombs faculty research surpassed previous records with a jump to No. 10 globally in the Financial Times Global MBA Rankings. The university's Texas Full-Time Hildebrand MBA Program ranked No. 17 among U.S.-based programs, also achieving a historic high.
A recent study discovered that a unique human protein variant, NOVA1, plays a crucial role in vocalization and language production. By analyzing gene expression and RNA binding sites, researchers found a strong link between NOVA1 and genes related to vocalization, suggesting its involvement in the emergence of spoken language.
A new study using a pioneering technique called ImmuneLENS found that cancer patients have lower proportions of T cells circulating in the blood compared to healthy individuals. This effect is significant and can predict cancer outcomes, including 47% fewer deaths over five years after surgery.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have developed a method to convert gut bacteria into mini protein factories that produce and release sustained flows of targeted proteins within the lower intestine. This approach eliminates a major roadblock in delivering drugs to this part of the body, offering potential treatment for chronic diseases.
Researchers from University of Leicester identified genetic variants linked to successful smoking cessation using varenicline. The study sheds light on the biological processes involved in responding to the drug.
Researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) have developed a breakthrough method to track diet using stool metagenomic data. The MEDI approach detects food-derived DNA in stool samples to estimate dietary intake, offering a convenient alternative to traditional methods that suffer from misreporting and compliance issues.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health identified a new direct feedback loop in the brain that mixes sensory information, memories, and emotions to label sights and sounds as more important. This discovery may lead to new solutions for problems like post-traumatic stress disorder and autism.
A study published in Communications Psychology found that dream recall is influenced by individual characteristics and external factors, including positive attitude toward dreams, mind-wandering tendency, and sleep patterns. Younger participants showed higher rates of dream recall, while older individuals experienced 'white dreams.'
Swimming in lakes with still water can lead to infection with Legionella bacteria, causing pneumonia. Risk factors include age over 50, smoking history, and compromised immune systems. Clinicians should suspect legionnaires' disease in patients with severe pneumonia and recent travel history.
Researchers found that larger areas of restored habitat reduced both human-wildlife conflicts and social conflicts in Kenya's Chyulu Hills. The more local grassland is restored, the less conflict there is, with benefits including lower levels of social conflict and perceptions of insecurity.
Researchers found that squat toilets release higher concentrations of bacteria than bidet toilets, but ventilation fans significantly lower these levels. Installing efficient exhaust fans can effectively reduce bioaerosol concentrations and exposure risks for the public.
A comprehensive review published in Brain Medicine maps out the extensive influence of reproductive hormones on neurological health and disease. The study examines how sex hormones affect a broad spectrum of neurological conditions, including vascular disorders, movement disorders, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.
A 28×28 MoS2-based synaptic device array has been developed to mimic the human visual system's intricate functions. The array achieved a stunning 96.5% accuracy in digit recognition, marking a significant leap forward in large-scale neuromorphic systems.
Researchers found that Black women with triple-negative breast cancer are less likely to receive immunotherapy treatment, even when accounting for socioeconomic factors. The study analyzed data from over 10,000 patients and found a significant disparity in immunotherapy response between racial groups.
Researchers analyzed spatial interactions between active fault segments in the L'Aquila Basin, revealing a structural connection between disconnected faults. Thermoluminescence dating indicated tectonic activity began 2.7 million years ago, while stable isotope analysis revealed fault structures formed at depths of 1.5-2 kilometers.
Increasing the spacing between integrin-ECM binding domains on the extracellular matrix can boost the efficiency of ultrasound treatment applied to kill cancer cells. A new study found that this increased spacing triggers myosin forces, pumps more calcium inside, and promotes cell death.
Researchers propose a progressive design method to optimize flow channel structures in PEMFCs, improving mass transfer and overall performance. The study finds that optimized structures enhance oxygen and water distribution, leading to significant increases in peak current density and power density.
A new laparoscopic imaging technique uses stereo depth estimation and speckle-illumination SFDI to accurately map the optical properties of biological tissue. The device provides detailed optical property maps, enabling surgeons to identify critical tumor margins and improve clinical outcomes.
A new study by the University of Birmingham found that everyday stress, loneliness, and childhood trauma are significant risk factors for dissociation in teenagers and young adults. The research identified four key risk factors, with everyday stress being the most significant.
A preclinical trial has uncovered how beta-glucan can 'reprogram' immune cells to prevent lung inflammation and reduce the risk of illness and death from influenza. The study's findings highlight beta-glucan as a promising therapy for influenza and other emerging viral pathogens.
This Egyptian study sheds light on the genotype and phenotype of familial ALS, highlighting early onset, high consanguinity rates, and genetic variations. The findings suggest distinct characteristics compared to European populations, emphasizing the importance of studying ALS genetics across diverse populations.
A recent study reveals a significant long-term decline in downward surface solar radiation globally, with significant decadal variations observed over land. The research highlights the role of water vapor in DSSR changes, which was previously overlooked, and shows that future DSSR changes will depend heavily on emission scenarios.
Researchers at The Wistar Institute's HIV Cure and Viral Diseases Center have identified a new approach using natural killer cells to target and kill HIV-positive cells. CD64 expression enhances binding activity for holding onto antigen-specific antibodies, allowing for specific targeting and killing of infected cells.
Researchers at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology developed Leafbot, a soft robot that uses vibration-driven locomotion to traverse uneven surfaces. The robot's compliant structure and simple motion strategy enable it to overcome complex obstacles, making it valuable for applications such as inspection and exploration.
Researchers have discovered evidence that plague may have been involved in epidemics a century before the Black Death, challenging previous assumptions about the disease's arrival in Western Eurasia. The study uses historical sources and genetic analysis to propose a new timeline for the plague's emergence.
Scientists at NUS Medicine have developed a novel approach using nasal bacteria to deliver therapeutic molecules directly to the brain, reducing appetite and improving glucose metabolism in preclinical studies. The engineered bacteria leverage the olfactory mucosa's unique properties to deliver medication with enhanced bioavailability.
Archaeologists reconstructed human land use and land cover over the past 12,000 years in South Asia, revealing hunter-gatherer practices as dominant across periods. The study provides critical information for modeling climate impacts of human populations.
The University of Arkansas researcher Samir El-Ghazaly is designing a massive anechoic chamber to test antennas and certify RF interference produced by large electrical devices. The chamber, valued at nearly $1M, will be a testing site for Xtremis and potentially entice other startups to the area.
A new droplet microfluidic component library utilizes micromilling technique to produce devices at a fraction of the cost of traditional methods. The library includes versatile components for complex workflows, enabling high-throughput applications in biological and chemical research.
Professor Dan Frangopol has made transformative contributions to structural reliability, optimization, and sustainable infrastructure management. His work represents the dedication to research and scholarship that Lehigh University strives to cultivate.
Researchers at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute have identified a specific immune response that can prevent the spread of breast cancer cells within the body. Activating certain immune cells can stop dormant cancer cells from growing into new tumors, potentially leading to long-term survival.
Researchers have developed software tools that analyze student behavior in real-time, assessing how well students develop and use collaborative problem-solving skills. The tools can modify the game to improve learning outcomes by identifying patterns of behavior associated with specific learning outcomes.
A new guide helps researchers effectively use various R packages for species distribution modeling, improving accuracy and breadth of analyses. By combining tools, scientists can tackle a wider range of questions and contribute to stronger biodiversity assessments worldwide.
A Chinese research team found that ultrasonic cleaning promotes phenolic compound accumulation in fresh-cut red cabbage. The study suggests that ultrasound enhances the activity of enzymes related to energy metabolism, which provides energy for phenolic compound synthesis.
The new book Not Your Parents' Politics reveals that young people are actively engaging in political discourse on social media with diverse forms of expression, including humor and personal experiences. These expressions shape youth political socialization and democratic participation.
Researchers have discovered how cells turn on their recycling process and create 'garbage bags' to remove proteins, shedding new light on a crucial aspect of maintaining health. The study may lead to future treatments that can promote healthy ageing and target diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
A new study suggests that routine monitoring of water quality factors, such as pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity, can help predict the growth of Legionella bacteria and prevent outbreaks in healthcare settings. The approach has been shown to be reliable and more accurate than conventional statistical methods.
A new study from the University of South Australia found that most people trust AI in situations where the stakes are low, such as music suggestions. However, those with poor statistical literacy or little familiarity with AI were just as likely to trust algorithms for trivial choices as they were for critical decisions. The study also...
Researchers have discovered a new mechanism by which bacteria defend against CRISPR-Cas systems, and how phages counter these defenses. This discovery holds potential to enhance the safety and precision of CRISPR-based technologies.
Finnish researchers found pituitary macrophages regulate hormonal balance and may be used to treat endocrine disorders. Macrophages have a local effect on hormone secretion, decreasing when removed.
Researchers from Flinders University applied gene editing to explore the role of enzyme ACE2 in healthy placental development. They found that ACE2 plays a key role in helping cells grow properly and that a genetic variation is linked to major pregnancy complications.
A team of researchers from the University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson found that an FDA-approved osteoporosis treatment, risedronate, can correct a gene mutation and normalize heart function in animal models. The study provides hope for treating other rare diseases using precision treatments tailored to individual mutations.
Hunter Medical Research Institute has formed a memorandum of understanding with Novartis (Aust & NZ) to explore future research projects focused on improving cardiovascular health. The partnership aims to accelerate innovation and enhance patient care through collaborative research initiatives.
Researchers from Aarhus University have developed a method to track disease progression in patients with autoimmune diseases. The new method identifies large immuno-active complexes and can be measured in parallel, increasing capacity and reducing the need for training new staff or investing in equipment.