Clinical trial participants are calling for more inclusive and patient-centered cancer research, highlighting the need for transparent designs and improved communication. The authors propose various improvements to trial design and delivery, including expanding eligibility criteria and involving patient advocates in trial design.
Research suggests that health apps, wearables, and interactive programs can improve physical activity, diet, and weight outcomes for children and teens. Mobile apps had the greatest impact on diet and weight outcomes, while wearables were most effective for reducing sedentary time.
Researchers at the University of Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center are investigating novel immune-based approaches to prevent keratinocytic skin cancers. They aim to identify early immune signals that can activate the body's own immune defenses to prevent cancer before it starts.
A new electronic medical records-based tool predicts which patients are most at risk of losing a transplanted kidney graft, allowing for timely interventions. The study achieved high predictive accuracy and can be implemented to streamline care of recipients.
Researchers proposed ACAL system for fabricating micro ring-shaped metasurface unit cells on highly curved substrates, demonstrating extended depth of focus and robustness against defocus. The method improved minimum annular feature size by over 10 times compared to conventional methods.
Researchers Sang-Ho Kim, An-Ping Li, Bronson Messer and Zac Ward recognized for their distinguished achievements in physics. They were cited by the APS Division of Physics of Beams, Topical Group on Instrument and Measurement Science, Forum on Outreach and Engaging the Public, and Forum on Physics and Society.
A synthetic microbial consortium, combining Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa LXZ1, completely reduces soluble uranium to insoluble U(IV) within 48 hours. The cooperative system accelerates extracellular electron transfer through pyocyanin-mediated interaction and extracellular DNA conductive networks.
A new study by VCU researchers found that almost all participants perceived a suspect as being in custody after only a short period of time, even though they had not been formally arrested. The research used virtual reality headsets to examine how people perceive police custody from 'inside' the interrogation room.
Researchers have discovered a new gene, ALOX15, that protects against sepsis-induced lung injury in mouse models. The findings suggest that mild lung thrombosis may actually reduce the severity of lung damage from sepsis, offering a potential novel therapeutic strategy.
A study by Fisabio found that children who owned 'other animals' had a protective effect against emotional problems, while cat ownership at ages 4-5 showed a mild association. The study suggests that less demanding pets may help create stable relationships and enhance psychological well-being.
A team of researchers from the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture identified the base, optimal and maximum temperature ranges for eight commonly grown cover crop species. The study's findings provide significant guidance for developing accurate plant growth and biomass prediction models.
A novel study aims to uncover the connections between Fanconi Anemia and nervous system development, as well as nervous system decline. Researchers use C. elegans worms with FA gene mutations to track neural cell damage and behavior changes.
The new SOFA-2 system updates the global reference for assessing organ dysfunction in intensive care, reflecting advances in diagnostics and life support. With over 3.3 million ICU admissions analyzed, SOFA-2 provides a more accurate representation of critical care management.
A new urine test can detect SORD deficiency, a common cause of inherited nerve disease, earlier and more cheaply than genetic tests. The test has brought understanding and access to care for affected families, particularly in the Old Order Amish community.
John Lyons, a physical scientist at NRL's Materials Science and Technology Division, has been selected as an APS Fellow for his work on wide-band-gap semiconductors. His research focuses on understanding doping and defects in materials like gallium oxide and gallium nitride, key to next-generation radar and high-power electronic systems.
Researchers have developed a new machine learning-based algorithm called Coralysis to integrate complex single-cell data, overcoming challenges in identifying and grouping cell types. The method can detect changing cellular states and estimate confidence levels, streamlining the analysis process.
A clinical trial at UCI Health has tested a new CAR T-cell therapy for lupus patients. The treatment showed significant reversal of symptoms in the first trial participant, offering hope for future treatments.
Current PRRSV vaccines offer protection through a T cell response, rather than antibody production. Vaccination induces an immune response that identifies and attacks conserved parts of the virus.
A new study using CALIOP lidar data found nearly 10% of atmospheric profiles feature ambiguous transition zones between clouds and aerosols. The high frequency of these zones poses a challenge to current climate models, highlighting the need for more sophisticated representations of atmospheric particles.
Researchers have identified a protein complex that drives T cell exhaustion in tumors and show that disrupting it can revive exhausted anti-tumor CTLs. The study's findings offer new hope for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
A study published in Nature Communications found that while some municipal wastewater samples select for antibiotic-resistant E. coli, most instead suppress their growth, suggesting wastewater treatment plants may not be breeding grounds for resistance as commonly thought.
The study by researchers at Oregon State University and Utrecht University found that children of parents with high levels of acceptance and low negativity tend to struggle less with their own parenting, while those who experienced little acceptance and a lot of negativity as children are more likely to become parents with similar diff...
Security researchers have developed a defense mechanism that protects against cryptanalytic parameter extraction attacks on AI systems. By making neurons in the same layer similar to each other, the defense creates a barrier of similarity that makes it difficult for attacks to proceed.
Research found that investing in staff training led to a 4% increase in new residents, while improved pay conditions resulted in a 3.1% increase. However, beyond a certain threshold of collective skills and experience, further improvements require additional interventions.
A recent study has found that certain painkillers can increase hepcidin production in liver cancer cells, leading to iron deficiency and anemia. The researchers discovered that diclofenac and paracetamol alter the activity of signaling pathways within cancer cells.
The team discovered a flat, spherical gas and dust structure resembling a diamond ring, formed by a massive star's radiation and winds. The 'Diamond Ring' is around 20 light years in diameter and shines strongly in infrared light.
A new study found that the brain encodes molecular features of odors early on to support odor discrimination, while representing subjective attributes like pleasantness later. This distinction can be used to assess olfactory disorders or enhance function.
A recent study from the University of Kansas found that a 2023 police raid on a small-town newspaper in Kansas sparked
A new species of wolf snake, Lycodon irwini, has been discovered in the Great Nicobar Islands and named in honor of Steve Irwin. The snakes are glossy black, non-venomous, and likely feed on reptiles and small mammals.
A new recycling process recovers nearly all valuable materials from used batteries with high purity, requiring less energy, chemicals, and costs compared to existing methods. The two-step flash Joule heating method separates lithium and transition metals quickly and cleanly.
Biosurfactants, such as rhamnolipids and sophorolipids, have been found to be highly effective and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic surfactants in shampoo formulations. They offer improved environmental compatibility and are suitable for sensitive skin, with properties that surpass those of traditional surfactants.
Researchers found that immune cells in the gut follow an atypical pathway to produce antibodies providing long-term protection against viruses. The study could help guide the development of better vaccines for respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS-CoV-2.
Researchers at the University of Missouri discovered that adding oil-based dressings or sauces to kale increases its carotenoid absorption. Cooking with these dressings is equally effective as mixing them in after cooking. The study suggests novel dressings could further boost nutrient absorption from other vegetables.
Despite national policy, palliative care is often not equally accessible to all, with most people dying in hospitals or nursing homes rather than at home. The researchers emphasize the need for systematic implementation and integration of person-centred palliative care across different care settings.
A team of researchers has developed an improved version of the Zebiak-Cane model by fine-tuning key atmospheric parameters, resulting in more realistic ENSO simulations. The study demonstrates that adjusting heating efficiency, drag coefficient, and frictional coefficient can mitigate biases and improve the model's realism.
A study conducted in a Japanese ICU found that healthcare workers experience reduced satisfaction and concentration due to poor lighting and excessive noise. The findings suggest that designing ICUs with improved natural light and mitigating noise can enhance worker satisfaction, productivity, and quality of patient care.
A Rutgers Health-led study found that Medicaid expansion increased PrEP prescriptions overall, but racial disparities in access persisted. White Americans received the most PrEP prescriptions (94%), while Black and Hispanic communities were underrepresented, with 13% and 24% respectively.
Dr. Sedrak receives King Hussein Cancer Research Award for innovative work on accelerated aging in cancer survivors, with a focus on developing new strategies to prevent or reverse age-related effects. His research aims to improve health span and quality of life for cancer patients, holding promise for other age-related diseases.
Scientists propose and experimentally realize optical skyrmions in the spatiotemporal domain using transverse orbital angular momentum and vectorial shaping of pulsed light. The structures exhibit fascinating evolution during propagation, including the Gouy phase shift and changing beam size.
Researchers propose a novel approach to ensure uniform backfilling throughout borehole depth, addressing immediate safety concerns and long-term sustainability. The circulating mixing method improves process parameters and quality control through advanced numerical simulations.
A UVA-led team is part of a national project funded by ARPA-H to create an intelligent indoor air system that detects pathogens and responds with interventions. The BRAVE system aims to revolutionize public health by anticipating and mitigating outbreaks before they spread.
A new type of 3D-printable material made from polyethylene glycol has been developed by a University of Virginia research team. This breakthrough material is biologically friendly and can be stretched, making it suitable for use in larger structures or those requiring flexibility.
Nanoemulsions in cosmetics provide efficient carriers for active ingredients, maintaining product efficacy and bioavailability. Their stability ensures sustained release of actives, reducing the need for frequent application.
A team of researchers has successfully developed niobium disulfide metallic nanotubes with predictable properties, a long-sought goal in advanced materials science. The breakthrough was made possible by adding table salt to the growth process, which helped create stable shells and revealed two-layer tubes.
Researchers will study neural mechanisms of visual perceptual learning (VPL) to generalize across the visual field, improving vision rehabilitation and AI systems. The project aims to develop a unified model of visual processing, VPL, and attention.
Research using brain-computer interface reveals tirzepatide's temporary suppression of brain activity involved in 'food noise' in a patient with severe obesity, calling for further investigation. The medication, originally developed to manage Type 2 diabetes, may have potential in treating impulse control disorders like binge eating di...
A 20-year study of 11,000 adults in Bangladesh found that reducing arsenic levels in drinking water was associated with lower mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, and other chronic illnesses. The study provides the first long-term, individual-level evidence that reducing arsenic exposure may lower mortality even among people exp...
Researchers at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology identify a unique mechanism in the aging of the immune system and propose a framework for improving its function in older individuals. Controlled iron supplementation has been shown to improve T-cell activation and enhance the immune response in elderly mice.
A parasitic ant queen tricks ant workers into killing their queen mother by spraying a foul-smelling chemical, causing her daughters to turn against her. The parasitic queen then usurps the throne and is served by the workers.
A US cohort study from 2012-2021 found persistent disparities in cesarean births by race and ethnicity, with non-Hispanic Black individuals facing increased risks. The study highlights the need for quality improvement efforts to address structural racism and reduce unnecessary cesarean births.
Researchers in Japan have developed a supramolecular polymer system that can adaptively transform into different dimensional states depending on the intensity of light applied, revealing mechanisms behind these dynamic transformations using high-speed atomic force microscopy.
Legged robots face difficulties in hardware design and control due to impact force and kinematic complexity. Single-leg robots offer a simplified alternative for hopping and biomimetic motion, with various structures, modeling, and control strategies being explored.
A new online calculator uses percentiles to help younger adults forecast their risk of a heart event over the next 30 years. The tool calculates a person's 30-year risk of developing heart disease using common health measures, such as blood pressure and cholesterol.
A 20-year study found that reducing arsenic exposure lowered mortality rates from heart disease, cancer, and other chronic illnesses. Participants with lower arsenic levels had significantly lower mortality risks compared to those with continued high exposure.
Researchers have developed an innovative antibody-based enzyme switch called 'Switchbody', which is activated upon antigen binding. The switch's mechanism relies on a 'trap-and-release' process, offering new opportunities in diagnostics and therapeutics.
The new facility can test thermal performance of heat exchangers and cooling equipment up to five megawatts, supporting the growing $30 billion data center cooling industry. SwRI offers customized testing services, including coolant distribution units and secondary side pumps, and replicates real-world conditions.
A recent study published by the American Psychological Association found that about a quarter of U.S. service members and veterans who start psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) quit before finishing treatment. The study analyzed 181 studies covering over 124,000 military participants and discovered significant diffe...
The Chinese Society of Hepatology outlines a structured framework for monitoring, diagnosing, preventing, and managing drug-induced liver injury in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Key risk factors include underlying liver disease, genetic predisposition, and drug-specific factors.
A new Yale study found that only 24% of medicines tested in clinical trials received market authorization, highlighting a significant 'test it but don't sell it' problem. The study highlights the need for collective effort from pharma companies, countries, and other stakeholders to improve post-trial access to life-saving medicines.
Approximately 1 in 30 clinical trials were disrupted due to grant funding terminations, disproportionately affecting infectious disease and prevention studies. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable financial support to ensure trial operations and participant safety.