Research found that people with learning disabilities in the UK have a faster progression to severe type 2 diabetes and are at higher risk of dying from the condition. They also tend to have better overall blood glucose control compared to those without learning disabilities.
A new study led by Professor Jonghun Kam predicts that Pakistan will experience major floods and severe droughts on a periodic basis, exacerbated by accelerating global warming. The AI model forecasts these extreme weather events every 15 years for the upper Indus River, and roughly every 11 years for surrounding rivers.
Researchers have developed a novel urine-based test to identify prostate cancer using biomarkers TTC3, H4C5, and EPCAM. The three-biomarker panel accurately detected prostate cancer 91% of the time and ruled out non-cancerous conditions 84% of the time in validation studies.
Researchers found that wildfire chars can suppress methane production by supporting the growth of bacteria that outcompete methanogens. This natural process could have important implications for mitigating greenhouse gases and climate change.
A study suggests that climate change will shift the geographic distribution of four venomous snake species in India, leading to increased snakebite risks in certain regions. The researchers developed a snakebite risk index for Indian districts and states over the next 50 years, predicting higher risks in Northern and Northeastern states.
Researchers found that state Medicaid policies drive population-level treatment rates for opioid-use disorder. States with expanded Medicaid coverage saw substantial increases in buprenorphine prescribing rates, while those without expansion experienced declining treatment rates after 2022.
People with hepatitis B immunity induced by vaccination have a lower risk of developing diabetes of any kind. The study found that higher HBsAb levels were associated with greater reductions in diabetes risk.
A new study reveals that shorter and warmer winters will lead to dramatic ecological shifts in high-latitude lakes, including changes in productivity and food web dynamics. Climate change is increasing the seasonal overlap of light and warmth, enhancing plant growth and animal activity.
A flexible skin-mounted haptic interface can replicate diverse motions using a single actuator, providing rich tactile feedback and versatility. The technology aims to assist humans in various applications, including wearable human-machine interfaces and medical operations.
A study published in Cell Reports Medicine found that zeaxanthin, a plant-derived carotenoid, strengthens the activity of immune cells that kill tumor cells. The findings suggest that zeaxanthin could complement and strengthen advanced cancer treatments like immunotherapy.
Empirical evidence shows that land sharing and land sparing strategies alone are insufficient for balancing agricultural production with biodiversity conservation. Context-specific combinations of both approaches yield the best results, according to a meta-analysis published in PNAS Nexus.
The CA Bridge program successfully implemented opioid use disorder treatment services across over 80% of California's emergency departments, treating 165,000 patients with nearly 45,000 instances of buprenorphine treatment. This initiative demonstrates the potential for emergency departments to serve as critical entry points for addict...
A global assessment reveals that ocean plastics pose ecological risks in areas with dense marine life and pollutants, even in waters with modest plastic levels. The study identifies high-risk zones, including the North Pacific and North Atlantic oceans, where coordinated efforts can substantially lessen threats.
A study by BSC-CNS analyzed molecular data from over 4,000 patients and 45 diseases using a newly developed computational method. The results show that 64% of medically known connections are related by similarities in gene expression, providing clues about the biological mechanisms linking them.
Researchers developed a hybrid kiri-origami structure to overcome the trade-off between flexibility and function in stretchable electronics. The design features a mutual orthogonal cutting line pattern, allowing simultaneous mounting of rigid components and stretching.
A new study published in Nature Astronomy has discovered a clean pathway for the origin of hypervelocity white dwarfs, which are stars hurtling through space at speeds exceeding 2000 km/s. The research reveals a dramatic sequence of events involving a merger between two rare hybrid helium–carbon–oxygen white dwarfs.
The CHARA Array will be upgraded with state-of-the-art optics and controllers, enabling simultaneous observations across visible and near-infrared wavelengths. This advancement will allow researchers to explore the universe in unprecedented detail, from local star systems to distant galaxies.
A team of researchers at UC Santa Cruz developed a system using low-cost WiFi devices and machine learning algorithms to accurately measure heart rate. They found that the system worked regardless of body position or distance from the hardware, with high accuracy even after just five seconds of monitoring.
A recent study published in Radiology found that AI-assisted mammography catches most advanced breast cancers, but still misses 14% of invasive cases. The AI missed more cases in younger women with tumors 2 cm or smaller, and those with low histologic grade, fewer lymph node metastases, and non-glandular locations.
The study found that detection rates of congenital heart disease have improved due to advances in ultrasound screening practices, with added specific views helping detect more defects before birth. However, detection rates still vary by region and type of defect, highlighting the need for continued improvements in prenatal care.
Researchers have uncovered microbial DNA in woolly and steppe mammoth remains dating back over 1 million years, identifying bacteria possibly causing disease in mammoths. The findings provide an unprecedented glimpse into the microbiomes of extinct megafauna.
Researchers found that a pandemic clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which causes seafood-related infections, evolved by losing genes involved in putrescine use. This led to stronger biofilms and better human transmission, supporting the virulence trade-off hypothesis.
Researchers at Seoul National University of Science & Technology developed LWMalloc, a lightweight and high-performance dynamic memory allocator for resource-constrained environments. The new allocator outperforms ptmalloc by achieving up to 53% faster execution time and 23% lower memory usage.
A team of researchers has developed a method to remove yellow stains from fabric using high-intensity blue LED light, which is more sustainable than traditional bleaching methods. The technique, which utilizes ambient oxygen as an oxidizing agent, successfully removed stains from multiple fabrics, including silk and polyester.
Researchers found that exosomes from senescent cells and circulatory exosomes carry molecular signatures associated with biological aging and cellular senescence. These signatures include proteins, lipids, and microRNAs linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling.
Florida Atlantic University's FAU Engineering has received a $827,533 USD grant from the USDA to develop an advanced edge/fog computing-based framework called FogAg. This project aims to revolutionize precision agriculture by enabling real-time sensing and analysis of crop growth and yield.
Researchers aim to integrate microbial sensing and communication with electronic networks, enabling computing systems constructed from living cells. The project explores the development of smart biosensors capable of identifying chemical signatures and learning through cellular memory.
A new study by Cambridge University Press reveals that small business owners are more likely to identify with and vote for right-wing parties. The research suggests that the experience of running a business leads people to adopt conservative views on government regulation.
Researchers provide experimental evidence for universal unusual magnetoresistance, attributing it to interfacial electron scattering governed by magnetization and electric field. The two-vector magnetoresistance model offers a unified framework for understanding magnetoresistance in diverse spintronic systems.
Researchers at the University of Minnesota developed AI-guided aerial robots to detect, track and analyze wildfire smoke plumes. The technology provides high-resolution data collection across large areas at a lower cost than satellite-based tools, enabling more accurate computer models for air quality predictions.
Researchers have discovered Migrion, a novel unit for intercellular viral transmission that exploits host cell migration. Migrions facilitate accelerated replication kinetics and co-transmission of heterologous viruses, causing severe pulmonary and cerebral infections.
A new study reveals that women excel at recognizing social ties, especially in cohesive networks. However, this advantage fades when professional networks are open and loosely connected, hindering their career progress.
Researchers found that deforestation is responsible for a significant reduction in rainfall and increase in temperature in the Amazon during the dry season. The study quantifies the impact of forest loss and global climate change on the biome, highlighting the importance of preserving standing forests to maintain climate resilience.
A new evidence review reveals significant gaps in knowledge and support for Autistic people experiencing menopause symptoms, with many using non-medical coping strategies. The review identifies a need for targeted resources and interventions to address the unique challenges faced by Autistic individuals during this life stage.
A new study reveals that Alzheimer's progression is characterized by a breakdown of epigenomic stability, leading to compromised compartmentalization and the loss of gene regulation. The research provides insights into the molecular mechanisms driving disease progression and resilience, shedding light on potential new treatments.
Researchers at KAIST have precisely clarified the operating principle of an oxide-based memory device using a multi-modal scanning probe microscope. The study reveals that oxygen defects determine the on/off state of the memory and confirms that electronic behavior also plays a role in its resistance changes.
Researchers from USDA's Agricultural Research Service have discovered a tomato line with good resistance to the emerging tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV). The virus can cause significant yield loss in tomato crops worldwide. Developing resistant cultivars is crucial for controlling ToBRFV and ensuring a stable food supply.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin discovered that electrically stimulating macrophages can shift them into an anti-inflammatory state, promoting faster tissue repair. This breakthrough offers a potentially powerful new therapeutic option for treating inflammation-driven diseases and injuries.
Researchers from the University of Birmingham identified bioactive peptide sequences in PEPITEM that counteract key changes caused by osteoporosis. The study shows the full PEPITEM molecule reduces bone resorption, increases bone formation, and promotes angiogenesis in bone.
A Mayo Clinic study shows that a shorter, less intense course of radiation and chemotherapy after minimally invasive surgery significantly reduces treatment-related side effects while maintaining high cure rates. The findings apply to intermediate-risk patients, with slightly better disease control in high-risk patients.
Researchers used single-cell transcriptomics to study liver injury and repair. They found that hepatocytes can migrate to damaged areas, and that hepatic stellate cells play a dual role in contributing to fibrosis and supporting regeneration. Endothelial cells regulate regenerative signaling, and macrophages exhibit heterogeneity durin...
A new study from the University of Georgia found that young adults under 34 are more likely to engage in insurance fraud, with only 5% of those 55 and older signaling acceptance. The researchers attribute this to younger generations' carefree attitudes and lack of understanding about what constitutes fraudulent behavior.
Researchers from Delft University of Technology have successfully measured the nuclear spin of an on-surface atom in real time, achieving 'single-shot readout'. This breakthrough enables control over the magnetic nucleus and opens up possibilities for quantum sensing at the atomic scale.
Researchers at Penn Engineering introduced AMP-Diffusion, a generative AI tool that designed tens of thousands of new antimicrobial peptides with bacteria-killing potential. The most potent AMPs performed as well as FDA-approved drugs without detectable adverse effects.
A new study by Juan Jarque Jarque proposes an inclusive education system that respects diverse values to end antigypsyism and encourage greater Roma participation. The researcher emphasizes the need to recognize Spain's heterogeneous Roma population and weave their history into the national narrative.
A novel fluorescent reporter technology has been developed to enable real-time visualization of apoptosis in living cells. This breakthrough technology overcomes limitations of conventional methods, offering a powerful tool for drug discovery and biomedical research.
A team of scientists used over 250,000 computer simulations to study the cosmic web and understand the influence of primordial magnetic fields. They found that these fields may have been billions of times weaker than a small fridge magnet, yet their traces still remain in the universe.
Most people consistently choose settings featuring more people of their own ethnicity, age, and educational level. Individuals without a college degree were the only exception, showing willingness to interact with those of higher education levels.
A recent study finds that appointing an immigrant CEO can dramatically reduce the incidence of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) in their home countries. The research highlights how a leader's personal ties and social networks abroad influence where—and how often—multinational enterprises engage in harmful practices.
Prostate cancer incidence rates have reversed from a decline to an increase, with advanced-stage diagnoses rising by 4.6-4.8% per year. Meanwhile, mortality declines slowed from 3-4% per year in the 1990s and 2000s to 0.6% over the past decade. The study highlights wide disparities, with Black men facing twice the risk of death compare...
A new analysis of the gender pay gap in the UK reveals that women in wealthier households earn 25% less than men, while those in poorer households experience a smaller 4% gap. The study highlights the importance of addressing societal penalties for being female and improving job quality to reduce the pay gap.
A new brainwave test developed at the University of Bath has been shown to detect signs of memory impairment linked to Alzheimer's disease years before clinical diagnosis. The Fastball EEG technology, a three-minute passive test, can reliably identify memory problems in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Researchers Y. Allen Chen and Alan C. Haynie win the 2024 Outstanding Article Award for their novel study on size-targeting in the U.S. Bering Sea pollock catcher/processor fishery. The analysis reveals that size-based management can generate gains in harvest outcomes and stock biomass, particularly in years of low pollock abundance.
Researchers analyzed 5 years of Yellow Card data on 13 drugs containing fluorine and found no significant correlation between fluorine content and adverse drug reactions. The study suggests that the way a drug acts is more likely to result in an adverse reaction, rather than the presence of fluorine.
A new study identifies a genetic biomarker, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), that can predict the aggressiveness of meningiomas. High TERT expression is linked to faster disease progression and poorer outcomes, even in low-grade tumors.
A University of Michigan study shows that lobe-finned fishes experienced rapid jaw innovation and evolution between 359-423 million years ago, while ray-finned fishes evolved more slowly. This finding highlights the importance of ancient fossil records in understanding vertebrate evolution.
Scientists have found a way to stop brain cancer cells from spreading by 'freezing' hyaluronic acid molecules in place. This approach could lead to a new type of treatment for glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer.
A new study analyzes over 31 million bird observations from eBird to show regional variation in bird responses to fire, revealing nuanced impacts on bird populations. The results can inform refined fire management techniques to support biodiversity and bird conservation.
A UNIGE team reveals a previously theoretical geometry that distorts electron trajectories in certain materials, revealing its presence through observation under intense magnetic fields. This discovery opens up new avenues for exploring and harnessing quantum geometry in various materials with major implications for future electronics.
A survey of over 3,000 US citizens found that Donald Trump's rhetoric about his prosecution had minimal effect on increasing support for him or reducing opposition to democratic norms.