Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology developed a model to estimate biofilm growth, enabling optimal hull cleaning schedules to save on fuel consumption. Biofilm fouling can increase fuel friction by up to 18%, leading to higher emissions and consumer prices.
A study co-authored by Yale School of the Environment scientists found that directly measuring soil carbon can provide reliable evidence of how much carbon is being stored. This approach, coupled with suitable study designs, allows for feasible verification of climate-smart practices such as crop cover and reduced tillage.
Maital Neta, a University of Nebraska-Lincoln professor, has received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers. Her lab explores how people cope with uncertainty, and her work has been featured in partnerships with Nebraska Athletics and the National Institutes of Health.
Biofilm produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes has unique structural properties and thermal stability, exhibiting antioxidant, emulsification and flocculation activity. The EPS can be used as a natural additive for the pharmaceutical and food industries with potential applications in developing sustainable or ecofriendly additives.
A phase 2 study found that the combination of belzutifan and cabozantinib produced a confirmed objective response rate of 70% among patients with advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. The treatment was well-tolerated, with manageable serious adverse events.
The Affordable Care Act shows modest evidence in reducing out-of-pocket costs and improving health among older adults transitioning to Medicare. Insuring financial assistance should be preserved to enhance their access to healthcare, improving overall well-being.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle-based wireless DBS system that restores dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease models. The system uses near-infrared laser technology to activate thermosensitive TRPV1 receptors, clearing α-syn aggregates and improving motor function.
The Hubble Space Telescope has captured a panoramic view of the Andromeda Galaxy, unveiling hundreds of millions of stars and providing new clues to its evolutionary history. The galaxy's unique structural features, such as coherent streams of stars, suggest a more active recent star formation and interaction history than the Milky Way.
Scientists have created a stable 2D material, InSbMoO6 (ISM), using lone pair electrons as chemical scissors. ISM exhibits strong nonlinear optical responses and good air stability, making it promising for integrated photonics applications.
Financial contributions to immigrant-serving legal aid nonprofits increased by 4-11 percentage points during the 2016 election and 8-17 percentage points through 2019. This surge in funding helped these organizations adapt to anti-immigrant policies and position themselves as important safeguards for immigrant communities.
Elena Belova, a theoretical physicist, developed complex simulations of plasmas in fusion experiments. Yevgeny Raitses, an experimental researcher, contributed to low-temperature plasma and diagnostics research. Both were honored as Distinguished Research Fellows at PPPL.
Researchers at UT Health San Antonio and The University of Texas at San Antonio have won the 2025 Hill Prizes for their groundbreaking work on non-opioid painkillers and emergency airway management. The $500,000 prize funding will support the development of novel analgesics and a new design for endotracheal tubes.
A cross-sectional study found that websites selling compounded glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists often misinformed potential consumers about the medications' safety, efficacy, and FDA approval status. The study highlights the need for increased transparency and regulation in the online advertising of these medications.
A recent study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center sheds new light on the heterogeneity of GBM tumors and the role of cancer stem cells in tumor growth. The research identifies six distinct transcriptional states, each with its own unique gene signature, and provides guidance for future research to develop targeted therapies.
A Michigan Medicine study suggests that higher out-of-pocket costs for initial cardiac rehabilitation sessions are a major barrier to participation. Patients who shared the cost of their first session attended more sessions than those who paid nothing, but still had lower odds of completing over 24 sessions.
Researchers studied publicly available genome sequence data to understand the fraction of known and unknown microbial diversity. They found that only 9.73% of bacterial isolate genomes represent the total estimated diversity, with MAGs accounting for nearly 49%, while 42% remains unrepresented.
A team of researchers from Singapore University of Technology and Design has developed a new type of metasurface that can generate circularly polarized light without complex optical setups. The metasurface exhibits chirality, enabling it to convert arbitrary optical excitation into circularly polarized light at specific frequency ranges.
A newly developed ion crystal clock has demonstrated record accuracy, reaching an uncertainty close to the 18th decimal place. This achievement marks a significant step towards redefining the second in the International System of Units (SI), as optical clocks are now 100 times more accurate than current caesium clocks.
A Michigan State University researcher has developed a breakthrough model that sheds light on solar storms and their impact on space weather. The model, predicting particle acceleration and escape across a range of energy levels, could help scientists study cosmic rays emitted in supernova explosions.
Researchers are developing a software framework for crowd-sourced 3D map generation and visual localization from camera data to improve real-time updates and low-cost visual localization. This technology aims to advance self-driving vehicles and enable fully automated transportation
A new study demonstrates how fluorescent cholesterol probes can visualize cholesterol in live cells, revealing its role in amyloid plaque formation and cellular signaling. The novel probes have the potential to enhance our understanding of how cholesterol imbalances contribute to neurodegenerative disorders.
Researchers at Michigan State University, along with citizen scientists and their truffle dogs, have discovered two new species of truffle. The newly named Tuber canirevelatum and Tuber cumberlandense were identified through DNA analysis and have aromatic compounds found in valuable truffle species. These discoveries could lead to incr...
A recent study identifies microRNA396 as a key regulator of shoot regeneration in tomatoes, revealing its role in genotype-dependent variability. Suppressing miR396 enhances shoot regeneration rates and boosts GROWTH-REGULATING FACTOR expression.
Researchers found RNA damage triggers inflammation and cell death in skin after UV exposure. The ribotoxic stress response, orchestrated by protein ZAK-alpha, plays a key role in this process.
Researchers at Huazhong Agricultural University have identified two critical genes, LsKIPK and LsATPase, responsible for butterhead lettuce's distinctive architecture. The study provides a breakthrough in understanding plant morphology and offers possibilities for targeted breeding to develop lettuce varieties with improved traits.
P4HA1 enzyme disrupts energy production in immune cells, weakening their ability to fight cancer. Inhibiting P4HA1 restores healthy immune cell function and sustains long-term immunity, showing promise in treating solid tumors.
A pilot study found that qigong significantly decreases chronic low back pain in US military veterans, improving physical function and reducing sleep disturbance. The holistic practice also showed positive effects on PTSD, depression, anxiety, and social roles, highlighting its potential as a nonpharmacological treatment option.
Researchers at Duke University developed an acoustofluidic integrated molecular diagnostics chip, AIMDx, that uses tiny vortexes to detect dangerous viruses. The vortexes trap cells, bacteria, and larger bioparticles, purifying samples for biomedical tests.
Research led by the University of Michigan reveals that extreme rainfall disproportionately increases E. coli concentrations in recreational waters of communities of color in Texas, particularly those with higher percentages of Black residents in the north and east, and predominantly Latino communities in the south and west.
A landmark survey has imaged exocomet belts around 74 nearby stars, revealing their structure and location. The study provides new insights into the evolution of planetary systems, including the existence of large, undetectable planets that affect the distribution of pebbles in these systems.
A global study of individuals with HIV found that current risk models underestimated cardiovascular events, particularly for women and black men in high-income countries. The researchers developed correction factors to fine-tune these models, highlighting the need for nuanced, region-specific predictions.
A study published in Science found that nitrogen isotopes in tooth enamel of Australopithecus individuals indicate a primarily plant-based diet. The analysis revealed low nitrogen isotope ratios similar to those of herbivores, suggesting that human ancestors did not regularly hunt large mammals.
Researchers at KAIST developed CamBio, a biotemplating method utilizing specific intracellular proteins to create functional nanostructures with high tunability. The method enables the selective synthesis of nanostructures from biological samples, showing improved performance in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate detection.
Three UVA engineering professors, James T. Burns, Coleen Carrigan, and Liheng Cai, have received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) from President Biden. The award recognizes their innovative work in science and technology, including Burns' research on material fracture under unique conditions and...
Researchers use Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer to observe active galactic nucleus, revealing dusty outflowing wind and radio jet feedback. The study provides new insights into AGN's interaction with host galaxies.
A study reveals that cells in the neural crest, which forms bones and nervous system tissues, use internal electric fields to migrate. This process, known as electrotaxis, is guided by an enzyme called voltage-sensitive phosphatase 1 (Vsp1), which converts electrical signals into directional cues.
A novel bio-inspired camera capable of ultra-high-speed imaging and high sensitivity has been developed by KAIST researchers. The camera mimics the visual structure of insect eyes and achieves frame rates thousands of times faster than conventional cameras, while providing clear images in low-light conditions.
The NIH is leading the implementation of the Dr. Emmanuel Bilirakis and Honorable Jennifer Wexton National Plan to End Parkinson’s Act, which aims to coordinate research and services across federal agencies, speed treatment development, and improve early diagnosis for Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.
The DOE Office of Science will award over $80 million to early career researchers across the US, supporting five years of research at universities, national laboratories, and user facilities. The program aims to drive innovation and breakthrough discoveries through basic science enterprise.
Researchers discover how cigarette smoke alters the function of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a key type of immune cell in the lungs. This impairment increases susceptibility to respiratory infections and worsens chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have shown that modified stem cells can improve brain activity after a stroke, even when administered one month later. The treatment reversed brain hyperexcitability and restored balance in neural networks, leading to long-lasting effects on brain function and repair.
Researchers have developed a rabbit model to study CF-related pancreatic endocrine pathology, offering new insights into the disease's pathophysiology. The model identifies an indeterminate glucose tolerance stage in young CF rabbits, mirroring early signs of diabetes progression in humans.
A new mathematical model offers a more realistic representation of how conformist and anti-conformist biases shape cultural traits through a population. The study finds that populations rarely converge to a single trait, and even small variations in individual behavior result in persistent diversity.
Researchers uncover the genetic and metabolic intricacies of wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites to develop pest-resistant crops. The study reveals unique glandular trichomes storing anti-insect metabolites, offering a promising approach for reducing chemical pesticide dependency.
The article reveals that larger EVs are weighing more than conventional cars and require greater critical minerals to produce, delaying efforts to decarbonize the electricity grid. The growing size of EVs is also making waste processing and recycling hazardous
A NIH study found that excess weight gain in the first trimester is associated with increased abdominal circumference and arm fat thickness in fetuses. The findings suggest that early intervention may prevent adult obesity and related conditions by targeting fetal weight gain.
A real-world multicenter study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of tenofovir amibufenamide in treating chronic hepatitis B. The study found that TMF was comparable to TDF in terms of treatment effectiveness, with improved renal safety and no impact on lipid levels.
Researchers at NIMS developed a next-generation AI device leveraging ion-controlled spin wave interference in magnetic materials, outperforming conventional devices by up to 10 times. The technology enables energy-efficient computations with minimal degradation when miniaturized, opening doors for various industrial applications.
A study published in Science of the Total Environment found that stormwater detention basins in Northern Virginia face significant salt stress due to road salts. Native plant species, such as cattails, showed promise in tolerating high salt concentrations, but their impact on overall salt removal was limited.
Researchers found that rotavirus protein NSP4 is necessary and sufficient for disrupting calcium signaling in infected and uninfected cells, affecting disease severity. Manipulating NSP4 could lead to new approaches to prevent or treat rotavirus infections.
A study analyzing the brains of women during pregnancy for the first time reveals that 94% of grey matter undergoes changes, particularly in social cognition regions. The research shows a reduction and partial recovery of brain volume, associated with steroid hormone fluctuations and maternal well-being.
A McMaster University study finds that screenings of a locally-produced film about parenting reduced physical violence against children by nine percent. The film was created with and by refugees and migrants, making it an authentic and effective tool for promoting positive parenting practices.
This study investigates SOX9's role in MASH pathogenesis and explores its underlying mechanisms. SOX9 overexpression alleviates hepatic lipid accumulation by activating the AMPK pathway.
Researchers at University of Utah find proposed geoengineering method to oxidize methane has low efficiency and can cause negative air-quality side effects. The study suggests that manipulating the atmosphere on a global scale is not a reliable solution to climate change.
A new study published in INFORMS Journal Marketing Science found that users are more likely to listen to playlists prominently featured on Spotify's Search Page than those created by third parties. The research also shows that superstar artists added to playlists increase followers, but platform algorithms prioritize these playlists ov...
A recent study published in Frontiers in Communication reveals that people with non-standard accents are more likely to be associated with criminal behaviour, but perceptions vary between accents. The researchers found a significant link between class or status, negative traits, and expected behavior, particularly when it comes to crime.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a method to edit polymers from discarded plastics, generating new macromolecules with more valuable properties. This process utilizes existing building blocks to provide added functionality and value, reducing energy consumption and emissions compared to traditional recycling.
A European consortium has successfully diagnosed over 500 patients with unknown conditions, including rare neurological disorders and hereditary cancers. The diagnoses were made possible by extensive collaboration and reanalysis of existing genome data.
A study found that individuals with sickle cell disease have brains that appear 14 years older than their actual age, and socioeconomic status is also linked to brain health in adults. This can lead to cognitive problems and challenges in school and work.
Scientists discovered DDR2 enhances BMP-dependent bone regeneration while mitigating HO risk, offering promising therapeutic opportunities. DDR2 regulates BMP activity, paving the way for safer bone repair interventions.