The Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC) has released a comprehensive dataset of over 1,500 children with autism, ages 4-20, providing valuable insights into their phenotypic and genetic profiles. The data includes measures of behavior, communication, emotion regulation, and more.
A team of material scientists has created a universal design principle for oxygen vacancy-engineered interfacial redox kinetics, enabling ultrasensitive and rapid VOCs detection at room temperature. The sensor demonstrates high response, fast response/recovery speed, excellent selectivity, low LOD, and enduring stability.
Researchers at Brown University have discovered that particles in the ocean can absorb salt at varying rates, affecting their sinking speed. This finding could aid in understanding the ocean's nutrient cycle and settling of microplastics. The study provides new insights into the physics of 'marine snow' and its role in ocean dynamics.
A team of researchers has discovered that a specific radio signal can reveal the masses of the earliest stars, crucial for understanding the Cosmic Dawn. The study utilizes the 21-centimetre signal, created by hydrogen atoms filling gaps between star-forming regions, to inform predictions about future radio telescopes like REACH and SKA.
A new study reveals that tweens who use devices in bed and receive notifications are more likely to experience sleep disturbance. Experts recommend keeping screens outside the bedroom, turning off notifications, and avoiding social media before bedtime to promote healthier sleep habits.
This study evaluated the surgical outcomes of median sternotomy (MST) in treating intrathoracic tracheal malignancies, with MST providing superior surgical exposure and results in fewer complications. MST was found to preserve vascular integrity, protect the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, and achieve longer resectable tracheal lengths.
A study by Toho University researchers reveals a cellular communication network that promotes liver fibrosis. FGF18 and osteopontin enhance the production of OPN, which activates quiescent stellate cells to propagate fibrotic activity. This discovery highlights the critical roles of these molecules in driving liver fibrosis.
A study by University of California, Riverside researchers finds that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation's slowdown is responsible for the persistent cold water anomaly south of Greenland. This weakening circulation leads to cooler surface waters and fresher salinity, impacting weather patterns across Europe.
Researchers developed a novel photothermal functional scaffold composed of GO/SiOC/Si3N4, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility and photothermal properties. The scaffold demonstrated high compressive strength and successfully avoided high-temperature decomposition of GO.
The study analyzed 50 countries' national AI strategies, finding that only 13 gave high priority to training the current workforce and improving AI education. Common themes included establishing AI-focused programs in universities and on-the-job training, with a focus on human soft skills such as creativity and collaboration.
A diabetes medication that lowers brain fluid pressure has been shown to reduce monthly migraine days by an average of 11. Disability scores also improved significantly, indicating a clinically meaningful improvement in work and social functioning. The study suggests that pressure modulation may drive the benefit, rather than weight loss.
Eighteen Tsinghua University Press journals ranked in the top quartile of their disciplines, with 13 achieving first rankings. The press launched SciOpen in 2022 to provide free access to its journals and meet research needs.
A study found that specific bacteria in breast cancer patients' gut microbiomes correlate with heart health biomarkers, suggesting they are at greater risk of heart damage during chemotherapy. Researchers hope tailored probiotics could play a role in protecting patients against the harmful effects of cancer treatment.
A new study found that weighted vests and resistance training did not prevent bone loss in older adults undergoing intentional weight loss. The researchers call for alternative strategies to protect skeletal health in aging populations with obesity.
The histone modification H3K4me3 is crucial for chromosome and spindle stabilization, normal oocyte development, and embryonic competence. Removing H3K4me3 leads to destabilized spindles, impaired embryonic development, and decreased fertility.
Hongwei Xin, dean of UT AgResearch, has been awarded the Excellence in Leadership Award from agInnovation South. He is credited with enhancing the land-grant ideal through his outstanding service and achievements, which exemplify the leadership goals of agInnovation.
Researchers developed a new laboratory method that helps diagnose patients with suspected immune system disorders like activated-PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS). The method identified dozens of additional genetic variations associated with the condition, enabling rapid diagnosis and treatment. This breakthrough may also help identify more patien...
A new perovskite oxygen electrode exhibits significantly enhanced activity and durability for reversible protonic ceramic electrochemical cells through heterointerface engineering. The BCO-BFCZY heterointerface reduces polarization resistance and degradation, improving overall cell performance.
Researchers analyzed leaf waxes and found no significant drying trend in northern Africa between 3.5 and 2.5 million years ago. This challenges previous interpretations of the climate history of the region. The study suggests that dust deposits may be attributed to changes in wind patterns rather than rainfall.
Yang Zhao, associate professor at University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, wins agInnovation Research Award of Excellence for his work on precision livestock farming and air quality. His research combines agricultural engineering and animal science to optimize production and address challenges in the poultry industry.
A recent study found that global cooling promoted rapid evolution and diversification of marine life during the Late Paleozoic era, while abrupt warming led to mass extinctions. The research used high-resolution fusuline data to reconstruct the history of this ancient group of single-celled organisms.
A Waseda University research team developed a method to measure thermal insulation of bedding systems, considering individual body parts. The study found that relying solely on whole-body insulation is not enough and revealed the importance of optimizing sleep environments for better quality.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have created a living material that can absorb CO2 from the air through photosynthesis and store it in a stable mineral form. The material, made with cyanobacteria, can be shaped using 3D printing and requires sunlight, water, and nutrients to grow.
The 2025 NF Conference brings together researchers, patients, and advocates to discuss progress and future prospects in NF treatment and discovery. The event features keynotes on gene therapy, regulatory reform, and next-generation pain treatments.
α2,6-sialylation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease, with ablation of ST6Gal-I enzyme downregulating BACE1 expression and suppressing Aβ42 plaque production. This study provides novel insights into the involvement of α2,6-sialylation in AD pathology.
A recent study recommends improving climate adaptation programs by enhancing capacity building efforts within governments, economic sectors, and communities. This approach aims to create enabling environments for finance to be impactful, focusing on regional circumstances and stakeholder involvement.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital have identified a novel combination therapy approach to treat pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) fueled by NUP98 fusions. Targeting the complex alone or in combination with another anticancer drug significantly increased survival in AML model systems.
Researchers developed a novel amine-functionalized graphene oxide (NGO) membrane reactor for ultrafast synthesis of propranolol, achieving nearly 100% conversion and selectivity in under 4.63 seconds at 23°C. The NGO membrane exhibited higher catalytic flux and turnover frequency compared to the acidic graphene oxide (GO) membrane.
A new online toolkit developed by the University of Ottawa and Health Canada aims to educate healthcare providers on managing opioid-related issues. The toolkit's co-creation model involves patient input, leading to a deeper understanding of chronic pain and opioid use, and a more compassionate approach to care.
Researchers developed a novel interfacial polymer cross-linking strategy to fabricate ultra-thin polymeric membranes with nanoscale separation layers. The fabricated membranes achieved high ion selectivity and low resistance, overcoming the traditional permeability and selectivity trade-off.
A new study has identified specific proteins in umbilical cord blood that signal acute systemic inflammation, providing a non-invasive means to diagnose early onset sepsis in preterm newborns. This discovery could lead to the development of a diagnostic test to avoid prolonged antibiotic exposure for infants at risk.
The study proposes an event-triggered asymptotic composite neural tracking control scheme for intelligent vehicles, addressing system nonlinearities and uncertainties. It enhances tracking precision and reduces communication traffic through variable threshold-based triggering conditions.
A new study published in KeAi journal Global Transitions found that safe drinking water and sanitation are crucial in preventing cholera. Disparities in WASH access contribute to unequal cholera burden across geographic regions.
A University of Alaska Fairbanks professor has proposed a new three-dimensional time theory that could help solve some of the biggest questions in physics. The theory argues that time comes in multiple dimensions rather than just one, and space emerges as a secondary manifestation.
Marine food webs could be impacted as ocean 'greening' shifts phytoplankton biomass. Phytoplankton act like sponges absorbing CO2 during photosynthesis, influencing climate warming.
An international team directly observes highly charged muonic ions, a new class of exotic atomic systems, in a gas-phase experiment. This achievement demonstrates the capabilities of advanced spectroscopic techniques and paves the way for expanded research into muonic atomic systems.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have discovered that HIV can attach directly to dynein motor proteins without relying on a specific cargo adaptor protein. This flexibility allows the virus to hijack different microtubule transport mechanisms, expanding its options for entering host cells.
Researchers developed an automated program to rapidly identify anti-glycation active compounds in natural resources. The CTM-AM strategy accelerates the discovery of natural products with anti-AGE activity.
A research team from The University of Osaka developed a self-regulating mRNA medicine that adapts to changes in the body, producing just the right amount of therapeutic protein. This innovation could be particularly useful for conditions like chronic pain or inflammatory diseases.
Researchers developed a new class of lanthanide-doped nanomaterials with ultra-high optical nonlinearity, exceeding 500. This enables super-resolution imaging and highly sensitive chemical and biosensing. The material's nonlinear response amplifies light output, turning minor changes into large increases in emission intensity.
The addition of perioperative toripalimab to platinum-based chemotherapy has demonstrated significant improvements in disease-related outcomes, including event-free survival and major pathologic response rates. However, this is associated with a small increase in grade 3–5 toxicities and immune-related adverse events.
Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia (CLTI) are at risk of serious complications, including major amputations and heart attacks. A new statement from the European Society of Cardiology recommends using dual pathway inhibition (DPI) to prevent blood clots in CLTI patients after leg artery procedures.
Researchers warn that declining response rates and concerns about data accuracy are causing a 'quiet crisis' due to foreign aid cuts and COVID-19 disruptions. The lack of census data compromises public administration and can lead to inadequate resource allocation, resulting in pernicious effects.
Researchers developed a reliable method to join B4C–TiB2 ceramics using spark plasma sintering with a Ti interlayer. The joining process was found to be temperature-dependent, resulting in a stable TiB2–TiC–TiB ceramic assemblage. The mechanical strength of the joint increased with temperature, up to 72 MPa at 1300°C.
Researchers found that stronger alcohol exposure caused more significant changes in gene activity and metabolism, particularly in ectodermal cells. The study suggests that even minor changes in gene function during early pregnancy may influence development and contribute to conditions like FASD.
The Digits framework uses compressed air to produce shape changes, vibrations, and haptic feedback, offering a versatile platform for virtual reality and physical therapy. The device's modular design and pneumatic actuation enable adaptable and scalable control methods.
Research finds Arctic peatlands expanding due to warming climate, with 16 sites showing strong evidence of expansion. Peatlands store about 600 billion tons of carbon, and their expansion could slow climate change but also poses risks if temperatures continue to rise.
The review explores the epigenetic regulatory network of lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma, highlighting DNA methylation, histone modifications, RNA methylation, and microRNAs. These mechanisms drive liver cancer progression, offering insights for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Researchers have discovered a synthetic peptide that attracts Crown-of-Thorns Starfish at low concentrations and with no toxicity, offering an efficient pest-management solution. This breakthrough may lead to the development of potent attractins to control CoTS outbreaks, protecting coral reefs from devastating damage.
A new US study reveals that plastic bag regulations, including bans and consumer fees, effectively reduce shoreline litter by 25-47%. Policies involving fees have the largest impact, while complete bag bans are less effective.
Most Medicare beneficiaries will likely see their drug costs go up due to Part D plans' shifting cost-sharing burden. The new $2,000 annual out-of-pocket limit won't reach most beneficiaries, leading to higher deductibles and coinsurance for many.
In a groundbreaking pilot project, South Sioux City has constructed a 4,000-foot stretch of Foundry Road using two million recycled plastic bags. This innovative asphalt blend aims to reduce plastic waste while improving road durability under varied weather conditions.
The collaboration aims to co-develop new treatment paradigms and accelerate innovation in cardiac care, with a focus on Asian populations. The partnership will create opportunities for breakthrough research, knowledge exchange, and training for healthcare professionals.
Researchers developed a technique to study moral decision-making while driving, testing it on 274 philosopher participants. The results showed consistency across different philosophical schools of thought regarding what constitutes moral behavior in the context of driving.
Researchers have developed a new method to 3D-print glass structures with nanoscale precision, achieving nearly 100% reflectance in the visible spectrum. This breakthrough opens up a broader role for glass in nanophotonics, including wearable optics, integrated displays, and sensors.
Researchers have developed a two-step fermentation technique that controls acidification without allowing bacteria to grow, reducing the use of starter culture by up to 80%. This method extends shelf life, eliminating post-acidification issues and improving planning and logistics for dairy production.
A study of 151 bluebottle specimens found four distinct species with unique morphologies and genetics, contradicting the long-held assumption of a single globally distributed species. The research team matched genomic lineages with physical forms identified from citizen-science images, verifying previously proposed but dismissed species.
Researchers discovered genes related to extracellular matrix and Wnt signaling pathway drive lip hypertrophy in East African Great Lakes cichlids. The study provides insights into the evolutionary biology of lip hypertrophy, highlighting the importance of proteoglycans and Wnt signaling pathway.
A new study has revealed that wheat plants actively influence the microbial communities living on and inside their roots, with certain microbes favored under dry conditions and others under irrigation. This dynamic relationship allows the plant to select its microbial partners, shaping its microbiome over time.
A study comparing two species of transparent worms reveals that gene expression patterns tend to remain unchanged in basic cell types, while diverging more rapidly in specialized cells involved in sensing and responding to the environment. The findings provide new insights into the pace of evolution in organisms.