How many trees are there in China?
A study published in Science Bulletin has created a comprehensive tree density map of China, estimating 142.6 billion trees across the country, with varying densities by region and ecosystem type.
Science News for February 21, 2025
Surgery may improve memory and psychological health for Chiari malformation patients, Pitt and UPMC surgeons report
A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found that surgery can alleviate psychiatric distress and improve cognitive function in patients with Chiari Malformation type 1. Nearly 90% of patients showed improvements in cognitive function or psychiatric symptoms, with many reporting a significant reduction in brain fog.
Hydrogen becomes a superfluid at nanoscale, confirming 50-year-old prediction
Researchers have confirmed hydrogen's superfluidity at the nanoscale, a quantum state of frictionless flow, using helium nanodroplets. This discovery deepens understanding of quantum fluids and could inspire more efficient hydrogen storage and transport for clean energy applications.
SourceUniversity of British Columbia·JournalScience Advances·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
The effects of clay minerals on imbibition in shale reservoirs
Clay minerals can significantly impact imbibition in shale reservoirs by creating micro-fractures or blocking flow paths due to hydration swelling and osmotic pressure. The resulting osmotic pressure drives imbibition, highlighting the importance of considering capillary forces and clay mineral properties.
Stealth virus: Zika virus builds tunnels to covertly infect cells of the placenta
Researchers discovered that Zika virus uses a tunneling strategy to spread in placental cells, hijacking mitochondria to augment its propagation and survival. The study found that the formation of tiny tunnels is driven exclusively by a Zika protein called NS1, which triggers tunnel formation in uninfected cells.
SourceBaylor College of Medicine·JournalNature Communications·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Islet transplantation with blood vessel cells shows promise to treat type 1 diabetes
Researchers developed reprogrammed vascular endothelial cells that provide strong support for islets, allowing them to survive and reverse diabetes long-term. The study showed that mice transplanted with islet cells plus R-VECs regained normal blood glucose control after 20 weeks.
Co-prescribed stimulants, opioids linked to higher opioid doses
A study analyzing millions of U.S. prescriptions over 10 years found that co-prescribed stimulants and opioids are associated with escalating opioid intake. Patients taking both stimulants and opioids had a higher average monthly intake of morphine milligram equivalents (MME) compared to those taking only opioids.
SourceOhio State University·JournalThe Lancet Regional Health - Americas·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateFeb 21, 2025
Patient-doctor common tongue key to decreasing cardiovascular disease, longer life
A retrospective cohort study from the University of Ottawa and Manitoba found Canadians with hypertension whose preferred language was spoken by their doctor were 36% less likely to have a major adverse cardiovascular event. Patients with language-accessible care had a 28% lower risk of death compared to those without such access.
Hawaiian parasitic flies develop better hearing to locate host crickets
Researchers found that Hawaiian parasitic flies have developed more sensitive hearing to locate host crickets, improving their chances of survival. The flies' adaptation allows them to detect a range of sound frequencies prominent in rapidly changing cricket calling songs.
PFAS: Found 180 times more ‘forever chemicals’ in birds
A new study reveals that PFAS are found in larger volumes than before, with a significant increase in the livers of wading birds. The researchers used a new method called the Total Oxidizable Precursor (TOP) assay to detect these substances.
SourceNorwegian University of Science and Technology·JournalJournal of Hazardous Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
New microscope can image, at once, the full 3D orientation & position of molecules in cells
A new hybrid microscope allows scientists to image the full 3D orientation and position of an ensemble of molecules, such as labeled proteins inside cells. This can reveal the real biology hidden from just a position change of a molecule alone.
SourceMarine Biological Laboratory·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeImaging analysis·DateFeb 21, 2025
Novel method to synthesize valuable fluorinated drug compounds
Researchers from NUS have pioneered a new catalytic transformation that converts epoxides into fluorinated oxetanes, a coveted class of drug molecules. The discovery potentially opens the door to new medicines and offers a reliable route to incorporate these motifs into the design of novel small-molecule therapeutics.
SourceNational University of Singapore·JournalNature Chemistry·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Self-imaging of structured light in new dimensions
Researchers at Tampere University and Kastler-Brossel Laboratory have demonstrated self-imaging of light in cylindrical systems, facilitating unprecedented control of light's structure. They also explore a new type of space-time duality, bridging different fields of optics.
Kennesaw State researcher earns American Heart Association award for innovative study on heart disease diagnostics
Kennesaw State researcher Chen Zhao has earned the 2025 American Heart Association Institutional Research Enhancement Award for his innovative study on non-invasive blood flow prediction in cardiovascular disease diagnosis. His technology uses coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) scans to measure Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR...
University of Vaasa, Finland, conducts research on utilizing buildings as energy sources
The University of Vaasa's FlexiPower project aims to develop and commercialize a 'Building as a Battery' (BaaB) solution that enables dynamic response of building heating and cooling systems to power grid needs. This innovation offers cost-effective and scalable solutions for balancing the power grid.
Plant-rich, low saturated-fat diet associated with reduced psoriasis severity
A study by King's College London found that a diet high in plant-based foods and low in saturated fats may help reduce psoriasis severity. Individuals with lower adherence to the DASH dietary pattern were more likely to report higher psoriasis severity, while those consuming more fruits, nuts, and legumes had less severe symptoms.
Clues of advanced ancient technology found in the Philippines and Island Southeast Asia
Researchers at Ateneo de Manila University discover evidence of advanced seafaring and boatbuilding in the Philippines and Island Southeast Asia dating back to around 40,000 years ago. Microscopic analysis of stone tools reveals clear traces of plant processing, indicating a high level of technological sophistication.
Rare side effect of cancer immunotherapy
A rare case of T cell lymphoma developed in a patient with multiple myeloma nine months after CAR-T cell therapy. Genetic alterations in the patient's haematopoietic cells played a role in tumour development, highlighting the importance of genetic predispositions for potential side effects.
SourceUniversität Leipzig·JournalNature Medicine·TypeRandomized controlled/clinical trial·DateFeb 21, 2025
Precision therapy with microbubbles
A team of ETH Zurich researchers has demonstrated how microbubbles create tiny pores in the cell membrane, allowing drugs to pass through and potentially treating brain diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. The breakthrough was achieved using a high-speed camera and specialized microscope.
Glass fertilizer beads could be a sustained nutrient delivery system
Researchers have developed glass fertilizer beads that control nutrient release, boosting plant productivity without harming soil quality. The beads were found to be efficient and sustainable alternatives to conventional fertilizers, with minimal ecotoxicity.
How to get a robot collective to act like a smart material
A team of researchers has created a robotic material-like collective that can change shape and stiffness in response to internal signals. The robots, composed of disk-shaped autonomous units, use light sensors, magnets, and force fluctuations to achieve this behavior, reducing power consumption compared to traditional robotic systems.
What if we could revive waste carbon dioxide?
Researchers developed a catalyst synthesis process and precision control technology to maximize CO2 conversion efficiency, achieving over twice the efficiency of conventional methods. The technology also enables stable bonding with metal oxide supports, enhancing durability.
SourceNational Research Council of Science & Technology·JournalApplied Catalysis B Environment and Energy·DateFeb 21, 2025
Unraveling the mystery of the missing blue whale calves
Researchers propose that timing hypothesis explains the mystery of missing blue whale calves, where births occur in fall and winter, and calves are weaned before returning to feeding areas. This explanation offers alternative insight into high pregnancy rates vs. low sightings of mother-calf pairs.
SourceUniversity of Washington·JournalEndangered Species Research·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 21, 2025
UTA partnership boosts biomanufacturing in North Texas
The University of Texas at Arlington is joining forces with the Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station to operate a new biomanufacturing center. This partnership will expand UTA's capabilities and provide access to financial support and industry partners, enabling researchers to develop and commercialize production of new bioprod...
Unveiling the secret: How monolayer Ti3C2Tx transforms photocatalytic bioaerosol disinfection at the catalyst-cell interface
The newly synthesized monolayer Ti3C2Tx transforms photocatalytic bioaerosol disinfection at the catalyst-cell interface. The material achieves a sterilization efficiency of 3.3 log in just 12.8 seconds, far exceeding traditional TiO2.
The emerging biomedical ultrasound tech: flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers
Flexible micromachined ultrasound transducers (MUTs) enable continuous monitoring and targeted stimulation due to their conforming ability, reducing diagnostic errors and operator variability. The study explores fabrication methods, performance benchmarks, and potential applications of these devices.
SourceAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences·JournalMicrosystems & Nanoengineering·DateFeb 21, 2025
Study highlights successes of Virginia’s oyster restoration efforts
A study led by Alexandria Marquardt suggests that Virginia's oyster restoration practices are effective in increasing fishery sustainability and supporting local economies. The research shows that shell replenishment activities, combined with rotational harvests, result in improved reef structure and increased commercial harvests.
SourceVirginia Institute of Marine Science·JournalJournal of Environmental Management·DateFeb 21, 2025
Rice-led study finds focused ultrasound therapy improves cancer treatment
A new study by Rice University and Vanderbilt University researchers found that combining focused ultrasound with the existing protein therapy TRAIL can significantly reduce tumor size and burden in prostate cancer models. The therapy works by amplifying the anticancer effects of TRAIL via Piezo1 activation, which triggers cell death.
Solving the case of the missing platinum
A team of researchers at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Leiden University identified the cause of platinum electrode corrosion in water electrolyzers. Using high-energy-resolution X-ray spectroscopy techniques, they found that platinum hydride formation is responsible for the degradation.
SourceDOE/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory·JournalNature Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Intercalation regulates the chemical ordering and property of 2D magnets
Researchers synthesized Fe1+xSe2 nanoflakes with controlled intercalation ratios, discovering a new class of materials with room-temperature magnetism and unique half-metallic behavior. Interkalation regulates magnetic and electrical properties, including Curie temperatures and spin gap.
Review: Foundation models in bioinformatics
Researchers identified recent advancements in bioinformatics foundation models, enhancing understanding of molecular landscapes and providing practical foundations for innovation in molecular biology. The models are versatile and essential tools for various downstream tasks, including genomics and drug discovery.
How does innovation policy respond to the challenges of a changing world?
Researchers from University of Vaasa and Kent Business School explore how innovation can drive economic change and solve global problems. The book offers fresh perspectives on innovation policy, its current status, and future directions.
Underwater mics and machine learning aid right whale conservation
Researchers at Cornell University have developed a new method using underwater microphones and machine learning to estimate the population of North Atlantic right whales. The study demonstrates how this method can aid in the conservation of these critically endangered species by providing real-time monitoring capabilities. By analyzing...
SourceCornell University·JournalEndangered Species Research·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateFeb 21, 2025
Forensic Sciences Research Volume 9, Issue 4 publishes
This special issue of Forensic Sciences Research explores the latest advancements in forensic document examination, including handwriting analysis, ink stain characterization, and collaboration between forensic and criminal intelligence. The contributions showcase a global snapshot of expertise from North America, South America, Europe...
Kiel, Brest and Split will be the EU ambassadors for science 2026
The European Union has selected Kiel, Brest and Split as the new ambassadors for science in 2026, with a focus on promoting innovation and research. The cities will receive 6 million euros in funding to organize various events and activities aimed at strengthening trust in research and making scientific discoveries accessible to citizens.
Breathing and vision may be linked
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered a fundamental mechanism linking breathing to pupil size, which affects vision. The study shows that the pupil is smallest during inhalation and largest during exhalation, impacting visual perception.
New PET tracer reveals potential for recovery in spinal cord injuries
A new PET tracer has been developed to visualize intact nerve connections in the spinal cord, which may indicate a better chance of recovery. This breakthrough has the potential to help diagnose injuries more precisely, monitor recovery, and evaluate the effectiveness of new therapies.
SourceSociety of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·JournalJournal of Nuclear Medicine·DateFeb 21, 2025
Highly uniform nanocrystals synthesized by liquid crystalline antisolvent
A research team at POSTECH developed a synthesis method that precisely controls the size and shape of perovskite nanocrystals using liquid crystalline antisolvents. The method produces uniformly sized particles without additional purification processes, accelerating commercialization of optoelectronic devices.
AI unlocks the emotional language of animals
Researchers at the University of Copenhagen developed an AI model that can analyze thousands of vocalizations from animals to detect emotional states. The study identified key acoustic indicators, such as changes in duration and energy distribution, which are evolutionarily conserved across species.
A PRA-Rab trafficking machinery modulates NLR immune receptor plasma membrane microdomain anchoring and blast resistance in rice
This study identified PIBP4, a PRA protein, as a crucial component of the PigmR-mediated immune signaling pathway in rice. The absence of PIBP4 and its interacting partner OsRab5a compromised blast resistance by disrupting PigmR's microdomain localization.
What happens when a diet targets ultra-processed foods?
A two-month intervention targeting ultra-processed foods resulted in a significant reduction of UPF intake, with participants consuming almost half the amount initially. Participants also experienced weight loss, improved mood, and reduced sugar, saturated fat, and sodium consumption.
University of Houston professors named senior members of the National Academy of Inventors
Three University of Houston professors, Birol Dindoruk, Megan Robertson, and Francisco Robles Hernandez, have been named Senior Members of the National Academy of Inventors. The recognition highlights their dedication to innovation and research excellence.
Selfhood is a precondition for true community
Professor Dan Zahavi's research highlights the importance of subjective endorsement in communal experience, arguing that being part of a we requires an experiential anchoring. He also emphasizes the intrinsic subjectivity of human experiences and the need to recognize both individual and collective aspects of self.
Why GPT can’t think like us
A new study reveals that GPT models perform well on some analogy tasks but struggle with variations, highlighting key weaknesses in AI's reasoning capabilities. Analogical reasoning is a crucial aspect of human cognition and decision-making, yet AI models often rely on superficial patterns rather than deep comprehension.
Comprehensive strategies to address radiation-induced restrictive cardiomyopathy
Researchers investigated radiation-induced cardiomyopathy management strategies to mitigate cardiac damage. The review discusses pathophysiology, clinical implications, and treatment options, including antioxidant medications and herbal supplements.
Study: Countries across the world use more land for golf courses than wind or solar energy
A new study reveals that vast areas are allocated to golf courses, exceeding the land required for current installed capacity of solar and wind facilities. This highlights the need to rethink land use priorities and consider alternative uses for underutilized land.
SourceIOP Publishing·JournalEnvironmental Research Communications·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateFeb 21, 2025
Perovskite solar cells: Thermal stresses are the key to long-term stability
Thermal stress is the key factor in degrading metal-halide perovskites used in solar cells. Researchers propose increasing crystalline quality and using buffer layers to improve stability.
SourceHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie·JournalNature Reviews Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Pattern of compounds in blood may indicate severity of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia
Researchers identified 19 metabolites and found that levels of certain compounds correlated with increased blood pressure, worse obstetric outcomes, and poorer end-organ function. The study expands scientific knowledge of preeclampsia and its mechanisms, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.
Postoperative weight loss after anti-obesity medications and revision risk after joint replacement
A cohort study found that patients with obesity undergoing joint replacement who experienced significant weight loss after initiating anti-obesity medications had a lower risk of 5-year and 10-year revision. This suggests that safe and sustainable weight loss may improve implant survivorship in obese patients.
The rising tide of sand mining: a growing threat to marine life
The increasing extraction of sand across the world is causing significant harm to marine ecosystems, leading to coastal erosion, habitat destruction, and the spread of invasive species. Integrating sand mining into broader environmental policies is crucial to mitigating its impacts.
Iberian nailed head ritual was more complex than expected
Researchers analyzed seven severed skulls of men from Puig Castellar and Ullastret sites, revealing different mobility patterns and localisation trends. The study suggests that the nailed heads ritual was not a uniform practice across Iberian communities, but rather varied between settlements.
SourceUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona·JournalJournal of Archaeological Science Reports·TypeCase study·DateFeb 21, 2025
The future of geothermal for reliable clean energy
Researchers estimate that enhanced geothermal systems could make up a far greater share of humanity's energy needs, providing stability to a decarbonized power grid. By 2045, California could reach 40 gigawatts of geothermal capacity, replacing fossil fuels for baseload power.
Scented wax melts may not be as safe for indoor air as initially thought, study finds
Researchers found that scented wax melts can release airborne nanoparticle-forming compounds, posing inhalation risks. The study suggests these alternatives may not be safer than traditional candles after all.
Optimism can encourage healthy habits
A study by Syracuse University researchers found that optimism promotes healthier behaviors and better psychological well-being in the face of stressors like the pandemic. Individuals with higher optimism levels engaged in more physical activity, perceived greater social support, and were less stressed and lonely.
New ACS research finds low uptake of supportive care at the end-of-life for patients with advanced cancer
A retrospective study found that only one-quarter of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer received palliative care in the last six months of life. The study also showed that 45% of decedents experienced potentially aggressive care, highlighting the need for interventions to improve quality of care.
Biobased lignin gels offer sustainable alternative for hair conditioning
Researchers at Stockholm University have developed a fully biobased hair conditioner using lignin gel emulsions, reducing the need for synthetic surfactants and complex stabilizers. The product demonstrates comparable performance to commercial hair conditioners, offering a sustainable alternative for environmentally conscious consumers.
A new method combining peridynamics and deep learning for improving land subsidence modeling and simulation
A new method combining peridynamics and deep learning improves land subsidence modeling accuracy, offering a more effective way to simulate complex geological structures. The study's results are significant for urban planning, disaster prevention, and mitigation in areas prone to land subsidence.
Measuring poverty better to strengthen tuberculosis research
A new review highlights the shortcomings of existing methods for assessing socioeconomic status in TB studies, calling for more accurate and comprehensive measures. Adopting tools like the global multidimensional poverty index could lead to targeted interventions and stronger policy recommendations.
SourceBoston University School of Medicine·JournalBMC Global and Public Health·TypeSystematic review·DateFeb 21, 2025
Council of Nicaea 1700 years ago: ‘Images of God turned upside down’
The Council of Nicaea formulated a fundamental creed that unites Christian denominations today. Key historical research on the council's political and theological significance will be presented in an interdisciplinary conference focused on its ongoing impact.
Study reveals Arabia's rainfall was five times more extreme 400 years ago
A new study reveals Arabia's rainfall was significantly more extreme in the past, with the region once resembling a vegetated savannah. The findings underscore the critical need for enhanced climate resilience and disaster preparedness to address the growing threat of extreme weather events.
SourceUniversity of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science·JournalScience Advances·TypeObservational study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Designing homochiral metal–organic frameworks with ultrahigh surface areas and stability for practical applications
A novel mixed-ligand strategy creates ultrahigh surface area, chemically stable chiral MOFs ideal for practical applications in asymmetric catalysis. The frameworks demonstrate record-breaking surface areas and exceptional structural features, making them suitable as heterogeneous catalysts.
Study shows end-of-life cancer care lacking for Medicare patients
A study of 33,744 Medicare decedents found that 45% received potentially aggressive care in the last days of life, while only 25% received advanced care planning and palliative care. Despite efforts to raise awareness about the harms of aggressive treatment, access to supportive care varies among demographic groups.
Spending more than 3 hours a day sedentary worsens teens’ mental health
A study of over 3,600 adolescents found that spending more than 3 hours a day engaged in sedentary behaviors increases the risk of psychological distress. In contrast, moderate screen exposure invested in educational activities was linked to less psychological distress.
SourceFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo·JournalJournal of Adolescent Health·DateFeb 21, 2025
Digital screen time and nearsightedness
A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis found a daily 1-hour increment in digital screen time was associated with a 21% higher odds of myopia. Researchers suggest that exposure to screens for less than 1 hour per day may be safe, but prolonged use increases the risk of nearsightedness.
Economist Bettina Rockenbach assumes presidency of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Bettina Rockenbach takes over as President of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, promising to continue the academy's science-based advisory work. She aims to provide anticipative advice on looming crises and reinforce her focus on interdisciplinary scientific endeavours.
Contemporary patterns of end-of-life care among Medicare beneficiaries with advanced cancer
A recent study found that Medicare decedents with advanced cancer often receive aggressive care at the end of life, despite a lack of support. The study highlights the need for improved quality of care and more comprehensive approaches to address this issue.
New frailty measurement tool could help identify vulnerable older adults in epic
Researchers developed a frailty index using electronic health record data from over 500,000 patients, identifying those at high risk of adverse health outcomes. The tool classifies patients as robust, pre-frail, frail or very frail based on age-related health deficits.
SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalJournal of the American Geriatrics Society·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateFeb 21, 2025
Viking skulls reveal severe morbidity
A study of Viking skulls using CT scans reveals a range of diseases including sinus and ear infections, osteoarthritis, and dental diseases. The results provide greater understanding of the health and wellbeing of the Viking population.
LLM-based web application scanner recognizes tasks and workflows
YuraScanner harnesses LLMs to navigate web applications like humans do, identifying tasks and workflows. It detects previously unknown XSS vulnerabilities, surpassing existing scanners.
Flexible crystals reveal secrets of elasticity
Australian scientists have identified the origin of the restoring force in elastic crystals, allowing for the design of new hybrid materials. The study found that energy is stored in molecular interactions under compressive and expansive strain, enabling the crystal to return to its original shape.
Microcomb chips help pave the way for thousand times more accurate GPS systems
Researchers have developed microcomb technology to miniaturize optical atomic clock systems, offering significant benefits for navigation, autonomous vehicles, and geo-data monitoring. The new system uses integrated photonics to integrate optical components on tiny photonic chips, reducing size and weight.
SourceChalmers University of Technology·JournalNature Photonics·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Breakthrough in high-performance oxide-ion conductors using rubidium
Researchers at Institute of Science Tokyo have discovered a rubidium-containing material with exceptionally high conductivity, paving the way for solid oxide fuel cells. The material's superior performance is attributed to low activation energy, large free volume, and tetrahedral motion.
SourceInstitute of Science Tokyo·JournalChemistry of Materials·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025
Hurricane-proofed downtown skyscrapers unexpectedly vulnerable to ‘bouncing’ winds
A new study reveals that downtown Houston skyscrapers designed to withstand hurricanes are actually more vulnerable to intense, localized wind forces called downbursts. The research found that these strong winds can cause significant damage to facade panels, cladding, and windows on lower floors.
Mechanochemistry strikes again – A facile means for generating organolithium molecules
Mechanochemistry enables efficient generation of organolithium compounds, solving traditional synthesis challenges with simplified, solvent-free method. The new protocol achieves high conversion rates and reduces handling risks for technicians with limited experience.
SourceInstitute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (ICReDD)·JournalNature Synthesis·TypeExperimental study·DateFeb 21, 2025